同一家族の同胞の半数以上が犯罪者になっている家族（非行同胞群）83と極貧状態と片親又は両親に酒乱，出奔などの問題行動があって犯罪者の生じていない家族（対照群）20を調査し，家族における犯罪促進と抑止の病理を検討しようとした。

1. 非行同胞群では父親の酒乱，病弱，横暴，女性関係，やくざ，犯罪，母親の家出などが多かった。

2. 父親の問題行動の多くは，結婚前から持続していたが，母親のばあいは，父親の巻添えとして派生したものが多かった。

3. 母親の家出は，父親の問題行動に随伴して経済機能が崩壊したばあしへに多発する傾向がみられる。

4. 非行同胞群の家計は，極貧と下位が過半数を占め，地域環境も貧民街が圧倒的に多かった。

5. 同胞の男女比では，非行同胞群は，兄弟が姉妹の3倍をこえ，姉妹欠損家族が35％にたっし，非行発生率は兄弟が87％，姉妹は29％であった。対照詳では男女の間にこのような差がなかった。

6. 父子家庭よりも母子家庭の方に肉親間の共犯関係が生じやすい傾向があった。

7. 父親や先祖が偶像化され，同一視が生じて非行が抑止されていると考えられる例があった。

8. 対照群では非行同胞群にくらべて同一事象の価値判断が向上的な意欲と結びついているのに対して，非行同胞群では逆恨みや怠惰に結びついていることが多かった。そして，それらは肉親や近隣による方向づけが影響していると考えられた。

The problem of the interrelationship of the family as a social system to juvenile delinquency as a social phenomenon can be rightly understood only when we, students, examine precisely the way the family relates to each action space of delinquency. However closely each factor of the family or personality traits isolated from the action space may be related to the phenomenon, the problem cannot be solved either synthetically or scientifically.

The writers, in this paper, intended to understand historically the interrelationship of the family to the whole “delinquent formation space” in juvenile delinquency, which consists of the formation and fixation situation of delinquent readiness, the occurrence situation of delinquent behavior, the control or suppression situation of delinquent behavior, and the correction or dissolution situation of delinquent readiness.

And the relationship of the family to the delinquency especially in middle adolescence was divided into two major types on the basis of the point that whether or not the conditions in childhood and in early adolescence functioned as delinquent readiness for delinquent behavior in middle adolescence. Each type was devided, moreover, into two subtypes according to the point that whether or not the occurrence situation of delinquent behavior was formed in the earlier period of development.

In each of these types, the family had different relations to the formation and fixation situation of delinquent readiness, to the occurrence situation of delinquent behavior, and to the suppression situation of delinquent behavior, though the relationship was fundamentally indirect because middle adolescence corresponds to SD-II or -III. And in every type the family is often requested to relate itself to the correction situation of delinquent readiness by the public organizations. And this relationship plays an important role in the later delinquent behavior. For each type the relationship was closely examined in connection with Delinquent-Geno types.

This typology is applicable to the delinquency in both early and late adolescence, though there is some difference in the degree of strength of the relation among the three stages of adolescence. In the case of early adolescence, the family has direct relation to the formation and fixation situation of delinquent readiness and the occurrence situation of delinquent behavior. For example, the victim, or the cooperator, or the protector of the delinquent behavior is the family or family members, and sometimes delinquent behavior place is in the family. And since early adolescent bases his essential ego on the family, the family does necessarily have great importance in the other situations of delinquent formation space, too. And in the case of late adolescence, the family, which he will form in adulthood, comes to have important meaning in each situation of delinquent formation space.

In short, the relationship of the family to the delinquency should not be considered as the same structure throughout one’s life cycle. And the difference in Socialization-Depth of individuals determined primarily the interrelationship of the family to delinquency or crime.

In criminological practice, it has been needed to develop some sort of screening tests to differenciate personality disorders or psychopath. We, therefore, attempted to compare the results of two psychological tests in psychopathic delinquents group (PD) with those in non-personality-disorder delinquents group (ND), and to establish objective and practical standards for differenciating the psychopath in connection with the treatment.

The multiple correlation ratio method was applied to analizing 13 scale scores of the Ministry of Justice Personality Inventory (MJPI) and 11 categories relevant to psychopathic syndromes from the Ministry of Justice Sentence Completion Test: Form Youth-I (SCT). According to this method, structure coefficients and weight coefficients were calculated. The psychopathic scale scores for each of subjects were also calculated by using these weight coefficients.

126 subjects (PD:88, ND:38) for the MJPI, and 131 subjects (PD:49, ND:82) for the SCT were selected from among the sample of the previous study, “A Study on the Diagnosis of Psychopathic Juvenile Delinquents.” (1973)

Among structure coefficients of 13 scale scores of the MJPI, those of Paranoid (P), Depression (D), Deviation (De), Unstable (U), and Explosion (X) were found to be significant. Throughout some discussions on psychological meanings of these 5 scales, it was concluded that these were at least related to emotional unstability.

Weight coefficients of P and D were also found to be higher than those of another scales. Although weight coefficients were not always concerned directly with the psychopathic scale, it could be taken for granted that P and D, representative of paranoid trends, anxiety trends respectively, were fundamental factors in differenciating the psychopath.

The means and standard deviations of the psychopathic scale scores with the MJPI were 0.43, 0.82 for PD, and -0.99, 0.58 for ND, respectively. The multiple correlation ratio was so high (r=0.65) that the psychopathic scale might be put to practical use.

As for the SCT, the categories indicating high plus structure coefficients were “lack of emotionality and/or bad human relations”, “lack of durability”, “unstability or immaturity of emotion” and “ignorance of social norms and/or group norms”. On the other hand, the categories indicating minus structure coefficients were “persistency” and “erasing and/or omitting letters”. Moreover, the response frequencies in these categories were found to be almost same for both groups.

In most categories, weight coefficients ran parallel to structure coefficients. But, “lack of guilt feelings and/or inability to profit by or to use experience” showed minus score in weight coefficient, although it showed plus score in structure coefficient.

The means and standard deviations of the psychopathic scale scores with the SCT were 0.85, 0.83 for PD, and -0.51, 0,69 for ND, respectively. In addition, the multiple correlation ratio was fairly high (r=0.61). These results indicated that there was a significant difference between PD and ND, as it was showen for the MJPI.

The present study was intended to investigate the characteristics of the moral judgement of juvenile delinquents, standing on the view-point that the judgement of rightness or wrongness would suggest the permissiveness for transgression. The story-completion test has been widely used to examine the problem of moral judgement, but we employed the questionnaire method as the numerical method to measure the severity of moral standards.

The subjects were 100 normal high school boys and 70 male delinquents living at the juvenile training school.

The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 40 morally prohibited activities. Each item offered a five-point scale for rating and each subject was asked to rate the degree of wrongness of these items. Spearman-Brown’s coefficient of reliability was computed for the scale of 38 items shortened by an item analysis, and found to be 0.931 for the normal group and 0.954 for the delinquent group.

It is doubtful to regard the delinquent group as a homegeneous unit, since the delinquency is the legal classification. Therefore, both groups were devided to two sub-troups on the basis of E scale scores of Mausely Personality Inventory respectively, and 30 subjects were extracted from each subgroup to analyze the data.

First, 38 items were classified to five categories (illegal conduct, pre-delinquency, transgression of public morality, violation of traffic law, and transgression of personal standard) and the separate simple analysis of variance was performed for each category. In all categories the group factor was statistically significant, but the personality factor and interaction effect were not. It was found that the moral judgement of delinquent boys was laxer than one of the normal boys.

Secondly, the group differences were separately tested by a chisquare analysis for each item, and the significant differences were found in about 60% of the items. When the items showed significant differences between the groups were compared with the items showed no significant differences, it was found that the activities of the former items were relatively wronger, but that them of the latter were less wrong.

Finaly, the factor analysis (principal axis method) was performed to classify the 40 items to some categories. The product-moment intercorrelations among 40 items were calculated for normal group, and 9 factors were extracted from a correlation matrix. Then the group differences were tested by t-test for the cluster of the items related to each factor axis, seperately. As a result, it was found that the group differences were significant in the middle or upper class of moral value hierarchy, but that not in the lower class.

The conclusions from these findings are as follows:

(1) The moral judgement of juvenile delinquents is totally laxer than one of the normal boys.

(2) This tendency is not found in all prohibited activities but found in the relatively wronger activities.

(3) It is interpreted that this fact is due to the undifferentiatedness of the moral value system of juvenile delinquents.

Pd得点の高い非行少年は，低い非行少年よりも学習の程度が低いという仮定を検証するため，言語条件づけを用いた2つの実験がおこなわれた。実験Iでは，言語条件づけで典型的に用いられる報酬的強化因のみならず，罰をも強化因として用いた。その結果，Pd得点から非行少年を3段階にわけてみると，報酬条件においてはPd得点が高くなるほど学習の程度は低くなった。一方，罰条件においてはPd得点が高い非行少年ほど反応の増加は大であった。

実験Ⅱでは，Pulsemeterを用いて自律性興奮の程度を測定し，Pd得点と自律性興奮の高低から4つの組合せが設定された。その結果，Pd得点は高いが自律性興奮の程度は低い型に属する非行少年にのみ有意な反応の増加がみられ，他の3つの型に属する者は学習が成立していなかった。

これら実験I，Ⅱの結果から，Pd得点の高い非行少年は自律性興奮が低いために学習が成立しないという従来の見解が支持されないことがわかった。さらにこれらの非行少年において学習が成立するかどうかは，剌激場面によって大きく変化するということが示唆された。