All issues
Volume 51 (2011 - 201･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 69-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 51, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Original Articles
-
Chihiro Kawanishi2011 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to explore the differences in structural traits of cognitive representations of desirable and undesirable faces. An experiment was conducted in which 92 female college students participated. Participants were given four targets (two with a desirable, and two with an undesirable face), with which they rated the likelihood of each target engaging in 15 behaviors (five each of positive, negative, and neutral). Results indicated that the likelihood of someone with a desirable face acting positively was rated higher than someone with an undesirable face acting negatively. Furthermore, multidimensional Scaling (ALSCAL) indicated that a more intricate relationship between positive behaviors for desirable face was evident, relative to between negative behaviors for undesirable face.
View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Takumi Watanabe, Kaori Karasawa, Mizuka Ohtaka2011 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research examined what determines the preference for family care versus public, in relationship to psychological attitudes. Three-hundred and thirty-one adults participated in a questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling revealed that the awareness of family care was a significant predictor of the preference for both family and public care. From the perspective of a care-receiver, preference for family care impeded that for public care, suggesting people make selective judgments in their choice of care takers. Worries about burdening family members for care lead to preference for public care, as well as an affirmative attitude toward spending taxes on care. Those who did not feel indebtedness were not likely to recognize a caregiver's burden, perhaps because they do not feel any obligation for reciprocity, and they were not as committed toward public care. Finally, the relationships between care preference and attitude toward care policy, and the roles of psychological attitudes were discussed.
View full abstractDownload PDF (347K) -
Saya Yamanaka, Toshikazu Yoshida2011 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 21-31
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS"Agari" is a negative arousal state which impedes performance when under pressure. This study investigated whether audience feedback affects the intensity of negative arousal and task performance when a person is in the "agari" state. This study also considered trait empathy, including perspective-taking and sensitiveness to environmental stimuli. A 2 (feedback: positive/negative) × 2 (trait empathy: high/low) design experiment was employed. Participants were asked to read aloud an essay without making mistakes (e.g., choking, miscues, fillers etc.) in front of two confederates who gave non-verbal feedback (e.g., by nodding or shaking their heads). ANOVA revealed that positive feedback from the confederates resulted in lower negative arousal, and those with high trait empathy experienced higher negative arousal than those with low, when negative feedback was given. Further, negative arousal was found to be related to task performance. These results suggest that audience feedback affects "agari" and the individual's apprehension toward negative evaluation by others, as well as trait empathy, including perspective-taking on top of sensitivity to feedback from others.
View full abstractDownload PDF (363K)
Short Articles
-
Shunsuke Uehara, Shingo Funaki, Ken-ichi Ohbuchi2011 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 32-42
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnger plays a crucial role in relationships, often signifying the violation of relational norms, such as neglect of responsibility in meeting a partner's needs. From this perspective, people would likely experience more anger when someone close neglects their needs compared to someone distant. Assuming that anger toward perceived norm violations are moderated by situational variables, the present study investigated two hypotheses: the effects of relationship closeness would be observed only when relationship-specific needs are neglected (Hypothesis 1); and they would be observed only when participants did not convey to the other what they wanted (Hypothesis 2). In a questionnaire study involving role-taking, 75 university students were presented randomly one of four sets of scenarios varied by intimacy of the target (close, distant) and conveyance of needs (conveyed, unconveyed). Each set included scenarios depicting specific and non-specific needs which were neglected. After reading each scenario, participants rated the intensity of anger they would experience. The results supported Hypothesis 1, but not Hypothesis 2, suggesting that anger directed toward someone close is egoistic.
View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Ryota Tsukawaki, Hiromi Fukada, Masataka Higuchi2011 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 43-51
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe process in which expression of humor affects mental health was examined. A model was constructed based on the assumption that the expression of three types of humor promotes a humorous emotional state in the actor, and facilitates the attainment of social support from surrounding people. Thus, we proposed that these two variables affect the mental health of the person expressing humor. A covariance structural analysis was conducted, indicating that the expression of playful and self-degrading humor decreased anxiety through attainment of social support from surrounding others, while the expression of playful humor lead to a decrease in anxiety by evoking humorous emotion. Conversely, the expression of aggressive humor increased anxiety by hindering social support attainment. The above results suggest that the process through which humor affects mental health differs with the type of humor expressed.
View full abstractDownload PDF (323K) -
Kengo Nawata, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi2011 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 52-63
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen an outgroup member engages in conflictive behavior toward an ingroup member, other ingroup members may resort to retaliation toward outgroup members. This phenomenon is called intergroup vicarious retribution. Using a laboratory experiment, this study examined whether this retribution occurs in an ad hoc group. We allotted the winner of a one-on-one match to impose a fine on the loser, in order to manipulate and measure aggression. In the intergroup condition, the participants were informed that an outgroup member had imposed a fine on an ingroup member during the previous game, while in the control group condition, participants were not informed about any group membership. The results demonstrated that the participants imposed a larger fine on the loser (an outgroup member who did not induce any fines during the previous game) in the intergroup condition than in the control condition for both Study 1 and 2. In Study 2, this fine was found to be predicted by retaliatory motivation, but the average retaliatory motivation was not high. We concluded that intergroup vicarious retribution can be initiated even in an ad hoc laboratory experiment group.
View full abstractDownload PDF (522K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|