Recent research has indicated that criminal psychopaths have difficulty in processing emotional information. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between primary/secondary subtypes of psychopathy and autobiographical memory. One hundred and seventy-two undergraduate students assessed using the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales were asked to rate a positive, a negative, and a neutral autobiographical memory, using the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire. We found that high primary psychopathic individuals experienced less sensorial and contextual details when remembering positive memories. We also found that high secondary psychopathic individuals recalled their memories less frequently. Further, high psychopathic individuals remembered their memories less clearly than low psychopathic controls. Our findings suggest that psychopathy affects their autobiographical memories.

In correctional facilities, the motivation toward rehabilitation is a critical factor in the treatment of inmates. Measurement of the motivation allows the psychologists to make the accurate assessment, provide the effective treatment, and evaluate the treatment effectiveness. Drawing a sample from young male inmates incarcerated in the prison, this study developed the motivation toward rehabilitation scale based on the stages of change model. Reliability and validity of the scale were examined by Cronbach's coefficient alpha and the correlation with the existing motivation scale. The factor analysis showed the stages of change model partly supported the inmates' process toward rehabilitation. Based on the scale developed in this study, the offenders' motivation toward rehabilitation and the treatment according to their stage of change were discussed.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact sex-related dangerous events that cause harm have on the awareness of crime prevention of female college students from the perspective of optimism bias. Sex-related dangerous events that cause harm were limited to encounters with deviants. Two types of optimism bias were set: optimism bias that compares the certainty of encountering harm with of others (frequency) and optimism bias that compares the severity of the result of encountering harm (degree). Both types of optimism bias were measured using a direct method and an indirect method. A survey was conducted in January 2009 with a sample of 329 female college students in the Chubu region of Japan. The results indicated that the optimism bias (frequency) in cases of encountering harm is low, but does not lead to the formation of an awareness of crime prevention. Also, an analysis was conducted with crime prevention awareness as a dependent variable and encounters with harm and optimism bias (degree) as independent variables, and the direct method indicated that when optimism bias (degree) is high, crime prevention awareness is low, regardless of the presence of harm. In a similar analysis, the indirect method found an interaction, and in cases where harm was encountered, when the optimism bias (degree) is high, the crime prevention awareness is low.