THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-6276
Print ISSN : 0387-7973
ISSN-L : 0387-7973
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Volume 49, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Intrapersonal processes of peer abuse amongst junior high school students
    Ayako Onishi, Toshikazu Yoshida
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 111-121
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.111
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships amongst cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, narcissism, norms regarding abusive behavior (relational·direct), and potential participation, for two types of peer abuse (relational·direct) among junior high school students. Participants were 188 junior high school students (103 boys, 85 girls). The students completed a questionnaire that asked about their potential participation in abusive acts toward a classmate, cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, narcissism, and class and group norms regarding direct and indirect abusive behavior. A hypothesized model of the inherent intrapersonal process was investigated, using structural covariance analysis. The results indicated that: (1) norms regarding abusive behavior have a direct effect on potential participation for both types of abuse; (2) narcissism influences potential participation indirectly via norms regarding both types of abuse; (3) cognitive empathy influences potential participation indirectly via norms regarding relational abuse and has a direct effect on potential participation for direct abuse; (4) emotional empathy influences potential participation indirectly via norms regarding both types of abuse. The importance of intervening through class and group norms was discussed.
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  • The effects of cultural self-construal and the frequency of experienced stressful events on group-representation
    Ken'Ichiro Nakashima, Chikae Isobe, Koji Hasegawa, Mitsuhiro Ura
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 122-131
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.122
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to examine the relationship between self-construal and group-representation. The second purpose was to investigate whether the type of cultural self-construal and frequency of experienced stressful events have an interactive effect on individuals' group-representation. A factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the participants' group-representation. The results confirmed that group-representation consisted of two factors: common identity group vs. common bond group (Prentice, Miller, & Lightdale, 1994). As predicted, the results of a longitudinal survey showed that interdependence was related to common bond group, and the type of cultural self-construal and the frequency of experienced stressful events had an interactive effect on this group-representation. Interdependent individuals showed high common bond group scores when they experienced multiple stressful events, as compared to few, whereas independent individuals exhibited low common bond group scores. The possibility that a mismatch between participants' group-representation and in-group characteristics prevented us from confirming these effects was discussed.
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  • Appropriateness-evaluation of interpersonal actions, and social norm: A formulation of Socio-Logics
    Hiroshi Shimizu, Kouji Kosugi
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 132-148
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.132
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    The purpose of this study was to propose a hypothesis about how people evaluate the appropriateness of interpersonal actions. We first considered that people evaluate the appropriateness of actions by deduction, based on the Pareto principle. Then, we developed strategies of conflict resolution as Pareto solutions based on interdependence theory (Kelley & Thibaut, 1978). Next, we applied Luhmann's (1984) communication media theory for elaborating on the meanings of these strategies in social situations. Results showed that conflict resolution strategies could be divided into four categories: altruistic, reciprocal, role, and receptive. In addition, it was indicated that the choice of strategy depends on the relational qualities of the other. Finally, we formulated "Socio-Logic," a system of logic for appropriateness of interpersonal actions, and discussed the application of Socio-Logic to theories of social competence and social capital.
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  • Sense of field reality scale reconsidered: Evidence from two experiments using the Simulated International Society (SIMINSOC)
    Toshikatsu Kakimoto, Fumio Hosono
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 149-159
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.149
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    Validity of the sense of field reality scale was examined, using intergroup situations constructed through the Simulated International Society (SIMINSOC) game (Hirose, 1997). In Study 1, an ordinary version of the SIMINSOC game was conducted while a newly developed computer-based prototype of the game was conducted in Study 2. In Study 1, two conditions were compared in terms of subscale scores and the unified score of the sense of field reality scale: the scenario game condition in which participants simply learned the rules of the game and anticipated what would happen, and the actual game condition in which participants actually played the game. As hypothesized, scale scores were larger in the latter than the former. In Study 2, data from the actual game conditions were compared between the ordinary and the computer-based prototype games. It was found that the sense of reality of the "participants" was smaller in the computer-based prototype game, reflecting its game characteristics. Together with the subscale score patterns, it would appear that the scale captured the sense of field reality relatively well. Several methodological and theoretical issues were discussed.
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Short Article
  • The effects of achievement motivation and subjective temporal distance to deadline on planning fallacy
    Osamu Higuchi, Kenji Hanita, Yoshitsugu Fujishima
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 160-167
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.160
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    This research investigated the effect of achievement motivation and subjective temporal distance on planning fallacy. Planning fallacy occurs, in part, due to optimistic prediction of how long it will take to complete a task. Previous research has suggested that task motivation could lead to an optimistic prediction, and that subjective temporal distance moderates this optimistic prediction. Forty-eight participants were asked to complete a scrambled sentence task (achievement priming vs. temptation priming), report subjective temporal distance before the final exam, and predict the amount of study time they would spend for the exam. They were followed up on the day of the exam to report their actual study time. Results showed that participants who were primed with achievement motivation showed more optimistic estimate of study time (i.e., planning fallacy) than participants who were primed with temptation motivation. Subjective temporal distance moderated this tendency, and the priming effect was significant only among those who perceived the exam to be distant. The role of motivation and subjective temporal distance on planning fallacy, and their implication for future research were discussed.
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SPECIAL ISSUE: Social psychological approach to regional environmental problem
Original Articles
  • Developing a Scenario-Questionnaire Method to evaluate residents' evaluations of environmental attributes: The case of Lake Shumarinai watershed in Hokkaido
    Motohiko Nagata, Takahito Yoshioka, Chifune Okawa
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 170-179
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.170
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    In this study, the Scenario-Questionnaire Method, a new questionnaire survey method utilized in public participation processes in environmental development, was developed and implemented. This method provides respondents with natural scientific information on changes in environmental attributes arising from environmental modifications such as logging, and it estimates the respondents' evaluation of such changes, as well as their preference for overall changes through conjoint analysis. The method was developed through collaboration between natural and social science experts. The field site for this research was the Lake Shumarinai watershed located in Horokanai town, Hokkaido, Japan. The Scenario-Questionnaire was conducted in October and November of 2007 in Horokanai town, and 163 responses (56.3%) were obtained from the townspeople. The results indicated that the prime concern of the people was "water quality deterioration," while the second most important concern was "decrease in plant biomass and diversity". The results also suggested that the townspeople prefer an environmental modification plan that does not have much impact on the above two attributes. Finally, possible contributions of the method to public participation process in environmental development were discussed.
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  • Design and practice of re-constructing a familiarized environment: The DATA HANDAI Project
    Hitoshi Kobayashii, Tomohide Atsumi, Chikahiro Hanamura, Naoki Honma
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 180-193
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.180
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In order to reconstruct the social representations of a community, we designed and conducted a project at Osaka University as a research field. In order to reconstruct the social representations (Moscovici, 1984) of the familiarized environment, we made use of a technique called "ex-formation" (Hara, 2005) which informed people of the fact that they did not know what they thought they knew. We designed the DATA HANDAI project (DHP) as an example of ex-formation: HANDAI is an abbreviation for Osaka University in Japanese. The project focused on information which students, teachers and office staff of the university were familiar with. The project made them realize how much they were not aware of regarding the different parts of the campus. It also demonstrated how they were uninformed about the uniqueness of their campus. The participants of the DHP were observed to have changed their remarks.
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  • The effects of goal intentions and perception of the continuity of commons on residents' environmentally-conscious behavior: The decision-making process of the residents of the coastal area of Lake Biwa for the preservation of the local environment
    Junzo Kato, Hiroshi Nonami
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 194-204
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.194
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    The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of two particular types of goal intentions (local-environment focused and environmental-problem focused), and the perception of the continuity of the commons on environmentally conscious behavior. A questionnaire was administered to 335 residents living in the coastal area of Lake Biwa. Structural equation modeling revealed that the environmental-problem focused goal intention influenced behavioral intentions to a greater extent, especially personal behavioral intention. On the other hand, the local-environment focused goal intention influenced the environmental-problem focused goal intention, as well as indirectly influencing behavioral intentions. Perception of the continuity of the commons influenced both types of goal intentions as well as behavioral intentions. These results suggest that it is important to arouse perception of the continuity of the commons to encourage environmentally-conscious behavior among residents.
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  • A comparison of trust between ordinary residents and those most affected by the red clay issue in Okinawa: Determinants of trust and acceptance of environmental policy
    Kazuya Nakayachi, Hiroshi Nonami, Junzo Katoh
    2010 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 205-216
    Published: 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.49.205
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    In the present research we compared trust in risk managers between ordinary residents and local fishermen who suffered damage from the red clay which flows into the sea from Ginoza village in Okinawa. We hypothesized that the group most concerned with the environmental issue would trust a risk manager who seemed to share the same values, while the general public would trust a risk manager who seemed to be competent and honest. Two hundred and thirty-three ordinary residents and 72 members of a fishing cooperative participated in the questionnaire survey. The results of multiple regression analyses largely supported the hypothesis. In addition, the relationship between trust and policy acceptance was found to be stronger for ordinary residents than the concerned group. Implications of these findings on the practice of risk management were discussed.
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