Many data on the dietary fiber intake of the Japanese population have been reported. However, some of them are especially meager because of incompletion in dietary fiber tables. Recently the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan -Dietary Fiber- was published by the Science and Technology Agency. Utilizing the Standard Tables and data from the National Surveys of Nutrition, I have estimated the dietary fiber intake of the Japanese population. I have compared my results with other estimations of the dietary fiber intake in the literature and also discussed the chronological changes in the intake in Japan and the basic descriptive data on the intake. My estimation demonstrates that until the early to mid-1960s, the intake of the Japanese population was over the recommended intake of dietary fiber (20-25g/day as an adult). However, thereafter the intake has gradually decreased and reached to approximately 16g/day/capita in 1990s. The intake correlated well with age and in younger generations the intake was very low, approximately half of the recommended intake.

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　特殊な方法で加水分解して平均分子量を50,000程度にした低分子化アルギン酸2.5g,5gまたは10gをブドウ糖50gと一緒に摂取させ,血糖上昇ならびにインスリン分泌に対する影響を観察した。その結果,摂取30分後の最大血糖値は低分子化アルギン酸5gおよび10g摂取によって容量依存的に有意に低下した。低分子化アルギン酸による血糖上昇抑制に対応して血清インスリン濃度も低下した。さらに,低分子化アルギン酸含有飲料(300ml,低分子化アルギン酸5.4g含有)と和菓子(100g,糖質約60g)を一緒に摂取させ,血糖ならびにインスリン分泌への影響を観察した。和菓子と低分子化アルギン酸含有飲料を一緒に摂取させた場合,摂取30分後の最大血糖値はブドウ糖50gの単独摂取に比べて有意(P＜0.01)に低かった。プラセボ実験に比べても低い傾向を示したが,有意差はなかった。低分子化アルギン酸含有飲料摂取時の最大インスリン濃度はブドウ糖50gの単独摂取よりも有意(p<0.01)に低く,プラセボ実験に比べても有意(P＜0.05)に低かった。摂取60分後には,血糖はほぼ摂取前のレベルに戻ったが,血清インスリン濃度はプラセボおよび低分子化アルギン酸含有飲料実験とも摂取30分後にピークに達し,その後150分まではゆっくりと低下した。これらの結果は,高糖質食品摂取時に低分子化アルギン酸含有飲料を一緒に摂取すると血糖上昇およびインスリン分泌が抑制されることを示している。

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健康な成人女性35名にキシロオリゴ糖(XO)0.4gを4週間継続摂取させた。1週間あたりの排便回数がXO摂取前には4回以下であった便秘傾向の被験者では,XO摂取1週間目以降,排便回数が増加した。排便量便の固さ,便の色,排便後の爽快感については,XO摂取前に自己判定によるスコアが低い被験者において改善効果が見られ(P＜0.05),良好な状態がXO摂取終了後2～4週間目まで持続した。糞便中の腸内細菌叢に占めるビフィズス菌の割合は,XO摂取2週間目にXO摂取前と比較して有意に上昇した(P<0.05)。この効果はXO摂取期間中維持されたが,摂取終了後は元の水準に低下した。

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The effects of ingestion a soft drink containing 7g of Polydextrose (PD-drink) on both the fecal properties and the frequency of defecation were investigated in healthy female volunteers. 1) Effect on fecal properties : Ten volunteers participated in the study conducted using a blind placebo-controlled trial. They all consumed one serving of either a PD-drink or placebo drink (PL-drink) for 7 days. The total fecal weight during the period of PD-drink ingestion (474±212g) was thus found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) than that for the PL-drink ingestion (359±209g). The fecal moisture also changed significantly from 70.4±7.7% to 72.6±6.6%, while the stool consistency also decreased from 494±1528/cm2 to 397±158g/cm2 after consuming the PD-drink. 2) Effect on the frequency of defecation : A blind cross-over designed placebo-controlled trial was carried out with 45 women. Each subject consumed one serving of the PD-drink or PL-drink for 7 days. The frequency of defecation during the period that the PL-drink was consumed ranged from 2 to 14 times during the 7-day period. A significant increase (p<0.05) was observed after the ingestion of the PD-drink in the subjects who averaged less than 6 evacuations/7 days whereas no change was observed for the subjects who averaged more than 7 evacuations/7 days. These results suggested that the consumption of the PD-drink increased the fecal weight, fecal moisture and frequency of defecation, and also softened the stool consistency, thus resulting in a beneficial effect for constipated females.

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