Seasonal and tissue specific variations of polyphenol concentration in Solidago altissima L. were investigated. In the leaf tissues, high concentration of chlorogenic acid (Sa-2) was observed in the spring season (March, April and May). On the other hand, in the summer season, the concentration of 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (Sa-7) increased showing the biosynthesis of Sa-7 from Sa-2 in this time. Polyphenol concentration in younger leaves was higher than that of aged leaves. Among various tissues (leaves, stems, roots and flowers) of this plant, the largest accumulation of polyphenols such as Sa-2, Sa-7 and flavonoid was observed in the flower tissues. S. altissima L. has a potential to become a new resource plant for polyphenol supplement.

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Epoxydized Soybean oil (ESBO) was determined for foods packed in glass jars closed by lids with a gasket. ESBO was found in 4 foods out of 21, at the concentration between 19 and 55mg/kg. Compositional ESBO was found in the gaskets of 15 products out of 21, at the concentration between 20.0 and 43.0%. The foods in which ESBO was found contained fat or oil at the level 2.9 to 13.0%. The fat or oil, whose chemical structures are similar to ESBO, probably promoted migration of ESBO from the gasket. Migration of ESBO reached up to 3200μg/cm² per food contact gasket surface area. Non-migration of ESBO into food from the 11 ESBO-containing gaskets was probably due to; 1. no fat (or oil) in food for 5 products which would promote migration, and 2. no food contact to the gasket for the rest 6 products. The latter was demonstrated by the lid-contact food which contained 43 times ESBO of the whole food in the glass jar. Compositional additives other than ESBO was found in the gaskets in which ESBO was not found, at the concentration similar to ESBO; diethylhexyl phthalate was found in the gasket of one product at the concentration of 33.2%, diisononylphthalate was found in one at 32.8%, diisodecylphthalate was found in two at 28.4 and 31.8%, tributyl acetyl citrate was found in one at 18.6% and acetyl fatty acid glycerides were found in the gaskets of 2 products at 25.3 and 30.5%. Acetyl fatty acid glycerides were found in the gaskets of 7 products toghther with other additives, at the concentration between 3.0 and 5.6%. Other than these additives, oleamide and/or erucamide was found in 18 products, at the concentration up to 2.1%.

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The influence of temperature on suppression of cadaveric stiffness and contraction ratio in the mantle muscle of the oval squid, preserved at 0 (storage in ice), 5, 10, 15, and 20℃ was investigated. The temperature dependence of myofibril (Mf) Mg²⁺-ATPase activity and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of the mantle muscles of instantaneously killed oval squid were also measured. The contracting percentages of the circular-shaped mantle muscles linearly increased during the initial phase at all temperatures, and then gradually increased. The minimum level of the velocity of contracting muscles showed at 10℃, followed by 15℃, 20℃, 5℃, and 0℃. Mf Mg²⁺-ATPase and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity of the muscles were increased with the increase in the reaction temperature. These phenomena are in contrast to change in the velocity of contracting muscles dependent on the storage temperature.

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We developed a mixing tea beverage containing resistant maltodextrin. In the present study, we investigated whether the beverage would suppress the postprandial elevation of serum triglyceride levels. A double-blinded crossover study was performed to assess the effects of the test beverage intake on postprandial serum triglyceride levels. Subjects were 50 healthy adults (serum triglyceride 100-250mg/dL). Subjects had test beverages with resistant maltodextrin or without resistant maltodextrin (placebo) with fat-rich meal (fat 40g). Blood samples were taken before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 hours after the food ingestion and serum triglyceride levels were measured. Intake of resistant maltodextrin beverage group significantly suppressed the level of serum triglyceride observed at 1, 2, 3, 6 hours after food ingestion as compared with that of the placebo (p<0.05). Also, a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the safety of excessive intake or long term intake of the beverage (20 subjects for long term intake, 40 subjects for excessive intake). In the long term intake trial or excessive intake trial, the subjects were divided into two groups; drinking beverage with resistant maltodextrin group or drinking beverage without resistant maltodextrin group. Subjects were given regular amount of beverage (resistant maltodextrin: 5g) a day for 12 weeks (long term intake trial), three times as much as regular amount of beverage a day for weeks (excessive intake trial). As a result, there were no clinical problems in the blood examinations and physical examinations on both trials. No adverse reactions were observed. These results suggested that intake of the resistant maltodextrin supplemented beverage suppresses postprandial serum triglyceride levels without any safety problem.

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On the quantitative analysis of pesticide residues by LC/MS or GC/MS, the standard samples of pesticides are essential. But most of their purities are not traceable to the International System of Units (SI) and it results in degrading the reliability of analysis data. Therefore, the SI-traceable quality control of pesticide standard samples will be most important. We are developing quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) as one of simple quality control methods that is able to determine the purities or contents with SI traceability. We demonstrated that qNMR was used for the purity determination of two standard samples of isoxathion oxon (IXO), an organophosphorus pesticide. The purities of the two samples were certificated by the manufacture as 96.9% and 98.9% which were calculated from the peak area percentages using GC/FID. On the qNMR spectrum, IXO showed the proton signals in the range of δ 1.0-8.0ppm, and the quantitation was performed by calculating the relative peak area ratios of selected proton signals of the target compound to the known purity and amount of the internal standard, hexadimethylsilane which was calibrated with SI-traceable diethyl phthalate. For this method no reference compound of IXO is needed. The purities of two IXO samples showed 75.4% and 98.5% by qNMR. The relative ratio of the two purities was equivalent to the ratio of IXO peak areas in the two samples observed by GC/MS. This result shows that qNMR does not only lead to SI-traceable purity, but it also will be a rapid and simple SI-traceable quality control method of any pesticides with overall analysis time of only 20min.

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シリカゲルに固定化したRhizopus niveus由来リパーゼによるオリーブオイルの加水分解反応をo/wエマルションの流動系で調べた。固定化反応はグルタルアルデヒドで活性化したシリカゲルとリパーゼとのカップリング反応によって行った。固定化リパーゼは基質であるエマルションに作用して脂肪酸を遊離することを阻害されたが、その酵素安定性は失活速度定数で評価すると約40%増加していた。遊離のリパーゼの場合とは異なり、固定化リパーゼの反応はエマルション粒子サイズには影響を受けなかった。オリーブオイル含量は固定化リパーゼの反応に影響を及ぼし、その適当な含量は10-25v/v%であった。

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