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Volume 41 (2001 - 200･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 67-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 41, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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A Case of Dog Therapy at a Geriatric HospitalKENSUKE KATO, TOMOHIDE ATSUMI2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 67-83
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study investigated the effects of dog therapy (i. e., animal assisted therapy with dogs: DT) on elderly clients at a geriatric hospital from the view of transfiguration of collectivity. Generally speaking, animal assisted therapy (AAT) has been said that it improved only the clients' health. However, it was found that AAT was effective not only for the clients, but also for the staff members of facilities, the volunteers conducting AAT, and the other members concerned in AAT. AAT gave variety to the collectivity (Sugiman, 1998) in which AAT is conducted. After introducing DT, the clients changed their Hyoujou (e. g., look, atmosphere; Hiromatsu, 1989), and the relation between the clients and staffs at the hospital was transfigured by DT. These variations of the members concerned with DT were derivedfrom the changes of tacit premises in the hospital caused by transfiguration of collectivity. DT had an impact for the collectivity at the hospital and generated new tacit premises and collective behaviors.View full abstractDownload PDF (2882K) -
Studies of Automatic and Controlled Processing Using Misattribution Manipulation of Mood and False Fame TaskHIDEYA KITAMURA2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 84-97
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo test the hypothesis that positive mood facilitates automatic processing and that negative mood facilitates controlled processeing strategy, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, after positive or negative mood was induced, subjects rated the attractivenss of products while listening to a music tape which they were told would have the effect of inducing positive, negative, or neutral moods. As predicted, an augmentation effect was clearer in the negative mood condition than in the positive mood condition.
In Experiment 2, subjects were first presented lists of non famous names of Japanese companies either once or four times. Either one or two days later, subjects were presented the names presented before and also new names, and were asked to judge whether those names were famous or non famous. As predicted, subjects in positive mood showed more false fame judgments than those in negative mood because those in positive mood did not control their feeling of familiarity correctly. These results indicated that those in positive moods were likely to engage in an automatic processing strategy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2186K) -
CHIKAE ISOBE, MITSUHIRO URA2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 98-110
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated what factors can protect people lows in trait self-esteem (Low SEs), who may be less skilled at constructing information in self-enhancing manners (Taylor, Wayment, & Carrilli, 1996), from the threat in interpersonal upward comparison with in-group members? We hypothesized that even Low SEs can maintain their state self-esteem under the condition of intergroup upward comparison with out-group. In a quasi-experimental situation, 95 female participants were required to complete a part of IQ test and then to imagine an in-group member either superior or equal to themselves under conditions designed to manipulate the presence (or absence) of intergroup upward comparison. Results showed that, consistently with hypotheses, interpersonal comparison on IQ score with a superior in-group member decreased Low SEs' state self-esteem and affective state in the condition of absence intergroup upward comparison, but not in the condition of presence intergroup upward comparison. High SEs could maintain their affection and state self-esteem regardless of the condition of intergroup comparison.View full abstractDownload PDF (1882K) -
YOSHIYUKI MATSUMOTO, TSUNEKAZU KIJIMA2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 111-123
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to identify job hunters' strategic goals by doing a content analysis of post-factum reports on the recruiting activities of 315 male and 95 female university seniors and master course graduate students. The preliminary analysis gave us 9 categories: eagerness, self-esteem, autonomy, preparation, self-control, straightforwardness, self PR, responsiveness, and luck. We then conducted a correspondence analysis of the scores obtained by content analysis of these categories, and did a cluster analysis of the individual reports. The results showed that there were three different strategic goals for self-presentation. Namely, the applicants try to give the impression that either they meet the hiring party's demands; or that they have good interview skills; or that they are open and sincere. Applicants seem to select and implement behaviors to foster one of these specific images. A discussion of the implications of these findings for future research follows.View full abstractDownload PDF (1948K) -
Effects of Group Member Diversity and Similarity on Group CreativityASAKO MIURA, MISAO HIDA2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 124-136
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the effect of diversity in groups on potential creativity during brainstorming session. It was hypothesized that high group diversity would improve creative potential and increase group-level emergence. Three-person groups were asked to generate ideas about unusual uses for a compact disc (in experiment 1) or wire coat hanger (in experiment 2). In experiment 1, twenty groups were divided into two categories by diversity (high/low) of member creativity according to the results of individual task. Prediction of the effect of diversity was not supported. Improvement in creative performance was not seen in the group with high diversity. This suggested the necessity of a synergistic effect of diversity and similarity that enables smooth communication among members. In experiment 2, fifty-six groups were categorized across diversity and similarity of member creativity. As predicted, high diversity and high similarity groups were the most creative and perceived their communication more smooth. These experiments suggested that both group member diversity and similarity are required for group-level emergence of creativity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2202K) -
Effects of Source Credibility, Argument Quality, and Issue InvolvementKIMIO ITO2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 137-146
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study examined the influence of heuristic processing and systematic processing on persuasion (The heuristic-systematic model; Chaiken, 1980). Participants received either a strong or a weak persuasive message attributed to a high-credibility or a low-credibility source. When the participants' issue involvement was high, their attitudes were influenced only by the strength of arguments. When participants' issue involvement was moderate, their attitudes were influenced by the strength of arguments and by the communicator's credibility. When the participants' issue involvement was low, their attitudes were influenced only by the communicator's credibility. These results were in line with the assumption that the two types of processing occur simultaneously, influencing each other.View full abstractDownload PDF (1542K) -
TSUKASA KATO2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 147-154
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to test the validity of the proposed coping model which takes social interaction into account. The proposed model postulates that the effect of coping behavior on mental health is mediated by one's interpersonal relationships. In Study 1, we investigated the effect of coping behavior on the others with a sample of 129 undergraduate students. The results demonstrated that one's coping behavior made the others feel varying degrees of pleasantness-unpleasantness. In Study 2, 299 college students completed the Interpersonal Stress-Coping Inventory, the Social Support Scale, and the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results of path analysis suggested that interpersonal stresscoping directly affected the availability of social support, which in turn influenced loneliness of the coping individual. More specifically, pleasant social coping behavior increases social support and decreases loneliness, whereas unpleasant social coping behavior reduces social support and increases loneliness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
KAYOKO KIHARA2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 155-164
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo experiments were performed to investigate the effects of encoding on facial recognition memory by using two types of personality traits and two types of presentation in rating. In Experiment 1, half of subjects rated impression of 30 faces in terms of expression-independent trait and another half of subjects rated impression of 30 faces in terms of expression-dependent trait. This was followed by an unexpected yes-no recognition test with the same person's expression-changed faces. The results showed that the performance of the expression-independent group was better than that of the expression-dependent group. In Experiment 2, presentation conditions and personality trait conditions were manipulated. In sequential presentation condition, three facial expressions of a person were presented sequentially, and subjects were asked to rate all of them together in terms of two types of personality traits. In distributed presentation condition, three facial expressions of a person were presented distributively, and subjects were asked to rate them separately in terms of two types of personality traits. This was followed by an unexpected expression-changed recognition test. The results showed that the performance of the sequential presentation condition groups was better than that of the distributed presentation condition groups, but there was no interaction between personality trait and presentation. It was suggested that the encoding process that led to integration of three expressions facilitated subjects' recognition memory for faces.View full abstractDownload PDF (1694K) -
Focusing on the Relative Importance between the Ideal and Ought SelvesHIDESHI KODAIRA2002 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 165-174
Published: April 30, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on the assumptions of the self-discrepancy theory (SDT), the present study attempted to investigate how the Japanese students distinguished the ideal and ought selves, how self-discrepancies, the sense of superiority and competence, and self-disgust were related to each other, and how the relative importance between the self-guides influenced on the relationships. Female college students (N=219) responded to a questionnaire measuring these indices of self. It was found that about 40% of the participants distinguished the ideal and ought selves, but more than 30% did not. The actual-ideal discrepancy was related both to the sense of superiority and competence and to self-disgust, but the actual-ought discrepancy was related only to self-disgust. Among those who valued the ideal self-guide, however, the actual-ideal discrepancy was related only to the sense of superiority and competence and the actual-ought discrepancy was related only to self-disgust. Less than 15% of the participants valued the ought self-guide, and there was no significant relationship between the indices of self among them. Even among those who valued both self-guides, there was no relationship. These results suggest a possibility that the relationships between self-discrepancies and emotions may be differentiated among people who value the ideal self-guide.View full abstractDownload PDF (1496K)
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