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Volume 11 (1993)
- Issue 3 Pages 195-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 11, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Kousuke Mamiya, Tatsuya Kudo, Kazumi Matsuda, Kazuichi Yagi, Masakazu ...1993 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 195-204
Published: October 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIctal single photon emission tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-(iodine-123)-p-amphetamine showed increased uptake in the mesial frontal region in 2 patients whose electro-clinical seizure type was considered of mesial frontal lobe origin.
Patient 1 showed speech arrest, tonic posturing, and complex gestural automatisms accompanying bisynchronous and almost symmetrical 2-3Hz spike-and-wave complexes in the interictal EEGs, and flattening of background activity at the seizure onset in the ictal EEGs, and increased uptake in the supplementary motor area with the ictal SPECT. The epileptogenic zone was speculated to localize in the supplementary motor area.
Patient 2 showed drooping of the head, automatisms of the extremities and trunk, blushing, hyperventilation, and urinary incontinence accompanying bisynchronous slow sharp waves notched with small spikes localized in the frontopolar region in the interictal EEGs and almost bisynchronous slow wave rhythm at the seizure onset in the ictal EEGs, and increased uptake in the anterior cingualte gyrus with the ictal SPECT. The epileptogenic zone was speculated to localize in the anterior cingulate gyrus.
The need of psychiatric management for personality disorders due to frontal lobe dysfunction recognized in both patients was emphasized.View full abstractDownload PDF (4039K) -
Toshiyuki Naruto, Tsunekazu Yamano, Morimi Shimada1993 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 211-218
Published: October 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of single oral dose of valproate (VPA) on the paroxysmal responses in EEG to various colored striped pattern reversal stimulation was tested in eight patients with photosensitive epilepsy. The photosensitivity ratio (PSR) was studied before and after VPA administration. PSR indicates the ratio of pattern reversal frequencies to which the patient is sensitive in a limitted frequency range. The change in PSR was evaluated as a percent ratio (%PSR) by comparing it with the time-matched PSR before administration.
In most cases, %PSR decreased rapidly in inverse proportion to the increase in serum VPA level. Even during subsequent decrease in serum VPA concentration, %PSR remained low for more than several hours with an initial rebound. In these patients, %PSR had been kept under 50% for much longer than therapeutic serum level (>50μg/ml) being maintained.
The trend between PSR and serum VPA level suggests that PSR would serve as a useful indicator of photosensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Jun Kawasaki, Kousuke Kanemoto, Yoshihiro Nakagawa, Itsuo Kawai1993 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 236-240
Published: October 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA whole-body rash, developing in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs, is not common but usually necessitates withdrawal of the drug. We report our experience with 5 patients who developed a whole-body rash shortly after the introduction of an antiepileptic drug and were treated by desensitization to the drug. We reintroduced carbamazepine in 3 cases, phenytoin and valproate in one case respectively. Four patients had had failure of seizure control with other antiepileptic drugs. Two patients had been in delusional-hallucinatory state. In 4 patients reintroduction of the antiepileptic drug treatment in full dose was achieved without whole-body rash while one had to discontinue the drug. In two cases delusional-hallucinatory state improved with reintroduction of carbamazepine. This study shows that desensitization for antiepileptic drug-induced rash is effective in the treatment of patients with severely refractory epilepsy.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Hirohiko Kanai1993 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 241-250
Published: October 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1-Naphthylacetyl spermine (1-NA-Spm), an analogue of a Joro spider toxin (JSTX), is known as a specific blocker of glutamate receptors. The anticonvulsant effect of 1-NA-Spm against the seizures induced by specific agonists of glutamate receptor subtypes was investigated electrophysiologically and behaviorally in freely moving rats. Electrodes were implanted into the right dorsal hippocampus and an injection cannula for drugs into the right ventricle. The pretreatment with 1-NA-Spm (20μg) significantly reduced hippocampal epileptic discharges induced by both quisqualate receptor agonists, quisqualate (30μg; 80 to 11%) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA; 1μg; 55 to 9%). 1-NA-Spm had no effect on the seizures induced by quinolinic acid (30μg), an NMDA receptor agonist, and by domoic acid (0.8μg), a kainate receptor agonist. The present study provides the direct evidence that the 1-NA-Spm shows a potent and selective suppression of the seizures mediated by quisqualate (AMPA) receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (1220K) -
Toshiyuki Naruto, Akira Aisaka, Tsunekazu Yamano, Morimi Shimada1993 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 265-270
Published: October 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMechanism of language disorder in a case of Landau-Kleffner syndrome was discussed. The language disorder in this case was considered to belong to an auditory verbal agnosia. Auditory agnosia caused language disorder and subsequent behavioral abnormalities. Since transient auditory verbal agnosia was observed as a post-ictal phenomenon, it may well be conjectured that paroxysmal discharges cause the functional exhaustion of neurons and verbal auditory agnosia.
Long lasting language disorder is also explained by repeated epileptic discharges and exhaustion of neurons. These explanations are suspected by the time lag which has been noted between the initiation of paroxysmal discharges on EEG and manifestation of language disturbance. Speech audiometric examination after intravenous diazepam showed about 4 hours of improvement of the hearing and EEG abnormality. Normal speech audiogram lasted longer even after the recurrence of paroxysmal discharge on EEG, thus supporting above-mentioned explanation. It was conceivable that epileptic discharges gave rise to all of his symptomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Kazuhiko Iwahashi, Hiroshi Suwaki, Jun-ichi Ohnishi, Kiyoshi Hosokawa1993 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 271-274
Published: October 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of two anticonvulsants, phenytoin (PHT) and valproate (VPA), on the vitamin D3-activating enzyme (cytochrome P-450D25) have been studied. PHT was found to inhibit the activities of cytochrome P-450D25 in Wistar rat liver microsomes and mito chondria, but VPA was found not to inhibit them, even over a wide concentration range. Two months-administration with PHT a competitive inhibitor of the microsomal cyto-chrome P-450D25, was found to inducethe microsomal cytochrome P-450D25 and to reduce the activity of the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450D25 in liver of male Wistar rats. The administration with VPA was found neither to reduce the activity of the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450D25, nor to induce the microsomal cytochrome P-450D25. It is possible that the inhibition of the liver cytochrome P-450D25 activity by PHT may cause the reduction of vitamin D3-bioactivation and may result in the disability of Ca-metabolism and osteoporosis, in the long-term clinical administration.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K)
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