THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-6276
Print ISSN : 0387-7973
ISSN-L : 0387-7973
Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • KAZUHIDE YAMANAKA
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 105-115
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to investigate early differentiation of relatedness in the development of interpersonal relationships among college students. Forty-three male and fifty-one female freshmen completed questionnaires regarding their relationship with a same-sex individual with whom they had just met. They were surveyed longitudinally at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 11 of their first term at the university. Major findings were as follows: (1) Ratings of relatonship intimacy at week 2 predicted intimacy level at week 11, while ratings at week 1 did not. The results suggest early differentiation in relationship development. (2) Ratings of friendship intimacy at week 2 was correlated with dyadic behavior pattern, in which there were some interesting sex differences. With female subjects, friendship intimacy ratings were correlated with all dyadic behaviors for the past two weeks. On the contrary, with male subjects, ratings were highly correlated with companionship behavior while they were low with affection behavior for the past week.
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  • KAZUYA HORIKE
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 116-128
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, we investigated the relationship between heterosocial skills and present or past close interpersonal expreirences. One hundred and thirteen male and 163 female undergraduates were asked to rate their present close interpersonal relationships, as well as the most impressive, disappointing relationship in their past. The basic social skills inventory and the heterosocial skills inventory were conducted at the same time. Multiple regression analysis revealed medium correlations between the encoding, decoding skills and the heterosocial skills in females. In males, the basic skills correlated with one or two aspects of the heterosocial skills respectively. An analysis of the current close interpersonal relationships proved that both skills were refined during the development of intimacy. Males refined skills in an early stage of development. Females deliberately developed skills as they became convinced at the importance of their relationships. Moreover, past disappoints in love also affected their skills. In males, there were several significant relationships between the confidence gained from past experiences and their present skills. Contrarily, females lacked these relationships except where they were accompanied by strong affection.
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  • TETSUO NAITO
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 129-140
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to try idiographic analysis of attitude toward sexual need and behavior by PAC (personal attitude construct) Analysis (Naito, 1993a, 1993b). The four female subjects who were engaging in romantic relationships elicited free associations about their sexual need and behavior. And they estimated the degree of the similarity about all pairs of association items. Cluster analysis was done by the similarity matrix of each subject. Then they were asked to interpret their own clusters and describe its contents. The results of each cases revealed the individuality of attitude construct of sexual need and behavior.
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  • Relational mechanisms of reciprocal cognitions
    KIMIHIRO SHIOMURA, MAKOTO SATO
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 141-152
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships within reciprocal cognitions of two people of the opposite sex who are romantically involved. The subjects were 61 undergraduates and the partnersof those. They rated the Self-Differential Scale to evaluate 1) self image, 2) image of the other person, 3) inference about other person's self image, 4) inference about the other person's image of me, 5) ideal self image, and 6) ideal image of the opposite sex. The final cognitive process was originally adopted in this study. Using the responses of both partners' ratings, we examined the degree of similarity between reciprocal cognitive processes. The results revealed that the similarity between 5) ideal self image and 6) ideal image of the opposite sex, and 1) self image and 4) inference about the other person's image of me, and 2) image of the other person and 3) inference about other person's self image, played a basic and important role in their cognitions. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis clarified that the 5) ideal self image has an influence on the cognitions concerning image of self and the 6) ideal image of the opposite sex affects the cognitions concerning image of other person. We discussed these results as compared to those from two persons of the same sex.
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  • MINORU WADA
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 153-163
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper was to construct a romantic love attitude scale. Subjects were 182 (71 male and 111 female) undergraduates. From factor analysis, four factors were extracted: romanticism, romantic power, romantic love linked to marriage, and ideal romantic love. Validity of these scales was confirmed by sex and sex-role type differences, similar scale (pragma scale, liking and loving scale, and romanticism scale), and various aspects of romantic love experience and courtship: Females considered that romantic love was linked to marriage more than males. The more feminine they were, the more romantic they were and the more ideal romantic love they wished. Those who have loved some people at the same time wished less ideal romantic love than those who have not. Those who have dated with some people at one time didn't believe romantic power than those who had not. Those who loved someone one-sidedly or had one boy/girl friend believed romantic power than those who were not in love or dated with some people. The more people they have dated with, the less ideal romantic love they wished.
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  • MASAHIRO MASUDA
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 164-182
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study examined exclusivity in heterosexual romantic relationships and its effects on the possibility of the maintenance of these relationships. More than others, romantic relationships are characterized by exclusivity, which establishes the boundary of a romantic group. This aspect of romantic relationships can be inferred from the manner in which people act toward the other, namely, the ritual acts which define the relationship as exclusive and proscribe extradyadic ties of the same kind. The nature of these rituals depends on the larger and the mini-culture peculiar to the dyad. From this perspective, exclusivity is reflected in the extent which individuals would accept their partner or themselves participating in extradyadic heterosexual relations. Hence, dyadic exclusivity can take one of four values: high-high, high-low, low-high, and low-low. A questionnaire was administered to one-hundred-thirty-six couples which allowed us to classify them into the above four types and to assess perceived dyadic stability. Exclusivity was found to have considerably less impact on stability for the male partner than for the female partner. Females regarded high exclusivity as indispensable, whereas males gave most weight to both partners agreeing about the proper degree of exclusivity. Agreement between partners about exclusivity, however, is relatively hard to occur after short acquaintance. These and other findings suggest that exclusivity is an important factor not only for explaining the cohesiveness of romantic dyads but also for understanding their development.
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  • The relation to self-schema, “thought”and credibility
    CHIHIRO KAWANISHI
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 183-194
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To examine how the third party's influence on the change in person perception varies with perceiver's self-schema, “thought”processes and credibility of third party's information, the following experiments were conducted to 129 female undergraduates. At the first stage, after impression rating of the target with ambivalence on extroversion-introversion dimension, subject's thought processes about the target were experimentally controlled. At the second stage, after manipulating credibility (high or low intimacy between the target and the third party), the third party's impression on the same target was informed to subjects. The third party's impression was so manipulated as to be in opposition to each subject's impression. Subjects were required to rate impressions again. The main results were: (a) Those who have no definite self-schema for extroversion-introversion dimension, were more influenced by third party's information than those who have definite self-schema (schematics). (b) Those whose thought processes were experimentally distracted, were more influenced by third party's information than those whose thought processes were experimentally strengthened. (c) Credibility factor was effective in distraction group, especially in schematics.
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  • TOKUMI UENO
    1994 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 195-201
    Published: November 30, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was designed to examine sex differences in the acceptance or rejection of the persuasive communication. Two factors were involved in the experiment; i. e., the amount of the pressureof message (low or high), and the sex of subjects, which constituted a 2×2 factorial design. After the subjects were exposed to proattitudinal message, the effects of message were measured in various aspects by using a questionnaire. Sex differences were obtained in the cognitive responses (favorable thoughts). Interaction effects between the pressure of message and the sex of subjects were found in the measures of cognitive responses (favorable thoughts and unfavorable thoughts) and the evaluation of communicators. These results showed that sex differences in influenceability tended to be found in the high pressure message. Finally, mechanisms of sex differences in influenceability were discussed.
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