THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-6276
Print ISSN : 0387-7973
ISSN-L : 0387-7973
Volume 12, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
  • YOSHIHIKO HACHIYA
    1972 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
    Published: November 30, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this survey is to investigate into the following questions concerning the two functional roles of leadership. (1) What is the trait of the member's personality who takes the roles? (2) Is there any difference, as to followers' attitudes toward a task leader and group atmosphere felt by members, among the following three kinds of groups: (a) the “integration” group in which one member takes the two roles exclusively; (b) the “differentiation high-favor” group in which one member takes the task role and another takes the group-maintenance role, and the group-maintenance leader is favorably disposed toward the task leader; and (c) the “differentiation low-favor” group in which the group-maintenance leader is unfavorably disposed toward the task leader?
    Members of 30 male basket-ball clubs in senior high schools served as subjects.
    Results are as follows: (1) The members who take the group-maintenance roles make, on ‘general activity’, ‘rhathymia’ and ‘social extraversion’ scales of the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory, higher scores than ones who do not. (2) The task leaders receive more favorable social-supports from the followers in the integration groups than in others, but in the differentiation groups there is no significant difference between the high-favor and the low-favor groups. (3) The group atmosphere felt by the group members is less congenial in the differentiation low-favor groups than in others.
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  • YUUSUKE KAWAZU, JYUJI MISUMI, NOBUYA OGAWA
    1972 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 11-19
    Published: November 30, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fifty-eight junior high school studens were divided into three groups and placed under supervisors of different supervisory types (P, M, or PM). Under the supervision of these adult supervisors, the studens were made to engage in a simple and repetitive task. During the course of the work, skin conductance and heart rate were monitored. Under P type supervision both GSR and HR increased, but under M type supervision GSR increased and HR rather decreased signficantly. Under PM type supervision GSR increased but HR did not change. A discussion was made on these physiological responses from the point of view of Lacey's environmental inake-rejection response patterns.
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  • TOSHIAKI TASAKI
    1972 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 20-27
    Published: November 30, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to find out, through experiments, about the relationship of the PM leadership patterns to group members' emotions toward their leaders as well as toward their products. Utilized to measure group members' emotions toward their leaders and products was the way in which the judgement of distance perceptions was made regarding photographs of their leaders and samples of their products on the size-distance table.
    The results indicated that those members who worked under leaders of PM and M types showed positive emotional loadings toward their leaders and products, while those members who worked under leaders of P type showed negative emotional loadings toward their leaders and products.
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  • JYUJI MISUMI, KATSUHISA HASHIGUCHI
    1972 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 28-40
    Published: November 30, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to make clear the effect of P-M pattern leadership behavior on the follower's risk taking behavior, using inverted alphabet printing task. Used as subjects were 27 junior high school boys. As an experimental condition, the leader's P-M pattern leadership behavior was operated, and four patterns leadership condition (PM type, P type, M type, and pm type) were provided.
    The hypotheses were as follows:
    (1) PM and M type conditions have plus Goal Discrepancy score (GD score), and the latter is larger than the former. P type condition has minus GD score. However, we cannot generalize about risk taking behavior under pm type condition.
    (2) PM and P type conditions have plus Attainment Discrepancy score (AD score), and the latter is larger than the former. But M type condition has minus AD score, and this absolute score is larger than P type condition's score.
    The results indicated that:
    Only PM type condition had plus GD score, and the other three type (P, M, and pm) conditions had minus GD score, especially pm type condition had the lowest GD score. The three type (pm, M, and P) conditions had plus AD score, and pm type condition had the highest AD score. But PM type condition failed to have plus AD score.
    Typical shift appeared the most frequently under PM type condition, followed by P, M, and pm type, in that order. Conversely, atypical shift appeared the most frequently under pm type condition, followed by M, P, and PM type, in that order.
    The first hypothesis was confirmed partially, while the second was not confirmed. The results were discussed in terms of Atkinson's Resultant Motivation model.
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  • AYAKO FURUKAWA
    1972 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 41-52
    Published: November 30, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' leadership behavior toward children from the points of view of their own self-perceptions and also children's perceptions on a comparative basis. To use one and the same descriptive dimension, we prepared a test battery which could be used commonly for both cases. The test battery consisted of ten items each of the Maintenance Factor and the Performance Factor. As a result of this test, the scores of parents' self-perceptions were found significantly higher than those of children's perceptions in father's and mother's M functions and in mother's P function, but no significant difference was found in mother's M function. Regarding the relationship of parents' leadership types to children's attitude toward parents, children were found to assume more positive attitude toward parents of PM and P types than toward those of pm and M types (these types were based on parents' selfperceptions). In terms of parents' types based on children's perceptions, however, children assumed more positive attitude toward parents of PM and M types than toward those of pm and P types.
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  • JYUJI MISUMI, MASARU FUJITA
    1972 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 53-64
    Published: November 30, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between self-rating and rating-by-subordinates of supervisors' behavior, and as a result, the following fact were found.
    1. There is a cognitive discrepancy between self-rating and rating-by-subordinates.
    2. As a result of examination of the correlations between self-rating and rating-by-subordinates, enterprise-by-enterprise and job-by-job differences were found only in the P fuction, thereby indicating the existence of its relationship with organizational traits.
    3. The degree of first line supervisors' satisfaction with job was found to be related to P scores in self-rating and M scores of their superior supervisors (the second line supervisors). However, no significant correlations were found between these two.
    4. The scores of “Favorableness for Leader” supervisors feel toward their subordinates group were found to be related to M scores in self-rating and P and M scores in rating by superior supervisors.
    From the above analysis, no evidence was found to substantiate that the criterion-related validity of self-rating was high enough, but it was concluded that self-rating and rating-by-subordinates constituted different leadership space.
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