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Volume 4 (1968)
- Issue 4 Pages 273-
- Issue 3 Pages 178-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 4, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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U. Soejima, T. Sato1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 273-282
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two features in contact conditions between man and machine of the system in automobile or train operations.
One of those is regular or repeating operations and the other is irregular or dangerous operations.
This study deals with the problems: 1), information acception, judgement and management in a human operator facing to danger potential moment. 2), The improvements on those practical process, and 3), impact effects to drivers or passengers in automobile, accompanied with main safety improvements on car structures. 4), The reconsideration of measuring method of acceleration for safety evaluation tests.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
Takeshi Nakatsuka1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 283-291
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the field of traffic safety to which serious consideration has lately been given as a social problem, the author analysed in this paper the process of traffic accidents on the assumption that they are to occur when the demands of “Man-Vehicle-Environment System” exceed “Driver's Characteristics”.
In this analysis, four factors related to high speed driving safety are picked up and each of these factors was further investigated from the point of view of “Man-Machine System”.
Such investigation as “illusion of speed feeling”, “physiological response to high speed driving”, “frequencies of steering wheel adjustment for crosswind” and “frequency response characteristics of the vehicle” are discussed from an automotive engineer's view point.
The author affirms that when vehicles at high speed are required to be operated closer to its maximum performances, while a driver is forces to react in such conditions, no safety can be assured unless the demands for the whole system lessened.
Neither human nor safety performances vehicles at collision was discussed herein.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
T. Kondo, K. Higuchi, T. Suzuki, M. Koshi, S. Sugiyama1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 292-297
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (9404K) -
1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 297
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1694K) -
T. Oyama1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 299-306
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (989K) -
Y. Hayashi1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 307-313
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPursuit traking characteristics of the human operator in simple manual control systems is made clear by two-input one-output model.
Using the model that consist of the open loop transfer function, and the closed loop transfer function, the superority of pursuit systems over compensatory systems is clearly demonstrated. As analysis of human operator characteristics using the two-input one-output model is not so well development, by the statistical methods, closes loop transfer function and open loop transfer furction is calculated.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
T. Katoh, F. Yonezawa1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 314-318
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was so designed to investigate the intensity of physical load of walking through a crowd from the aspect of energy consumption. 3 young male subjects were asked to walk at various speeds (30-100m/min) through crowds of different densities of passers-by (0.75-1.69persons/m2), and then the Relative Metabolic Rate (R. M. R.) was measured for each subject and condition. As the basis of comparison R. M. R. was also measured in case each subject walked in manless region.
The main findings were as follows:
1. The R. M. R. of walking in the same direction of the stream of the crowd was larger than that of walking alone in the manless region, even if the subject walked along at the same speed of the crowd. The increment of R. M. R. value was proved roughly proportional to the cube of the density of the crowd.
2. In case of walking at faster speed than the crowd, R. M. R. became much larger than in case of walking at the same speed. The increment of R. M. R. value was approximately in porportion to the square of the subject's walking speed relative to that of the crowd and the cube of the density of the crowd.View full abstractDownload PDF (3572K) -
T. Wake, T. Kamizasa, Y. Uchimura1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 319-329_4
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated legibility and readability for road signs under static and dynamic conditions. They were measured by varying the distance between the road sign and subjects. The results showed that (a) there are some ranges of maximum distances with respect to percent contrast or luminance ratio of a randolt ring to its background; (b) visible distance threshold increases with the increase of luminance of white field except percent contrast of 100 percent; (c) dynamic acuity decreases with the increase of target speed under all conditions of luminance of target. (d) in night driving, readability for the road sign decreases with the increase of car speed at relative small luminance difference between the road sign and its surroudding field.View full abstractDownload PDF (13311K) -
K. Kogi1968 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 331-336
Published: November 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemporal patterns of physiological reactions during vehicle driving were summarized and discussed. Driving strain could be indicated by decrease of spare mental capacity or by degree of autonomic reactions. For variation of the cortical functions two major patterns were classified. In the case of automobile or electric railcar driving, an initial rise with succeeding gradual decrease of the critical fusion frequency of flicker was characteristic (C-type). Locomotive driving or driving in a monotonous situation usually lacked this initial rise and revealed from the first stage of driving a gradually decreasing tendency of cortical functions (L-type). In both types of variation pattern, prolonged driving over 3-4 hours always causes marked decrease of the cerebral activation level, which may induce more frequent detraction phases, thus tending to cause accidents. Since patterns of physiological reactions seem to be determined by the driving “situation” as a whole, it is urged-in order to reduce accidents, to design those driving situations which are less restric, tive and less monotonous, having proper stimulation on the cerebral cortex.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K)
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