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Volume 53 (2013 - 201･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 81-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 53, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Satoko Yuo, Toshikazu Yoshida2013 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPunitive measures are often meted out to deter inconsiderate public behavior. However, punishment may prompt a negative reaction from the person engaging in such behavior. Therefore, it has little long-term effect. This study examined whether a reward could deter inconsiderate public behavior. As a form of reward, the effect of a favor was explored because it was considered to be an action that could maintain a relationship between the receiver and the giver and have a long-term effect. We expected that the granting of a favor would invoke the norm of reciprocity, which implies that people should return the favor, and would thus deter inconsiderate public behavior. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with 153 students. Results showed that participants who received a favor were more willing to refrain from inconsiderate public behavior compared to those who did not, only when they were highly evoked the norm of reciprocity. Implications for deterring inconsiderate public behavior by giving a favor are discussed.
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Short Articles
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Yuko Shiraiwa, Kaori Karasawa2013 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 12-21
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, citizen judge system and active participation in the trial by victims of crime (VP) were introduced to the criminal justice system, warranting more research on the legal decision-making process of lay people. This study examined whether the victim participant type (the victim's father vs. mother vs. lawyer), his or her expressed emotion (anger vs. sadness vs. no expression), and people's attitudes to VP influence their judgment with respect to the length of sentence. Some 171 students participated in a mock trial, and were subjected to a statements presented by the victim participant. ANOVA revealed that the type of victim participant, and emotion expressed had no effects on the judgment. The mock judges showed an asymmetric perception, while their attitudes to VP influenced their sentencing judgments through speculated impact on self. That is, a person who opposes VP see the victim's statements as having a smaller impact on him or herself, and considered the defendant as deserving a more lenient punishment. Suggestions for future research on the determination of the punishment were discussed.
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Masanori Ishimori, Takuya Okamoto, Junzo Kato2013 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 22-29
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to develop a short version of the Community Consciousness Scale to improve convenience for research. Data from 392 respondents were collected (mean age: 40.9 years10.6, male: 50.3%, female: 49.7%) for the development of this short version. The measure was composed of four subscales, including solidarity, self-determination, attachment, and dependency on others, with three items each. These items were selected according to the results of exploratory factor analysis of the original version in our earlier work, in which those having consistently high factor loadings on the same subscale were selected. Further exploratory factor analysis conducted in this study showed that the short version had essentially the same factor structure as the original. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate goodness of fit. We therefore concluded that the short version of the Community Consciousness Scale was suitable as a measure of the construct of Community Consciousness, using fewer items.
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Takuya Yoshida, Satomi Nakatsugawa2013 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 30-37
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelational goal is a fundamental antecedent to interpersonal conflict management. However, previous research have failed to clarify how relational goal influences conflict strategies. Some confirmed positive relationships between relational goal and integration which is an effective way to solve interpersonal conflict, and some reported negative relationships between these variables. The present study aimed at resolving this inconsistency based on approach-avoidance goal orientation. Approach-based relational goal was predicted to promote integration and domination, while avoidance-based relational goal was predicted to promote obligation and avoidance. Results supported these hypotheses. In addition, intimacy and status was expected to be social context indices influencing the choice of conflict management. Approach-based relational goal mediated positive relationships between intimacy and integration. Status had no effects on relational goals. The role of feedback expectation for conflict management decision was discussed.
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Naomi Tabaru, Ryo Misawa, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi2013 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 38-51
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to determine the qualities of effective communication within work teams. Face-to-face communication between members of a team was measured through special equipment. Work teams of computer system engineers were observed and recorded over a period of ten weeks, using both quantitative and qualitative network indicators of communications. The relationships between these indicators and teamwork, job satisfaction, group identification, and group performance were examined. The results of analysis of nine teams, comprising a total of 59 members revealed that frequent and intimate communication did not guarantee good teamwork. Results also suggested that the relationship between teamwork and team communication varied with the developmental stage of the team, along with the qualities of individual tasks, and task familiarity.
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Review
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Emergence and escalation of intergroup conflict: A review and future directives in social psychologyKengo Nawata2013 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages 52-74
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: September 03, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies of intergroup conflict in social psychology were reviewed and discussed. Intergroup conflict was examined through three perspectives which focus on the concept of group. The first perspective was "formation of ingroups", and examined the effect of ingroup identification and intragroup processes between ingroup members. The second perspective, "perception of outgroups", discussed how the outgroup is recognized as an opponent in intergroup conflict, resulting in aggression or discrimination against them. The third perspective, "interaction between ingroup and outgroup", explained escalation of conflict in intergroup interaction. Finally, the three perspectives were integrated, and future directives of intergroup conflict studies in social psychology were discussed.
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