In vitro experiments were conducted to ascertain the inhibitory effects of various teas produced using different methods on sucrase activity. In addition, the suppressive effects of manufactured teas on hyperglycemia were ascertained by portal vein catheterization using rats. The respective efficacies of the various teas on inhibiting sucrase activity were the greatest in green tea, followed by oolong tea, pu-erh tea and black tea. The IC₅₀ of each tea was 0.62, 1.03, 3.01 and 4.41, respectively. In rats with catheterized portal veins, green tea had the strongest suppressive effect on hyperglycemia, followed by oolong tea while black tea and pu-erh tea did not suppress hyperglycemia. Furthermore, in order to clarify the effects associated with different degrees of fermentation, green tea from Sri Lanka was oxidized using laccase. The results revealed that the prolong of the oxidation time decrease the suppressive effect on sucrase activity or hyperglycemia. Furthermore, even when microbial fermentation was performed as in the case of pu-erh tea, the suppressive effects of tea on sucrase activity or hyperglycemia were decreased. The differences in the efficacy of various teas with respect to suppressing hyperglycemia are thus due to the changes in tea polyphenol composition caused by fermentation.

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肝機能低下時の食酢摂取の影響について検討するため、ラット肝障害モデルを対象とし、肝臓の組織所見および肝障害関連血中成分等を指標に評価した。約1ヶ月間、四塩化炭素を週2回注射して肝障害モデルラットを作成し、その後28日間、肝障害状態を維持しながら酢酸を混餌した飼料を自由摂取させた。その結果、体重増加量平均摂餌量、肝重量および肝重量/屠体重比の酢酸投与による統計的有意差はなかった。血液生化学検査や病理組織学的検査の各指標によっても、四塩化炭素肝障害動物への酢酸投与による統計的有意差は認められず、酢酸の摂取は肝障害に影響しないものと考えられた。

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A method based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed as the Japanese official standard method for the quantitative analysis of approved genetically modified (GM) maize by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF). MHLW also defines three methods to extract genomic DNA used as analytes in the real-time PCR method. These three DNA extraction methods include a method using a silica-gel membrane kit (mini method), a silica-based resin type kit (WIZARD method), and the method using a buffer containing cetyltrimethylammmonium bromide (CTAB method). On the other hand, the DNA extraction method using a larger size silica-gel membrane kit (MAXI method), which was employed in collaborative studies to evaluate the performance of the real-time PCR method, has been identified by MAFF for the same purpose. However, the influence of the DNA extraction methods on the GM maize quantitative value using the real-time PCR method has not been demonstrated. Therefore, genomic DNA was extracted from the mixed flour-sample containing a known amount of MON810 and GA21 line, according to four different DNA extraction methods, and analyzed by the real-time PCR method with the aim of examining the influence of the extraction methods on the GM maize quantitative value.

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The effects of safflower red or yellow pigments on serum and hepatic lipids, and the organic acid level in cecum, were investigated in rats. The serum total cholesterol (TC) content in the red pigment supplied group was lower than those in the control group, but the serum HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipide (PL) contents were almost the same among the both groups. The contents of hepatic TC, TG and PL in the red pigment supplied group were lower than those in the yellow supplied pigment group and the control group. The fecal excretion of TC in the red pigment supplied group was significantly higher than those in the yellow pigment supplied group and the control group. The amounts of cecal lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the red pigment supplied group diet were significantly increased when compared to the control group. The cecal isobutyric acid level was decreased in the red and yellow pigment supplied groups.

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Normal and himodori kamaboko were prepared from cultured red seabream (Pagrus major), by two step heating and 60℃ heating (5h, 9h and 20h), respectively, and the samples were analyzed by rheological, electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting methods. Normal kamaboko showed the highest breaking strength and gel-strength values (over 1050 g and 1250 g/cm² respectively) while a continuous decrease was observed with increasing heating time (with aprox. 600 g and 300 g/cm² respectively for the 20 h heating samples). The electron micrographs showed an equal distribution of black and grey areas in the normal kamaboko, while in the himodori kamaboko, an increased particle aggregation was noticed from the 5 h heated sample; moreover, for the 9 h and 20 h samples, an increasing white area was observed, been more evident in the last one. SDS-PAGE results showed a conjugated myosin heavy chain (MHC) in the normal kamaboko, and a continuous decrease in the bands was evident with increasing heating time at 60℃. The anti-MHC activity showed two bands in the normal kamaboko, while these decreased with increasing heating time. The anti-actin activity revealed a continuous decrease of the actin band and an increase of lower molecular protein bands. The anti-α-actinin activity bands showed only a slight decrease with heating time when compared to normal kamaboko. The results suggest the occurrence of an important digestion of myosin and actin in himodori kamaboko when compared with the two step method.

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A new phenylethanoid glycoside, 6'''-O-acetylpersicoside, was isolated from the hairy root cultures of Hemiphragma heterophyllum (Scrophulariaceae). The chemical structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic analyses. This compound, suggesting the close relationship among Hemiphragma, Veronica and Aragoa, seemed to be an important secondary metabolite for the chemotaxonomic study of Scrophulariaceae. With the application of various tissue cultures, H. heterophyllum would be a new resource plant for functional food products.

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