THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-6276
Print ISSN : 0387-7973
ISSN-L : 0387-7973
Volume 15, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • TADAHIRO SAKAI
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 89-97
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of relevance to the attitudinal object on the changing processes of opinion and affect following the exposure to persuasive communication.
    The subjects (130 high school students) were divided into three experimental groups (high, medium, and low relevance conditions) and one control group. Opinion and affect of experimental groups were measured once before the exposure to communication and three times after it (immediately after, two days after, and nine days after). Control group were not exposed expose to commuication but their opinion and affect were also measured four times.
    The main results were as follows;
    (1) Immediately after the exposure, opinion changed significantly toward the message position in all relevance conditions. In high and medium relevance conditions, affect also changed toward the same direction but not significantly.
    (2) Two days after, affect significantly changed toward the subjects' initial position in all relevance conditions. But only in the high relevance condition, opinion significantly changed in the same direction.
    (3) Changed opinion was maintained till nine days after in medium and low relevance conditions, but it had been restored by two days after in high relevance condition.
    (4) The relationship between opinion and affect was not consistent in all relevance conditions before the exposure, but immediately after it, the high degree of consistency was found only in the high relevance condition and maintained till nine days after.
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  • CHITOSHI ARARAGI, SORO KANO
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 98-107
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Some characteristics of event perception system (in Experiment I) and person perception system (in Experiment II) were compared from the viewpoint of balance theory. A pleasant-uneasy continuum was used as the measure of balance.
    The results were as follows:
    1) Whether P liked or disliked O, when P's perceptions concerning PX and OX showed the same sign (+ or -) and the two perceptions were of equal intensity in the P-O-X triads, then, pleasantness was the greatest.
    2) Contrary to Price's threefold classification and Rodrigues's agreement, whether P liked or disliked O, when P's perceptions conceming PQ and OQ showed the same positive sign (++ or +) in the P-O-Q triads, then, pleasantness was the greatest. But, when P's perceptions concerning PQ and OQ showed the same negative sign (- or --), then, pleasantness was the least.
    In conclusion, in the event perception system (the P-O-X triads), it seemed to take into account that assimilation of attitude, i. e. deter. minants of agreement in which P and O agree about X is salient. However, in the person perception system (the P-O-Q triads), it seemed to take into account that not only assimilation of attitude but also its favorable attitude, i. e. determinants of positivity in which P and O are the positive agreement about Q is salient.
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  • The effects of the commitment and feedback regarding the outcome of influence attempts upon the magnitude of role-player's attitude change
    YASUKO SHIRAI
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 108-115
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The pourpose of the present study was to investigate the role of commitment and feedback regarding the outcomes of influence attempts on the magnitude of attitude change following attitude-discrepant advocacy. Fifty female undergraduates served as Ss in this experiment. Commitment to attitude-discrepant advocacy was varied by manipulating the amount of improvisation and assurance of anonymity. And feedback regarding the outcome of persuasion attempt was given only thirty Ss in high commitment condition. Ss in high commitment condition were induced to present counter-attitudinal speeches to three female audiences which were also neutral with the position being advocated. When advocators received information indicating that they had successfully persuaded all three audience members, they showed the greater attitude change toward the advocated position than those who received negative feedback or no feedback regarding the outcomes. While the socalled commitment effect wasn't showed in this experiment: there were no statistically significant differences among three experimental conditions, NoFd, TRc and control.
    The further investigations of the issue characteristics used by the experiment of attitudediscrepant role playing and modification of conditions inducing the commitment effect are suggested through this experiment.
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  • MASARU FUJITA
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 116-128
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to clarify the influences of the P-M leadership types and anxiety levels on the einstellung effect in problem solving process.
    The subjects are Women's College students (N=201).
    The task is a variation of Water-jar problem which Luchins, A. S. used in 1942.
    The assumptions are,
    I. P function increases einstellung effect and M function decreases it.
    II. High anxiety subjects have more einstel-lung effect than low anxiety subjects.
    III. M function decreases einstellung effect only when P function (outside influences) or high anxiety (inside) brings subjects tension. From these assumptions the following experimental hypotheses are led.
    (1) The subjects under P-type leader will show higher einstellung effect than other types.
    (2) The high anxiety subjects under M-type leader will show lower einstellung effect than pmtype.
    (3) Under pm-type leader, high anxiety subjects will show higher einstellung effect than low anxiety subjects.
    Main results and discussion are as follows.
    (1) On high anxiety subjects, there is a significant difference between P-type and PMtype, M-type, but not significant difference between P-type and pm-type. On low anxiety subjects, there is a significant difference between P-type and pm-type. From this result, the following is inferred that P function (outside) plus high anxiety (inside) do not multiply tension and einstellung effect.
    (2) The hypothesis 2 is supported. But in low anxiety subjects, there is a new finding that M-type has more einstellung than PM-type, which is not mentioned in hypothesis. The result is discussed that there are two processes, one is task oriented, the other is human relation oriented, to increase einstellung effect.
    (3) Under pm-type, high anxiety subjects have less einstellung effect than low anxiety subjects. Hypothesis 3 is not supported.
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  • ISAMU SAITO
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 129-141
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this research, we made a comparative study of game behavior in the sequent (non-simultaneous) choice vs. the simultaneous choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game. In the sequent choice condition, Player I (the first player) made his choice first and announced it to Player II (the second player), before Player II made his choice, which he subsequently announced to Player I.
    A comparative study of the motives governing the choices made in this “mixed motive game” within both conditions was made, also.
    80 pupils of junior high school in Japan conducted 20 trials in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game, reporting all the motives which governed their choice.
    Results showed that the so-called cooperative choice (“C's”) in the sequent choice condition were chosen significantly more frequent than those in the simultaneous condition. Moreover, the “C's” which were chosen by both Player I and Player II in the sequent condition tended to significantly increase throughout the trials, but on the other hand, the “C's” in the simultaneous choice condition did not increase, but rather decreased somewhat.
    The “C's” in the simultaneous choice condition resulted from either cooperaitve or altruistic motives. The so-called defective choices (“D's”) were the result of either competitive or defensive motives. In the sequent choice condition, the relationship between choice and its motive demonstrated more distinctive results. When Player I choiced “C”, and in response to that choice Player II also choiced “C”, Player II's motive was most frequently cooperative. Under the same circumstances the “D's” of Player II were primarily motivated by “competitive (selfish). ” However, when Player I choiced “D”, and in response to that choice Player II choiced “C”, Player II's motives was mainly altruistic. In these sequent choices, a distinctive relationship between choice and its motive was observed.
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  • MASARU KUROKAWA
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 142-161
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The research data were re-analyzed for the purpose of examining the relationship of the leader's behavior to his followers' perceptions of his behavior and the multiplier effects between the P and M functions, thereby identifying and consolidating the problem areas regarding the PM leadership theory.
    The following facts were found when the results of the PM survey carried out in two industrial organizations were examined.
    1. The supervisor's leadership type patternized based on the group average scores of the subordinates's perceptions and his type as perceived by individual group members coincided in the case of less than half the group members. In paticular not many subordinates of the supervisors patternized as P or M type perceived their supervisors as P or M.
    2. In analyzing the relationship of leadership patterns to group members' morale, it was found that the differences between these leadership types in morale were more clearly identified in terms of group members' individual perceptions than in terms of the supervisor's type.
    3. It was found that if group members' leadership perceptions are of the same pattern, the group average pattern of their supervisor affects their morale. However, when the members who perceived their supervisor of PM type as PM and the members who perceived their supervisor of pm type as PM were compared, the former was found significantly higher than the latter in leadership perception scores. The same tendency was found with regard to supervisors of other types. When individual perception score was controlled as constant, the effects of the supervisor's group average scores were found, if only in a small degree, with regard to some of the morale items.
    4. Groups with a low degree of dispersion of scores of subordinates' perceptions of their supervisor were found to be higher in average morale score than groups with a higher degree of dispersion of perception scores.
    5. On close examination of morale scores on the hypothesis of PM leadership coordinates plane, it was found that both P and M functions had positive multiplier effects on morale when P and M on the coordinates plane were both in the higher region. Compred with an increase in leadership scores in the pm region, an increase in leadership scores in the PM region had more effect on morale. The P function was found to have negative effects on morale, depending on regions. The M function was considered a sine qua non for the P function to positively operate.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 162-167
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 168-174
    Published: December 20, 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179c
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179d
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179a
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179f
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179g
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179e
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1975 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 179b
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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