The first objective of this study is to determine the time when the main stem of Luffa cylindrica is normally most elongated. In all the six plants observed the main stems were elongated more in the daytime than at night. The largest difference of the stem between daytime and night was obtained of 27th July, 1992. At that time, the stem was elongated by 8.0cm in the daytime as against 5.4cm at night.

The second objective of the present study is to survey the assumption in people of different ages of the elongation of L. cylindrica. The majority of the primary school pupils assumed that it would be elongated more in the daytime than at night based on what they have learned in their school science lessons. On the other hand, the majority of the university students and science teachers thought that it would be elongated more during night time based on informations that they have obtained from various sources.

In this study we examined that the students on compulsory education stage classified the living things as the animal or plant through the any standard. In this examination, we made the students answer the animal or plant from each seven species of familiar animals and plants. We also made the students write the reasons how they judge as the animal or plant. The students’ number was 1759 which in included the students from the 3rd grade of elementary school to 3rd grade to lower secondary high school. As the result of examination they were classified the following two facts.

1) The students classified the animal through the standard of how they behaved. They classified the plant through the standard how they had the specialized morph.

2) Few students had the clear standard to classified. Many students varied their standard for the species of living things to classify not to be consistent.

Phage has outstanding characteristics as a research material for molecular genetics. There are many noted studies using phage. A mong them, the concepts of recon, muton, and cistron are famous, which were introduced by Dr. Benzer who studied the fine structure of phage.

Nowadays phage is a basis of research materials for molecular genetics, and it is widely used as a vector of DNA technology

Many biology textbooks used in high schools cover the experiment by Hershey and Chase who clearly proved that DNA is essential as a gene. D espite this fact, few productions of teaching materials for phage have been reported in the subject of biology. This author will develop the teaching materials for phage from following points.

1 What do we teach through phage ?

2 Appropriate themes of experiments and practical exploitaition of the teaching method

3 Examining the research assignments using phage

To make the points mentioned above clear, the following four experiments were made. Experiment 1: Examine the characteristics of genes

2: Examine the life cycle of phage using one-step growth

3: Examine cistron using cistrons complementation test

4: Make genetic maps using the three-point test and examine recon

These four experiments made by the students were successful with the expected results. The students’ reports proved that understood the experiments fully.

The summaries will be made in the following pages.