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Volume 61 (2013)
- Issue 4 Pages 351-
- Issue 3 Pages 229-
- Issue 2 Pages 121-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 61, Issue 2
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Articles
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NANA KANZAKI, KAZUHISA MIWA2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 121-132
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany published studies of graph comprehension have indicated that information gleaned from a graph is greatly influenced by the representation in the graph. Graphical representations of data should be consistent with the contents of the verbal explanation of those data. The present study investigated whether individuals who were engaging daily in academic activities using graphs (expert graph users), science graduates (semi-experts), and liberal arts undergraduates (non-experts) could generate graphs consistent with verbal explanations of data. The results of Experiment 1 suggested that expert graph users and science graduates could generate such graphs. On the other hand, in Experiment 2, undergraduates did not do so. The results of Experiment 3 suggested the possibility that presenting examples of possible graphs might result in improvement in the graph selections by undergraduates.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
Over-Adaptation in Terms of Relationship-Keeping/Conflict-Avoiding Behavior and Sense of AuthenticityHIROHITO MASHIKO2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 133-145
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, over-adaptation was thought about in terms of “relationship-keeping/conflict-avoiding behavior” and “sense of authenticity”. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships among the extent that integrating conflict resolution skills is taken, relationship-keeping/conflict-avoiding behavior, and sense of authenticity. In a pilot study, questionnaires completed by 429 university students were analyzed, and an Integrating Conflict Resolution Skills Scale (ICRS-S) was developed with 4 subscales : polite self-expression, tenacity, acceptance and empathy, and intention to integrate. Reliability was confirmed to some extent from α coefficients and test-retest reliability. Validity was confirmed to some extent from a correlational analysis of social skills, friend satisfaction, and styles of handling interpersonal conflict. In the main study, questionnaire results from 197 university students were analyzed, and the relationship of integrating conflict resolution skills, relationship-keeping/conflict-avoiding behavior, and sense of authenticity was examined. The results suggested that integrating conflict resolution skills could improve the participants’ sense of authenticity and promote an adaptive feeling in over-adaptive people.View full abstractDownload PDF (567K) -
RYOKO URAGAMI, YAYOI KOJIMA, YOKO SAWAMIYA2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 146-157
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Thin-ideal internalization” is a concept referring to the acceptance of specific cultural attractions and values about appearance to the point that they become incorporated into one’s own principles. The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between thin-ideal internalization and drive for thinness. Male (n=337) and female (n=248) undergraduates completed a questionnaire designed to investigate the relation between drive for thinness and personal traits that may mediate thin-ideal internalization, including the influence of media such as magazines, the need for praise, and self-esteem. The results indicated that drive for thinness had a strong association with personal traits through the mediation of thin-ideal internalization, regardless of gender. However, a male-female difference was found in whether personal traits were linked to drive for thinness directly or through the mediation of thin-ideal internalization. These results suggest that thin-ideal internalization is an important variable influencing drive for thinness, and that this may be related to a risk of eating disorders. Further empirical research should focus on thin-ideal internalization.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
KATSUNORI TAKESHIMA, JUNKO TANAKA-MATSUMI2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 158-168
Published: June 30, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study assessed interpersonal behavior and peer interaction patterns of children with and without depressive symptoms (in each group, fifth grade: 2 boys and 3 girls; sixth grade: 2 boys and 3 girls), using a direct observation method in which the children’s behavior was coded in a free-play setting and in a semi-structured social problem-solving task setting. The results suggested that the children with depressive symptoms spent more time alone in the free-play setting than the children without depressive symptoms did. Lag sequential analysis of the interaction data revealed that during the social problem-solving task, the children with depressive symptoms engaged in significantly fewer positive interactions and more withdrawal behavior than did the children without depressive symptoms. Further, the withdrawal behavior of the children with depressive symptoms appeared to decrease the likelihood of their peers’ aggressive behavior. The discussion dealt with the function in peer interactions of the interpersonal behavior of children with depressive symptoms, and the possible support that the present results provide for an interpersonal model of childhood depression.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Interactions With Their Marital Satisfaction and Parenting StyleSONOKO EGAMI2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 169-180
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, effects of mothers’ and fathers’ adherence to “maternal love” on their marital satisfaction and parenting style were examined from a family systemic perspective. Questionnaires on adherence of “maternal love,” marital satisfaction, and parenting style were completed separately by 304 couples with children from 2 to 6 years old, and the hypothesized model that parents’ adherence to “maternal love” affected marital satisfaction and parenting style was examined. The results suggested that fathers’ marital satisfaction was not affected by either their own or their partners’ adherence to “maternal love”. On the other hand, an interaction was found between fathers’ and mothers’ adherence to “maternal love” and mothers’ marital satisfaction. That is, for those couples both of whom gave lower ratings as to their adherence to “maternal love,” the mothers evaluated their marital satisfaction higher, whereas for those couples who were inconsistent in their adherence to “maternal love”, and in which the fathers rated it higher and the mothers lower, the mothers reported lower marital satisfaction. The results from the questions on parenting style suggested that the fathers’ marital satisfaction was related to their responsivity and controlling attitude toward their children. Moreover, the fathers’ adherence to “maternal love” was related to higher responsivity and a lower controlling attitude. For the mothers, interaction of the fathers’ and mothers’ adherence to “maternal love” revealed the same trend in the mothers’ responsivity data as it did in the data on their marital satisfaction. That is, a congruence between the fathers’ and the mothers’ adherence to “maternal love” at a high level was related to higher maternal responsivity, whereas an incongruent adherence to “maternal love”, in which the fathers evaluated it higher than the mothers, was related to a lower level of maternal responsivity. These findings suggest that effects on marital satisfaction and parenting style of adherence to “maternal love” differ between mothers and fathers.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K)
Article [Applied Field Research]
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Interrelations Between Developmental Level of Social Perspective-Taking and Preferred Conflict-Resolution Self-Expression StyleYUMI ANDO, KENICHI SHINDO2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 181-192
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study had 2 purposes. First, the relation between developmental level of social perspective-taking and preferred self-expression style (assertive, aggressive, nonassertive, indirect, and simplistic) for resolving common interpersonal conflict was investigated ; participants were 38 juvenile delinquents (27 males, 11 females; age range 15 to 19 years). Second, effectiveness of the Voices of Love and Freedom (VLF) program was examined ; 12 juvenile delinquents (8 males, 4 females; age range 16 to 19 years) participated in the program. Voices of Love and Freedom is an intervention program that requires juveniles to understand the different perspectives of characters in a story, and to express their feelings, ideas, and conflicts. The results were as follows : (a) the scores on social perspective-taking and preferred self-expression style were found to be significantly related. In other words, the higher the developmental level of social perspective-taking, the stronger was the participants’ preference for an assertive style. (b) Changes in participants’ scores from pre-test to post-test suggested that the Voices of Love and Freedom program had had a positive impact on the observed increase in social perspective-taking and the participants’ preferred self-expression style. The results suggest that the Voices of Love and Freedom program may promote mutual understanding and lead to improved assertive skills.View full abstractDownload PDF (646K)
Reviews
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MARI TANAKA2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 193-205
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study reviewed published research on causal attributions of people who have been diagnosed as having attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Causal attributions are one facet of self-cognition related to one’s sense of self-control and feeling of efficacy; they provide important findings for psychological support for secondary disorders such as depressive state or oppositional defiant disorder. The publications reviewed were classified as either questionnaire surveys in which participants evaluated the causal attributes in items presented to them, or experiments in which participants performed tasks and then assessed the causal attributions in their own performance. Investigations were conducted of multiple dimensions, including controllable or uncontrollable, internal or external, stable or unstable, and global or specific. Numerous published studies using this method to compare children with and without AD/HD have showed that young and adolescent children with AD/HD attribute stable, global, and external factors to negative performances, whereas adults with AD/HD attribute internal factors to negative performances. Implications for the relation between causal attribution and learned helplessness of people with AD/HD were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (536K) -
KOYO YAMAMORI2013 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 206-219
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: October 10, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClass size, within or intra-class grouping, and pupil-teacher ratio have drawn a great deal of interest in terms of educational policy. Educational researchers outside of Japan have directed their attention to these issues, and their accumulated findings have been incorporated into policy implementation. However, few Japanese educational psychologists have studied these topics. The present review article contends that class size, intra-class grouping, and pupil-teacher ratio should be addressed by educational psychology, because this field deals with students’ learning behavior and individual differences. In that context, the present article surveys the development of policies in Japan on the reduction of class size, summarizes trends in research examining the impact of these issues on pupils, and suggests that research findings on class size outside of Japan have a remote applicability to Japanese educational policy in terms of characteristics of classrooms in Japanese schools. The discussion also proposes educational psychology research agendas that might result in findings conducive to a discussion of policy related to appropriate class size.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K)
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