Onogi K, Kondo I, Saitoh E, Kato M, Oyobe T. Comparison of the effects of sliding-type and hinge-type joints of knee-ankle-foot orthoses on temporal gait parameters in patients with paraplegia. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2010; 1: 1-6.
Objective: To determine the efficacy of sliding-type medial hip joint (Primewalk system) and a hinge-type medial hip joint (Walkabout system) of knee-ankle-foot orthoses in improving the temporal gait parameters in patients with paraplegia.
Methods: The subjects were 7 consecutively recruited patients with paraplegia (6 men and 1 woman; age, 20-45 years). All subjects had got used to the Walkabout system and were trained using the Primewalk system for at least 1 month before the measurements of the temporal gait parameters. The average gait velocity, cadence, and stride length were measured. The pelvic rotation angle was additionally measured in 1 patient.
Results: The average gait velocity was higher, cadence was faster, and stride was longer with the Primewalk system than with the Walkabout system. The value for the step length divided by the pelvic rotation angle was larger with the Primewalk system than with the Walkabout system.
Conclusion: The Primewalk system improved the gait efficiency by the sliding mechanism that set the virtual axis of the orthoses hip joint higher than that of the hinge-type joint.

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Sato S, Bunno K. Use of Yi-Gan San (TJ-54) in patients with motor aphasia who refuse to participate in rehabilitation. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2010; 7-10.
  Since aphasic patients have difficulty communicating, they often have emotional lability, which can make clinical management difficult and may even lead to the patients' refusal to participate in rehabilitation programs.
  Yi-Gan San (YGS) has recently been shown to improve behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) associated with Alzheimer's dementia. Recently, 3 patients with motor aphasia were treated with YGS to stabilize psychiatric symptoms, and this treatment helped the patients, who initially refused to undergo rehabilitation, adapt to rehabilitation therapy. Within 1 to 2 weeks of starting the treatment with YGS, there was a marked improvement in the patients' emotional lability. Since the patients showed improvement within a short period, we think that the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist action of YGS is the main factor responsible for these pharmacologic effects.
  In patients with impaired communication ability, such as those with motor aphasia, YGS may be effective and worthwhile as a supplemental therapy for secondary psychiatric symptoms such as emotional lability.

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Teranishi T, Kondo I, Sonoda S, Kagaya H, Wada Y, Miyasaka H, Tanino G, Narita W, Sakurai H, Okada M, Saitoh E. A discriminative measure for static postural control ability to prevent in-hospital falls: Reliability and validity of the Standing Test for Imbalance and Disequilibrium (SIDE). Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2010; 1: 11-16
Purposes: To determine the reliability, validity, and clinical significance of the Standing Test for Imbalance and Disequilibrium (SIDE), a discriminative measure of standing balance, before using it to prevent falls in clinical settings.
Methods: In all, 30 patients (18 men and 12 women) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 57.4 (16.97) years (range, 25-85 years) who were admitted to the “Kaifukuki” rehabilitation ward voluntarily participated in this study. In the reliability study, 2 physiotherapists independently classified the level of static postural control ability by using SIDE. Functional balance control ability was simultaneously evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Cohen's κ statistic was used to determine the inter-rater reliability, and the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient between the BBS score and SIDE level was used to determine the criterion-related validity.
Results: Inter-rater reliability of SIDE showed excellent reproducibility (Cohen's κ statistic = 0.76). Criterion-related validity was very high between SIDE levels and BBS scores (Spearman rank-correlation coefficient = 0.93; p < 0.01).
Conclusion: SIDE can be used to efficiently and accurately classify balance control ability across individuals and has remarkable concurrent validity in balance evaluation compared to BBS.

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