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Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Index
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Index
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Shigeru MIYAGAWA
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
181-185
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Aya YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
187-196
Published: February 20, 2006
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The extent of e-Learning in Japanese universities has been compared to that of the U. S. and it has been explained that e-Learning in Japan has been less spread. The aim of this article is to examine the differences between institutions which practice e-Learning and those which do not, in terms of institutional policy such as objectives, plans or strategies, evaluations of practices, and future perspectives. As the result of the analysis, the objectives, plans, and evaluations are determinant factors of promoting e-Learning, although long range strategies and future perspectives of informatization are not necessary regarded as factors. The cycle from objectives to evaluation through plan, specifically teaching-learning process is important.
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Katsuaki SUZUKI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
197-205
Published: February 20, 2006
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Instructional Design (ID) has captured attention in Japan through the advancement of e-Learning, while specialist education and certification schemes are not satisfactory for corporate and higher education scenes. The goal of ID is to make instruction more effective, efficient, and appealing. ADDIE model represents general processes of e-Learning materials and systems, which deals not only with the design, but also techniques for needs analysis, development, implementation, and evaluation. Many ID models for the design phase have been proposed, based on learning psychology, so as to determine building blocks of instruction and strategies for facilitating learning. Design of e-Learning should take into account both solutions by teaching and by not teaching.
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Kazaru YAEGASHI, Satoshi KITAMURA, Shinichi HISAMATSU, Shunsuke SAKAI, ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
207-216
Published: February 20, 2006
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The purpose of this study is the development and evaluation of the iPlayer, an interactive streaming video player for use in e-learning. iPlayer is an interactive system. Differing from the conventional streaming player, iPlayer enables the learner to not only give feedback on a lecture but also see the responses given by the other learners who viewed the lecture. As the result of the evaluation of iPlayer, it was confirmed that iPlayer makes the learner feel the other learners' existence and the satisfaction rating to e-learning improved. And, it is suggested that the use of iPlayer can give good effects to the collaborative learning in e-learning. By developing this study, we expect that there can be the possibility of a new field of study that the studies of lecture video distribution that had been treated independently in the past tied to the CSCL studies.
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Maomi UENO, Mari UENO, Minetaka SOUMA, Keita TSUTSUMI, Hiroyuki YAMASH ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
217-229
Published: February 20, 2006
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Four years have passed since Nagaoka University of Technology started to provide e-Learning courses as formal courses. The university is providing 77 courses and the number of students of e-learning becomes more than 400 in 2004, and this is the domestic maximum scale. This paper proposes an original management method of decreasing teachers' load and administrators' load without lowering the learners' satisfaction even if the scale of the e-learning activity is expanded. The features of the management are as follows: 1. development of an e-learning practice model which enhances autonomous learning with knowledge creation, 2. utilization of a learning management system (LMS) with an intelligent agent which advices learners using data mining of learning log-data, 3. an utilization of an automatic on-line registration system, 4. an utilization of a contents authoring support system which supports development of e-learning contents, and 5. an utilization of a distance management system which enables several administrators to install the e-learning contents to the server from distance places. It is shown to be able to achieve the improvement of expansion of the scale of e-learning without lowering learner's satisfaction rating while decreasing the load of the administrators and the teachers, and shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Yoshihiro FUKUNAGA, Tsukasa HIRASHIMA, Akira TAKEUCHI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
231-238
Published: February 20, 2006
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In many of the e-Learning systems in common use, the system provides support by identifying a specific learner from his or her learning history. However, this learning history includes things like the instructional material, access time for instructional material frames, and the rate of learning progress. There is a problem because it is impossible to comprehend the learning activities of the learner with respect to the instructional material content by examining the learning history. Then we developed a Learning Support System to act as an index to aid in promotion of the reading comprehension learning activity and reduce the load on learners, we analyzed the "Underlining Data" performed by the learners. This system works by having the learner underline the instructional material content, and then recording it. The data show that the learners rate of system usage and instructional material comprehension increase by receiving feedback on their underlining activities and its learning effect.
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Takeshi MATSUDA, Nobuyuki HONNA, Hiroshi KATO
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
239-250
Published: February 20, 2006
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The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a mentoring guideline for mentors working for an e-Learning course in higher education. The guideline that describes organized mentoring activities, specified Dropout Triggering Events and appropriate level of each activity was developed and utilized by mentors of a formal and credit-granted e-Learning course. The results indicate reaction interval from mentors became shorter and impression of students with mentors was improved.
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Kenji MATSUURA, Kazuhide KANENISHI, Yasuo MIYOSHI, Yoneo YANO
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
251-259
Published: February 20, 2006
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E-Learning system should offer the total learning space that presents preparation, in-class learning and review opportunities. Keeping coherence is very important to reflect mutually on each learning process according to the prior learning activities. For example, in-class learning materials in this proposal provide awareness information about results in the preparing activity. Hence, this paper describes the simple but strong model for reflective e-Learning environment providing awareness information of a learner's weak points. This paper also touches upon the development for an original e-Learning system, which implements a pre-/post- test and their simple diagnosing architecture. This functionality is easy to implement using colored icon for each slide material. Using the prototype system, a simulative lecture has been performed. Through this experimental use, some interesting result indicates this model and the development are useful for the effectiveness of learners' knowledge acquisition.
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Ritsuko OSHIMA, Jun OSHIMA, Taku ISHIYAMA, Ryosuke HORINO
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
261-270
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The paper reports formative assessment on a CSCL-based learning environment designed for a university program. As a framework for the assessment, we use relationships among users, tools, and tasks. By describing examples of discourse by mentors at meetings, we discuss how we can formatively assess and improve the learning environment.
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Norifumi MASHIKO, Ayako KAWAKAMI, Yusuke MORITA, Naoto SONE
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
271-280
Published: February 20, 2006
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In this study, we developed a new type of distance learning resources for school teachers who were distance learners of graduate school for in-service training. We set up "inference tasks" in process of WBL. In this task, learners are presented a practical case that is the solution of a problem in a certain school (e.g., a photo of learning material developed by one teacher with some intentions), and are requested to reason about the meaning or effect of the case and to present a short report about it. Those inference tasks were expected to be effective in reflecting learners' various experience on learning process and in keeping learners' highly-motivated learning. We call this type of resources "a prior-inference task of resources". Test courses were generally evaluated as useful by on-campus school teachers. However, it was also suggested that an inference activity was more effective in the case of presenting simple information than that of complicated one.
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Kohji SHINO, Shigeru NARITA
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
281-288
Published: February 20, 2006
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This study reports the original groupware design and development which are used for online learning and teaching in higher education institutions and schools. The authors took into consideration the possibility of flexible modifications as per the context and students' needs in the system design called GETA. Therefore, this Web Based system was envisaged. The system not only allows better communication and collaborative study platform, but we also aimed that the system keeps user's history and planned that these information can be retrieved as and when required in order to support students using a database system.
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Toshihisa NISHIMORI, Hiroshi KATO, Toshio MOCHIZUKI, Kazaru YAEGASHI, ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
289-297
Published: February 20, 2006
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This paper describes development of a Web-based application for Project Based Learning (PEL) in higher education. The application referred to as ProjectBoard (PB) is developed to encourage learners taking a view of their PEL through sharing status and outputs of the activity among learners and groups. The evaluation in an undergraduate course shows that the students use PB actively for their work, and feel good toward PB. The analysis reveals that PB is effective to grasp and reexamine task sharing in PEL.
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Kiyoshi NAKABAYASHI, Akihito NAKAMURA, Toshimasa YOSHIOKA, Takako SAGA ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
299-307
Published: February 20, 2006
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An online testing system compliant to QTI (Question and Test Interoperability) specification has been developed. It is possible to customize the system by adding the plug-in modules to test processing phases: "item selection", "presentation", "response processing", and "evaluation". An experimental assessment evaluating usability and performance indicates that the system can be practically used.
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Junko NEMOTO, Katsuaki SUZUKI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
309-318
Published: February 20, 2006
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This paper describes Goal-based Scenario (GBS) as an instructional design theory for developing scenario-based e-Learning materials, and Case-based Reasoning, a descriptive learning theory, as the basis of GBS. Schank's example was translated to show the seven principles of the theory. GBS checklist was then proposed to check existing materials as to how much of GBS principles have been adopted. GBS checklist was formatively evaluated using two examples, and revised accordingly. It was found that GBS checklist enables the designer to have clearer understanding of the material's strengths and weaknesses.
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Takuya KATASE, Hiroh YAMAMOTO, Kouichi MUTSUURA, Shinjiro OSHITA
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
319-328
Published: February 20, 2006
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Instructional design theory has built the instruction model which realizes better study environment, inside where study theory changes to behaviorism, cognitive principle, constructivism and social constructivism. However in recent years, the techniques used for instruction design are complicated. Therefore the instructional designer's load becomes large, because of groping for optimum combination of these techniques to make best study environment. Moreover, in order to answer various needs in education, it is necessary to design the instruction method together with colleague instructors and students taking advantage of practical experiences of them. In this research, the instructional design method was developed for the school education based on the view of knowledge management. This method has two instructional design features, designing together among instructors and designing to eclectic appropriately and efficiently the several techniques of study theory. Next, after designing the lesson by this method, validity evaluation of the study effect based on cognitive principle was carried out about the lesson which includes e-learning. As a result, the lesson elements were confirmed to be appropriately eclectic and responding to student's needs in education.
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Tatsuya HORITA, Jun TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
329-338
Published: February 20, 2006
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We developed a Japanese keyboarding training and certification system for elementary school children. First we consulted with the experienced elementary school teachers who have conducted advanced study on keyboarding for children and then designed 30 steps to learn Japanese keyboarding. We designed a web application system with a story like that of a role-playing game. For two months from May 2003, the system was evaluated through a trial with 1,897 children from 19 elementary schools, and then adjusted the system prior to the official launch. The system was formally opened from September 2003. In March 2004, it was used by 52,326 Japanese children. Subjects ranged from third graders, the largest number of registrants, to sixth graders; according to analysis of training logs, this system improved the speed and accuracy of Japanese keyboarding by elementary school students.
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Manabu NAKAMURA, Tomoyuki TAGUMA, Hidehiro KANNO, Motohiro TAMAI, Nori ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
339-347
Published: February 20, 2006
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This paper proposes a learning support method for schoolchildren and an instruction support method for teachers in a keyboard lesson system. In recent years, computers are introduced to elementary schools and all children use keyboards. However, the guidance for touch typing isn't established in elementary schools and teachers are adopting original guidance methods. Furthermore, there are few systems that are designed for elementary schools, although many systems are sold. We constructed a keyboard lesson system for schoolchildren. The evaluation of this system is given in this paper.
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Munenori KAKEHI, Tetsuo YAMADA, Michiya TAKAHASHI, Ichie WATANABE
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
349-358
Published: February 20, 2006
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The collaborative learning by e-Learning is suitable for the education method of learning the manufacturing process. We developed collaborative learning "Production System Design" by e-Learning. First, we arrange the feature and the class form of the collaborative learning that uses e-Learning. Second, it proposes the design method of the collaborative learning. Finally, we discuss the effect of the collaborative learning of e-learning of the manufacturing process.
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Hitoshi SESHIMO, Akimichi TANAKA, Mina MARUYAMA, Hideo SUZUKI, Tokiich ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
359-369
Published: February 20, 2006
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By using information technology, it has become possible to get large amount of learning histories. However, it is still difficult to use them effectively. We propose a technique for abstracting each learner's learning history and visualizing the result as a process of learning activities representing the feature of learner's behavior. This technique makes it possible to show the feature of learning activity, not by getting into the contents of learning.
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Takahiro TAJIMA, Kazushige OKUDA
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
371-378
Published: February 20, 2006
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The purpose of this paper is to consider the method of economic analysis of small-scale e-learning. In the case of small-scale system, the initial cost is an important because a budget and personnel are often limited. We proposed a practical method and analyzed the initial cost under the following relationship; (1) course cost and lifetime of a course; (2) system cost and lifetime of a system;
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Katuhiro KANAMORI, Iwao KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
379-386
Published: February 20, 2006
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In this paper, the authors reported on the e-learning system using mobile videophones to advance visiting education for students with impairments who could not attend school regularly because of those impairments. The system was based on a mobile videophone in a classroom and another phone in the student's home. The student communicated with the teacher and classmates using the phone. Thereby, the student participated in the class. In the experimental use, the system was implemented in a school and in a home of a student who had been received visiting education. The student was able to attend a science class and engage in discussion with teachers and classmates. Video tape data of the student's behavior in two class were analyzed and compared with two sessions in conventional visiting education. The ratio of positive to negative behavior in e-learning was higher than that in conventional visiting education. These results showed the system's educational effectiveness. On the other hand, system problems related with sounds and system operation, and good planning of presentation were pointed out as future problems.
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Rihoko INOUE
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
387-394
Published: February 20, 2006
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This paper proposes a model of streaming content delivery and utilization for educational purpose. Extracting main functions realized in existing digital content delivery and utilization systems, the author aggregates these functions and adds two functions which are helpful in balancing the interests of copyright holders and users of streaming content. One is a function which allows copyright holders to figure out their content status information.: e.g., when or how many times their contents are used. The other function allows the copyright holders to request the user a small charge for the short time streaming content (called streaming learning object module in this paper). In addition, interpreting the copyright law, this paper describes that streaming corresponds to "interactive transmission" while downloading involves both "interactive transmission" and "reproduction". Compared with other types of digital content delivery, more practical agreement between copyright holders and users can be made.
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Takashi FUJIKI, Yusuke MORITA, Byungdug JUN, Sangsoo LEE, Kenzi WATANA ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
395-404
Published: February 20, 2006
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In this paper, distance classes were practiced in order to realize a collaborative class which included discussions between middle schools of Japan and South Korea. For the sake of these classes, three venues which were two points for each students and the chair man/translator's point were connected using DVTS which enabled high quality video/audio transmission. In these classes, after the exchange type class the collaborative class was executed through the discussion about using the electric power energy and dreaming electric power generation as the theme "Let's think about the future energy beyond the sea". Then the collaborative class, the network traffic, the quality of transmitted movie, the environment for assisting communication and the transmission delay were evaluated. Consequently, the following results were obtained. Firstly, distance class was practiced using the high quality movie and the translation chat system, the Web-GIS material between middle schools of Japan and South Korea. About the subjective evaluation, this class work was obtained high score of the availability by learners and teachers, observation students. Then between Fukuoka and Nagasaki, stable connection was enabled but the network band width was not acquired enough between Fukuoka and Gwangju. About picture quality evaluation for the face-to-face type, the value of PQR was from 2.4 to 3.4 between Fukuoka and Nagasaki, and the value of PQR was from 9.1 to 13.5 between Fukuoka and Gwangju. Additionally, the translation chat system and the Web-GIS material were effective for this class. Lastly, influence of the transmission delay was without particular distinction because of using the translator and the arrangement of speaking.
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Yuya TANAKA, Kenji INOUE, Junko NEMOTO, Katsuaki SUZUKI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
405-413
Published: February 20, 2006
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This paper provides functional comparison of open-source Content Mangement System (CMS) for Japanese universities. Eight CMSs (exCampus, CEAS, Moodle, Claroline, Atutor, XOOPS, SITEDEV, GSGLOG) were used to create an e-Learning site for a seminar at a university. Based on the experiences, comparison chart was created to evaluate various aspects of CMS, including usability in Japanese language environment and breadth of educational functions. CMS selection support Web site was created with examples, advices, and selection support.
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Mana TAGUCHI, Aya YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
415-423
Published: February 20, 2006
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The questionnaire survey was conducted to reveal the particularities of e-Learning courses through Japanese Universities. Our analysis shows that most e-Learning courses in Japan aim to enrich the quality of on-campus education, while not offering alternative opportunities to study for those who cannot attend a university facility. We questioned what conducting these types of e-Learning programs solved; and studied the problem by dividing the subjects into two categories: (a) institutions which have offered e-Learning courses before, and (b) institutions which have never experienced it. We found that both groups show difficulties having budget and manpower resources, and teachers' IT skills. The institutions offering e-Learning courses did not have problems keeping the quality of e-Learning courses, mostly because current e-Learning classes offered blended face to face communication. Finally, Japanese universities conduct e-Learning not to enlarge educational opportunity, but to enrich the quality of education.
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Hiroyuki MITSUHARA, Takaaki NOSE, Yasuo MIYOSHI, Hiroaki OGATA, Yoneo ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
425-434
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Our e-Learning, which takes a class-centered approach and supports comprehensive learning, has been practiced with our proprietary WBT e-Learning system. The system has the following characteristics; (1) credits are granted by participation in e-Learning, (2) various statuses of students can participate in e-Learning and (3) video-based teaching materials are provided on demand. Through the practice, we obtained data that shows our e-Learning can provide as much effect as learning in a classroom.
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Kazuo UMEMURA, Tsukasa HIRAMORI, Hiroaki TOBARI, Masayuki NAGAI, Masah ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
435-440
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Masaru OHSAKU
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
441-446
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages
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