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Volume 39 (1999 - 200･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
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Volume 39, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Differences in Evaluations between “The Japanese” and “Myself”MIKA HIRAI2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 103-113
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to examine (1) whether people would accept stereotypical descriptions of the Japanese, which were typically observed among literature written by so-called Japanologists, at the “the Japanese (in general) ”level, but not at“an individual”level, and (2) whether such differences are greatest on descriptions of collectivistic tendencies. A Japanese Characteristics Scale, consisting of 45 five-point-rating scales, was constructed based on descriptions of the Japanese characteristics in 14 previous articles. A total of 226 college students of both genders were asked to respond to the scale on two distinct levels: “the Japanese” and the “an individual” level (operating as to “Myself”). As expected, the participants clearly discriminated between the two levels, i. e., they reported significantly higher scores at “the Japanese” than at “Myself”, especially in the sub-scale of the collectivistic tendencies. In addition, 20 students were interviewed to elucidate how these two levels were discriminated. Implications of these results were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2114K) -
Tests in Between and Within Subject DesignsHIDETAKA OKUDA2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 114-120
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTopic importance and set size of similar or dissimilar attitude have been shown to have some impact on interpersonal attraction in within-subject design studies, but have no impact in between-subject design ones. On the other hand, repulsion hypothesis, in which dissimilar attitude decrease the attraction but similar attitude has no effect on it, has been supported in between-rather than within-subject design studies. These inconsistencies seemed to reflect the fact that the results were more difficult to be significant in betweenthan within-subject designs. Thirty male and eighteen female undergraduates participated in within-subject design experiment (Exp. 1), and three hundred fifteen male and one hundred fifty one female undergraduates did in between-subject design experiment (Exp. 2) to explore the effects of attitude importance, set size, and repulsion on interpersonal attraction. The results suggested that the set size effect was confirmed only in within-subject design and repulsion hypothesis was supported only in between-subject design, while the importance of attitude affected the similarity-attraction relations in both designs. These results imply that the interpersonal attraction can be explained with the common psychological mechanisms to impression formation or decision making.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
YOSHIKO NAKAMURA, MITSUHIRO URA2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 121-134
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA longitudinal study was conducted in order to test the effects of the received support falling short of individuals' expectation on their adaptation and self-esteem. At the beginning of the school year, freshmen at university completed a questionnaire which consisted of scales for adaptations, self-esteem, expectation of support and norm regarding support provision. Support sources were father, mother, an old friend outside campus and a new friend inside campus. After three months, they were asked to complete a questionnaire for adaptations, self-esteem and receipt of support from each support source. They estimated support provision from their old friend to be highly normative. We analyzed the data obtained from the identical support source in both questionnaires. The results showed that freshmen experiencing stress in many times suffered bad effects due to receiving less of supports than they expected of their old friend, while those experiencing stress in a few times suffered bad effects due to receiving more of supports than they expected.View full abstractDownload PDF (2004K) -
An Examination from the Viewpoint of the Protection Motivation TheoryKENICHI KIMURA2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 135-149
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate effective components of threat appeal from the viewpoint of the protection motivation theory (PMT). In Study I, 780 university students filled out the questionnaire including measures of variables specified by PMT and preventive intentions about each health or safety problem. As a result of the factor analyses and multiple regression analyses conducted to discriminate the conceptual duplication of PMT, we found that seven variables of PMT could be integrated into the following five: magnitude of threat, rewards of maladaptive response, the effectiveness of recommended coping response, self-efficacy, and costs of adaptive response. In Study II, we examined causal relationships between these five variables and persuasive effects. Five hundred forty-four university women read one of thirty-two kinds of message composed with combinations of the five variables, then rated the intentions of adopting the recommended coping response. The major results obtained were as follows: (1) Magnitude of threat, response efficacy and self-efficacy have positive relationships to persuasion, and rewards and costs have negative relationships to it. (2) Particularly, magnitude of threat and response efficacy were important elements of threat appeals, and size of an effect of magnitude of threat was mediated by response costs. Future study should improve the predictive power of PMT and reexamine a function of fear in PMT.View full abstractDownload PDF (2297K) -
YUMI ENDO2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 150-167
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDespite the fact that the self-esteem has been one of the most important concepts in psychology, little attention has been paid to the sources or functions of the self-esteem itself and the self-esteem motive. The purpose of the present study is to dig out the implicit assumptions of the self-esteem which have been taken by many researchers so far, pointing that “the self”in traditional framework had been too isolated from social contexts and human relationships in the real world. Then, new approaches that are mainly based on ecological and interpersonal perspectives were introduced. In the last part of this paper, the implications of these approaches to the self-esteem and future researches are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3134K) -
[in Japanese]2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 168-171
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (598K) -
MOTOHIKO NAGATA2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 172-187
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the restoration process of condominiums that were severely damaged by the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Specifically, based on an intensive survey of 41 condominiums, the actual conditions of consensus formation process among dwellers on how to restore their condominiums were clarified, by using the framework that described dynamic states of the consensus formation process among people concerned. According to the laws, the restoration of condominium is regulated to follow the cause-effect logic; ‘objective damage→the group decision of restoration way’. However, the result of analysis of the restoration process of condominium with a serious conflict between the rebuildgroup and the repair-group on how to restore their condominiums revealed that the actual process of condominium restoration followed another logic; ‘dwellers’ preference on how to restore→social construction of objective damage. Implications of the result were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2128K) -
Group Dynamics of“Preventing Disaster WITHOUT Saying Disaster Prevention”TOSHIE WATANABE2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 188-196
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake made us realize the importance of disaster prevention in community was recognized. Although various activities had been conducted before the earthquake. “Preventing Disaster BY Saying Disaster Prevention”, which made disaster prevention a direct goal, couldn't solely defend community. A program of disaster prevention, “Workshop of Rediscovery of My Home Town”, which was deployed by a non-profit organization formed after the earthquake and a local community group Cin the disaster area, was an alternated disaster prevention activity. It was named as“Preventing Disaster WITHOUT Saying Disaster Prevention”. The present study reported this workshop and discussed it from a viewpoint of the group dynamics.View full abstractDownload PDF (1302K) -
[in Japanese]2000 Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 197-203
Published: February 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1034K)
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