Since epidemiological investigations in Japan have shown that the number of patients with a crustacean allergy, such as allergy to shrimp/prawn and crabs, has been increased, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan has enforced the labeling of these crustaceans mandatory in June 2008. In this survey, the content of crustacean protein in 90 health foods was investigated using two kinds of ELISA kits for the detection of crustacean protein. Consequently, in the health foods which include the materials purified from crustacean such as chitosan and glucosamine, the crustacean protein was not detected. On the other hand, in the health foods which include insect materials such as the larvae of a bee and an ant, the protein which reacts to the ELISA kits for the detection of crustacean protein was detected with high frequency. In addition, we confirmed with the immunoblot analysis that the tropomyosin-like protein detected in the health foods which include insect materials can bind to IgE in serum of the patient with food allergy to crustacean. These findings suggest that those health foods might include crustacean tropomyosin-like protein and the protein might react to serum IgE antibody of the patient with food allergy to crustaceans.

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Agricultural products are major dietary sources of minerals, or trace elements. In this study, we measured the levels of inorganic elements in agricultural products available in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, from home-grown and store-bought vegetables to locally-harvested shiitake mushrooms, using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The present measurements focused on eight nutritionally essential elements (Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Na, and K), for which recommended intake levels have been established in Japan, and nine other elements (Al, Sc, Co, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, Cl, and Br). The data are summarized in Tables 6-8 by the type of vegetable. With regard to the nutrient elements, the measured values for each vegetable were compared to the reference values listed in the Japanese food composition tables (Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan, 5^th revised and enlarged edition, 2009; Kagawa Nutrition University Publishing Division). The measured values for several elements (e.g., Mg and Ca) were comparable to their reference values, and those for other nutrient elements were also approximated to the reference values. The Mn contents in the sampled green leaf vegetables were slightly lower than the reference values, while the Fe contents in certain types of vegetable differed markedly from the reference values over a range from less than 30%- to more than 3-fold. For most inorganic elements, including Fe, their levels in the produce varied quite widely both within and between the varieties of vegetable, with Maximum/Minimum value became 100 times or more for non-nutrient elements (e.g., Sc and Cs) that were usually found at an extremely low concentration (10^-3mgkg^-1). When examined in terms of food groups, leafy vegetables in the "green and yellow vegetables" group, particularly spinach, shungiku (Garland chrysanthemum), and mulukhiya, contained a larger amount of the nutrient and non-nutrient elements compared to the produce categorized in the "other vegetables" group such as daikon radish, burdock root, and fuki (Japanese butterbur). The Br content tended to be low in home-grown vegetables. Considering that the restriction of methyl bromide use was introduced shortly before the time of sample collection, the commercial vegetables analyzed in this study might contain a higher amount of Br residue compared to their home-grown, pesticide-free counterparts. The Fe content of spinach showed a strong positive correlation with the Sc and Al contents, suggesting that the three elements were transferred from soil, which abundantly contains them, and that a considerable variation in the levels of Fe, Sc, and other elements in produce could be attributed to the difference in the composition of soil in which the produce was grown. In shiitake mushrooms, which are known to accumulate an increased concentration of radioactive Cs (such as ¹³⁷Cs), the Cs level was specifically and markedly higher compared to other produce. similar results were obtained for Rb, and a strong positive correlation was noted between the Cs and Rb contents of shiitake mushrooms, suggesting that these elements may go through a similar process when they are transferred to the mushrooms. Contribution to the daily intake elements that depended in agricultural products was calculated from the result of the analytical value of agricultural products in this work and amount of farm products that Japanese woman takes in a day (2007). Potassium is the highest intake from agricultural products for Japanese amount of the dietary reference intakes. Hereafter, it was the order of Mg, Fe, Zn and Ca.

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This study aimed to compare the changes of ultrastructure and cytochemical Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (Mg²⁺-ATPase) activity between normal and burnt ordinary muscle model of cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). The burnt muscle samples showed markedly faster changes than the normal samples in physical analysis, color L^* and expressible water of burnt samples observed significantly higher than the ones in normal samples. The collapse of ultrastructure of myofibrillar filament, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nuclear in burnt samples was faster than in normal ones, especially the Z lines showed became discontinuous after 2h sotrage, although these ultrastructure had no remarkable differences after just being slaughtered. Mg²⁺-ATPase activity was found on A band, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and nuclear of the normal samples after just being slaughtered. Mg²⁺-ATPase activity in these organella could still be detected in the normal ones after 4h storage, however this activity decreased gradually in the burnt samples during storage.

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The purpose of this study was to develop low cost color indicators of temperature abuse in degree of frost. Indicator system based on the color change by pH change. When indicators were used for the system in the glycerin and the sodium hydrogencarbonate, they stabilized at -18℃, and warned after 12 hour at -10℃, after 4 hours at -5℃. When indicators were used for the system with Shewanella livingstonensis strain sk22, they warned after 24 hours at 12℃. As a result, it showed that the warning time can be adjusted by concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The warning time that is appropriate for frozen food could be set.

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Detection methods using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were developed to detect two lines of genetically modified (GM) rice that have not been approved as safe for use in foods in Japan. Two GM rice lines were Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice lines (Bt63 and NNBt) in which cry genes derived from Bt conjugated with a suitable plant expression promoter and terminator are transformed, expressing the Bt toxin protein confers a tolerance against insects. We designed primer pairs to detect the two lines of GM rice based on the common cry gene sequence. We also designed the primer pairs to specifically detect Bt63 and NNBt rice, respectively, on the sequences we had already clarified. The proposed method was applied to the detection of the two Bt rice lines in rice vermicelli and glutinous rice samples. We showed that the present conventional method was a reasonable assay for monitoring two Bt rice lines in processed rice products.

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α-、β-、γ-シクロデキストリン(CD)結合型カラムを用いて、緑茶カテキンの逆相系HPLCの溶出挙動を検討した。β-CDカラムを用いると50分以内に8種類の緑茶カテキンが分離し、保持時間の順序は(-)-epigallocatechin(EGC)<(-)-epicatechin(EC)<(-)-gallocatechin(GC)<(+)-catechin(C)<(-)-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCg)=(-)-epicatechin gallate(ECg)<(-)-gallocatechin gallate(GCg)<(-)-catechin gallate(Cg)となった。α-およびγ-CDカラムでは、保持時間が短くなり、分離度が低下した。1-adamantanolの移動性への添加効果を合わせて考えると、この結果は、カテキンのCDキャビティへの包接がクロマログラフィーの保持と分離に重要な働きをしていることを示している。保持時間の温度依存性から、van't Hoffの式に基づき熱力学的パラメーターを求めた。β-CDカラムのΔH⁰はγ-CDに比べ、すべてのカテキンに対してより低い値を与えた。

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It has recently been confirmed that the food chain has been consistently implicated as the principal means of tetrodotoxin (TTX) intoxication in many TTX bearing organisms inclusive of pufferfish. Accordingly, in net cage or land culture with non-toxic diet by preventing the invasion of TTX bearing organisms are non-toxic pufferfish produced on large scale. In this study, taking utilization of non-toxic liver of the pufferfish of the above as a delicious and safe material into account, non-toxicity was at first confirmed by culturing them with the non-toxic pellet feed consisting mainly of clupeidae fish meal in open system of circular aquarium. Subsequently, the lipid content and the composition of its fatty acid of the liver thus obtained were analyzed to characterize the nutrient and functional properties. Consequently, each liver consists similarly of about 70% lipid whose fatty acids are characteristic of rich functional components such as DHA and IPA, in 11.0-13.0% and 2.9-5.4% of the content respectively. These scores are higher than those of the liver of an anglerfish probably dependent on specifically high contents of functional fatty acids in the diet given. The seasonal variations of nutrient composition and contents each were not almost recognized.

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In this report, vitamin D receptor gene was selected as the heuristic method for genetic diagnosis in human subject. The DNA material was extracted from respective nail clippings. The survey included 56 females recruited in high school (16.7±1.35 years of age). Genotype was distributed between normal type (0.75) and mutant type (0.25), respectively, whereas all of the bone density measured were found to be in the range of normal state. Mutant type was further specified into both hetero Bb type (0.23) and homo BB type (0.02). Understanding the respective types of gene polymorphism in their adolescent stage allows students to improve and maintain healthy bone state.

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