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Volume 49 (2009 - 201･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 49, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Toshihiko Souma, Mitsuhiro Ura2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 1-16
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we examined whether the perceived distinctiveness in romantic relationships affects how romantic partners act toward their partners. Four-hundred and seventy-four undergraduates participated in a questionnaire survey. It was found that the level of perceived distinctiveness bolsters cooperativeness, while inhibiting uncooperativeness amongst partners. Furthermore, the influence process of perceived distinctiveness on these orientations was found to be independent of interdependence variables (comparisons for alternatives, satisfaction, investment, and commitment; see Rusbult, 1983). These results suggest romantic partners who perceive their relationship as possessing greater distinctiveness may find it difficult to undertake uncooperative actions. We discussed the possibility that perceived distinctiveness of romantic relationships could result in maladaptation between the partners.
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Takumi Miyamoto, Tomohide Atsumi2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 17-31
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is vital to share a common image of the future with community members when dealing with revitalization from a disaster (Murosaki 2007). This study examined how people can create, keep and share this image. It is deeply involved in the way of their perspectives on disaster. The present focused on people's perspectives on disaster, featuring the case study of the Chuetsu earthquake, which occurred in Niigata Prefecture, Japan on October 23, 2004. Most of the stricken areas were small remote villages deep in the mountain areas, and as a result of the disaster, depopulation and aging had been accelerated. The present study examined how people in the most severely affected areas can achieve creative revitalization, and also investigated ways in which the survivors and outside supporters collaboratively create new narratives regarding their community. Through action research, we created these new narratives by activating the role of outside supporters from the perspective of group dynamics.
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Miki Ozeki, Toshikazu Yoshida2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 32-44
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, group identity was distinguished into individual and group levels, based on Interactive model of social identity formation. Group identity was composed of two dimensions; membership and pride. This study examined how membership, pride, and coherence within the group affect the perception of inconsiderate behavior. Results of a Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) were as follows: 1) in groups with high intragroup means on membership, members proud of their group perceived more group inconsiderateness, particularly when such behavior appeared to be counter to the group's norms; 2) in groups with high intragroup means on membership, pride did not affect perception of interpersonal inconsiderateness; 3) in groups with low intragroup means on membership, those proud about their membership perceived more interpersonal inconsiderateness.
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Masayuki Kurokawa, Toshikazu Yoshida2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 45-57
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this study was to explore 1) the effects of activity shared with peers and 2) the effects of personal permeability of the group on learning activities in a group. Personal permeability of the group was defined as attitudes of getting along with the nature of non-peer relationships. Participants were fifth and sixth graders. Results of ANOVA revealed that activities shared with peers led to a cheerful and supportive learning environment, with an optimal amount of learning support. It was also conducive of an orderly atmosphere where children were able to concentrate more on their work among girls, but not among boys. The results also showed that higher personal permeability of the group improved the social atmosphere of the group, with more support gained from members, and there was also an indication that orderliness and concentration were facilitated.
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Ryutaro Wakimoto2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 58-71
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent studies have suggested that interpersonal relationships have a buffering effect on existential terror, hence people strive to strengthen relationships in response to mortality salience (MS). Wakimoto (2006) have reported that Japanese show greater self-effacement as a way to maintain harmony in relationships when mortality is salient. Considering that Japanese people are likely to anticipate a supportive reaction by others when they show self-effacement, it was predicted that MS intensifies expectations of their friends' supportiveness, as well as expression of self-effacement. It was also expected that these effects would be moderated by attachment style. These predictions were examined with regard to causal attribution of past success and failure. Fifty-two Japanese undergraduates responded to items probing their attribution of past success and failure, and their prediction of their close friends' attribution of the events. The results indicated that MS raises expectations for supportive attribution form close friends, when self-effacing attribution is induced. However, an increase in expectation for supportive attribution after MS did not necessarily accompany more self-effacing attribution. Suggestions for future research on terror management through close relationships were discussed.
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Harumi Harada, Michiko Konishi, Sawa Teraoka, Mitsuhiro Ura2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 72-83
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve municipally employed public health nurses were the subjects of a semi-structured interview probing into their interactions with the mentally challenged and their significant others. The interview data was analyzed inductively with the Modified Grounded Theory Approach, revealing 29 concepts, which were subsequently grouped into four categories. These were: establishing warm human relationships; maintaining composure and a professional relationship; mediating the client's relationships with others; and maintaining an adequate psychological distance between clients. The process in which public health nurses develop their relationships with their clients was described, paying special attention to these four categories. A discussion was conducted on how public health nurses create a supportive atmosphere in their relationship development with each mental patient, enabling him/her to function within his/her community.
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Short Articles
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Keiichi Eguchi, Akihiko Tokaji2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 84-92
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to develop a short version of the Work Values Scale that would be easier to administer. Data were collected (n=720, mean: 41.4 years±13.3, range: 18-74 years) for the development of this short version. Based on the results of an exploratory factor analysis of the original version, the highest loading three items from each subscale were selected to compose the short version. The internal consistency of the subscales of the short version proved to be adequate (α=.814-.878). The subscales of the short version showed significantly high correlations with their counterparts of the original version (r=.906-.976), and they also demonstrated criterion-related validity. Furthermore, a confirmatory factor analysis indicated high goodness of fit (GFI=.929, AGFI=.902, CFI=.953, RMSEA=.056), supporting structural validity. From our analyses, it was apparent that the short version of the Work Values Scale could measure the constructive concept of work values adequately with fewer items.
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Kuniaki Yanagisawa, Takashi Nishimura2009 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 93-103
Published: 2009
Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the effect of self-esteem on selecting interaction partners using the "Settoku Nattoku Game" (Persuasion Game: Sugiura, 2003). In particular, the authors investigated whether the selection of the "agreement players" would vary according to the level of self-esteem on the "persuasion players" in the "Settoku Nattoku Game". One hundred and five undergraduates participated in the game. Three main results were found: (1) The "persuasion players" selected the "agreement players" more often in session 2 than session 1, regardless of their level of self-esteem. (2) In session 1, the number of interaction partners was correlated with the level of satisfaction regarding interaction with others. (3) Moreover, if this level of satisfaction in session1 is low, the "persuasion players" those who are high self-esteem tend to select the "agreement players" those who have low self-esteem in session 2. These results suggest that there are different aspects about selecting interaction partners between people with high self-esteem and low self-esteem. Especially, when high self-esteem individuals temporarily decreased state-self-esteem, they would select low self-esteem persons in order to improve their decreased state-self-esteem.
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