巻号一覧
46 巻 (1998)
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46 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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4歳児と6歳児における発達的検討小林 春美1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 1-10
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリー本研究では, 大人が適切な動作を提示した場合, 4歳児と6歳児はことばの意味の推測において, 個別性のある事物 (個物, solid objects) の, 動作に関連する属性に注目できるかを検討した。実験では, 実験者は36人の4歳児と33人の6歳児 (いずれも日本児) に対し, 見慣れない標準刺激の個物を無意味ラベルとともに提示した。実験者は標準刺激の形に注目する動作 (例転がす) または材質に注目する動作 (例握り潰す) を行った。子どもたちはその後同じラベルで呼べるのは, 標準刺激と形が同じ事物または材質が同じ事物のうちどちらかを選択するよう求められ, その理由づけも求められた。結果は, 無意味ラベルの意味の推測において, いずれの年齢群の子どもたちも動作の情報を使ったことが示された。6歳児は 4歳児よりも, 動作に関連する事物の属性により巧みに注目していた。語彙獲得における大人の入力と動作の役割の重要性が議論された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1657K) -
再活性化量の影響の実験的検証水野 りか1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 11-20
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリー本研究の目的は, 反復プライミングの原理を応用して分散効果の再活性化説を検証することにある。この説の基本的仮定は, 後続提示時の作業記憶ないしは長期記憶の再活性化量 (いずれが再活性化されるかは提示間隔によって異なる) が分散効果の大きさを決定するというもので, この再活性化量は, 先行提示時に活性化された記憶が提示間隔内で減衰する分散提示で連続提示より大きくなるはずだからである。反復プライミングの原理とは, 後続刺激の処理時間は先行刺激の活性度と反比例するというもので, ゆえに, 後続刺激の処理時間はまさに再活性化量を反映しうると考えられた。提示間隔を独立変数とした実験では, 各刺激の語彙判断時間と自由再生率が測定された。その結果, 再活性化量の指標としての語彙判断時間と再生率には有意な相関があり, また, 提示間隔によって, 作業記憶が再活性化される場合と長期記憶が再活性化される場合があることが示された。これらの結果はみな再活性化説を支持するものであった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1725K) -
松尾 直博, 新井 邦二郎1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 21-30
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to construct the social anxiousness scale for children (SASC) and to clarify its relation between social anxiousness, self-consciousness and social self-efficacy. In the first study, 341 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders answered the original SASC items. Eighteen items was selected on the basis of item-total correlation, Cronbach's α, and factor analysis. In the second study, 195 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders answered the SASC and social anxiousness subscale of General Anxiety Test (GAT), and teacher rating of children's social anxiousness was obtained in order to test validity for SASC. Between the SASC score and GAT score and teacher rating, significant correlations were obtained. Add to this, public self-consciousness and social self-efficacy were measured, too. SASC score was positively correlated with public self-consciousness score, and negatively correlated with social self-efficacy score. It was concluded that social anxiousness might be partly determinated by public self-consciousness and social self-efficacy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1647K) -
平 直樹1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 31-40
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーWhen we abstract the structure of three-way essay evaluation data, the aggregated matrix tends to show more unidimensional feature than that of each rater if the equal weights are used. Multidimensional Alpha Coefficient (MAC) proposed by Yanai (1994) gives independent sets of scoring weights which vary dimensionality of the aggregated matrices. The present study tried to extract the evaluation structure from three-way essay data by using the method for preservation of the original multidimensionality. The essay data of Taira (1995) evaluated by seven raters were used. Some criteria, including the factor analysis with Procrustes rotation method, were set to choose the most suitable weights. The result showed that the weights for the sixth solution of MAC was regarded as the best. The aggregated matrix yielded three factors, consisting of one more dimension compared with the former analysis. The revised path diagram showed much clearer causal relationships. The emotional factors on writing and reading had an effect on the ability of story making, whereas Writing Habits influenced only upon the Loyalty to the Task Condition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1445K) -
走行時間の判断松田 文子, 原 和秀, 藍 璋深1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 41-51
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThree sessions were held: T1, T2, and T3. In Session T1, 192 1st to 6th graders observed two cars running on two parallel tracks on CRT displays and judged which car had run the longer duration. In Session T2, children observed them and judged which of the two cars had started first and which car had stopped first, then observed the same movements and again judged which car had run for the longer duration. In Session T3, children observed three times the same movement: they first judged the distance, then the speed, and finally the duration. The main results were as follows:(a) In younger children, judging correctly the same starting or stopping points as being the same was considerably difficult.(b) In older children, even if they could judge correctly the starting and stopping points, some of them did not use that information to judge the duration.(c) It seemed that for many children it was easier to use information on distance and speed than to use information concerning temporal starting and stopping points in order to judge the duration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1764K) -
牧野 由美子, 田上 不二夫1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 52-57
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of the present study was to examine whether significant relationships were found between subjective well-being and social interactions, and also whether a revised program through a writing method adopting a cognitive approach could increase the quality of social interactions and subjective well-being in adolescents. In the first study, we examined the relations between social interactions and subjective well-being. Social interactions were tested by the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR). The quality of social interactions implied closeness, enjoyment, responsiveness, influence, and confidence. The quantity of social interactions implied the number of other people with whom a subject related in a day. In the second study, we produced a revised program into which a program, through a writing method adopting a cognitive approach,(Nedate & Tagami, 1994) was modified. We examined the effects of the program on the quality and the quantity of social interactions and subjective well-being. Results indicated that the quality of social interactions related to subjective well-being and the revised program increased the quality of social interactions and subjective well-being and decreased the quantity of social interactions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1061K) -
有川 誠, 丸野 俊一1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 58-67
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study intended a research on the types of naive mental models junior high school students used in order to understand electric heating, and also to research the possibility that their models might change from unscientific models to scientific models after scientific experiments performed by students. We found 11 types of naive models, which could be divided into two categories: “scientific models”, and “unscientific models”. The majority of the subjects showed “scientific models” at the time of the study. After the experiment, many subjects having unscientific models as their naive models, changed to scientific models while those who had scientific models in the beginning supported models with increasingly scientific sophistication. On the other hand, it was proved that one of the naive models could not be easily changed by the experiment. The above research showed that the experiment proved generally effective in changing student's naive mental models to more scientific ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1596K) -
土井 康作1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 68-76
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of the present paper is to show through experiments how effective ‘work arrangements’ may be when applied to assembling workshops. In experiment 1, a group of 71 junior-high school students made a ‘work arrangement’ before a job, and the quality of the ‘work arrangement’ was found to be positively, though not strongly, related to the quality of the products. In experiment 2, the same subjects were randomly divided into two groups, both doing the same assembling job, but one group used a ‘work arrangement’ while the other did not, so that the effectiveness of the ‘work arrangement’ could be measured. The results were then categorized according to the types of the subjects, namely,‘quick’ type and ‘slow’ type, to see how the types were related to the effectiveness of the ‘work arrangement’, categorization being made on the basis of experiment 1. It was found that the ‘work arrangement’ was effective in reducing work-hour and error incidence, but the effects were obvious only in the ‘slow’ type subjects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5008K) -
笠井 孝久1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 77-85
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study examined the effects of four situational factors related to bullying (ijime), i. e., the number of attackers, the relationship between the attacker and the attacked, the background of the act, and the type of the act, on children's cognition of an incident as ijime. Four hundred and sixty-eight primary school subjects and 318 secondary school subjects rated the degree to which they agreed the incidents, each of which was made by combining the four factors, as ijime. Three factors effect for primary school subjects' cognition, and all the factors effect for secondary school subjects', as well as some interactions, suggested that pupils' cognition of ijime was affected by a combination of these factors. Although primary school subjects considered the incidents as ijime more often than secondary school subjects, a particular type of act, neglect, was considered to be ijime by secondary school subjects more often than primary school subjects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1258K) -
遠藤 久美, 橋本 宰1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 86-94
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study aimed at clarifying the relationship between sex-role identity and self-actualization in terms of mental health. Subjects consisted of 86 male and 128 female undergraduate students, and they answered Self Actualization Scale (SEAS) and Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). Our results suggested that female were more self-actualized than male, and that Androgynous and/or Masculine group were more self-actualized than Feminine and/or Undifferentiated group. The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that high masculinity was conductive and high femininity was detrimental to self-actualization. It was also suggested that masculinity was necessary for male to accept themselves and their weaknesses, and that femininity gave a positive effect on male only in company with masculinity. In contrast, for female, masculinity would provide some difficulties to accept themselves. Moreover, female would be required efforts to integrate the demands out of social values and sex-role that they possess.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1616K) -
内容分析的検討塘 利枝子, 真島 真里, 野本 智子1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 95-105
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study conducted a content analysis of various coping-behaviors of the characters illustrated in elementary school texts in Japan and England. 212 stories, appearing in the readers used for 6-to 9-year old children in Japan and in England were analyzed. Japanese and English texts were examined on the types of stimuli toward the characters in each story and their corresponding coping-behaviors. Two results were observed.(1) When the stimuli caused some conflict with the characters' requests or behaviors, the stimuli were portrayed to be more unintentional in the Japanese than in the English texts. This exemplified the Japanese interpersonal relationships where members were expected to avoid causing any intentional or direct conflicts with others.(2) The coping-behaviors of the characters in the Japanese texts accepted the conflicts caused by the stimuli more actively than in the English texts. The results not only supported Weisz's secondary control hypothesis, but also showed how Japanese members were expected to change their own requests actively or willingly depending on the situation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1765K) -
河内 清彦, 四日市 章1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 106-114
発行日: 1998/03/30
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリーThis study investigated the self-efficacy expectations of non-disabled students about interaction in the college context with students with disabilities. Three hundred and one non-disabled college students completed the 26-item revision of College Interaction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CISEQ: Fichten et al., 1987) with reference to interaction with a student who is visually impaired, or hearing impaired. The scale yields the following two scores: self-efficacy Level and Strength. Factor analytic procedures yielded two factors, named Friendship and Self-Assertion, from the Level scores, and one other factor, named Confident Rating, from the Strength scores. The factors obtained in the visually impaired condition were similar to those obtained in the hearing impairment condition. In the analyses of the relationships of the CISEQ factor scores to respondent demographic and experiential variables, a degree of interest in people with disabilities was significantly related to the Friendship factor; a respondent self-esteem was positively related to all factors; female respondents and respondents with people suffering disabilities in their families responded positively on the Friendship and Confident Rating factors, while responding negatively on the Self-Assertion factor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1431K) -
1998 年 46 巻 1 号 p. 120-
発行日: 1998年
公開日: 2013/02/19
ジャーナル フリー
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