The aim of this study was to develop indicators applying Maillard reaction. It would alarm the temperature abuse in cold food chain. D-xylose and glycine were selected as materials for Maillard reaction. Also K₂HPO₄ selected and added to Maillard reaction because it was necessary to accelerate the development of blue color under cold temperatures. The Indicator could warns by color development after 96 hours at 4℃. It warned earlier at higher temperatures. As a result, Maillard reaction which used D-xylose and glycine has been potential as an indicator to alarm temperature abuse of cold food chain.

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Test method of arsenic and test method of lead in detergent were established. Test method of arsenic content is as followed. Sample (fatty-acid type detergent: 5g, non-fatty-acid type detergent: 1g, detergent for automatic dish washer: 0.3g) was dissolved in 150mL of water. The sample solution (5mL) was passed ODS mini-column. The elution was made up to 10mL with water. The test solution and arsenic standard solution were added HCl and potassium iodide solution each 1mL, and measured by AAS or ICP equipped with hydride generator. Determination limits were 0.005μg/mL sample solution (as As₂O₃). Test method of lead content is as followed. Sample was dissolved in 120 mL of water. If this solution was alkalinity, the solution was neutralized with 2mol/L of nitric acid, then made up to 150 mL with water. The test solution was measured by AAS or ICP. Determination limits were 0.1μg/mL test solution. These test methods were very easy. Using these methods, the content levels in 10 products were determined. Arsenic and lead were not detected from all products.

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カットキャベツを次亜塩素酸ナトリウムにより殺菌処理したときに生成する消毒副生成物の生成影響因子について検討を行った。カットキャベツは、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム(100mg/L)単独あるいは、有機酸と共に10分間殺菌処理を行い、カットキャベツに残存する揮発性ハロゲン化合物をヘッドスペースガスクロマトグラフ質量分析装置で測定した。主要な副生成物としてクロロホルムが検出された。クロロホルムは、殺菌時間、pH、温度、初期次亜塩素酸ナトリウム濃度に依存して増加した。次亜塩素酸溶液を種々の無機酸及び有機酸と併用してもトリハロメタンは生成しないが、クエン酸は次亜塩素酸と反応し、クロロホルムを生成した。クロロホルム濃度は、次亜塩素酸・クエン酸混液の混和時間に対応して増加し、カット野菜の殺菌時間には影響しなかった。また、カット野菜に残存したクロロホルムは水洗浄により、水道水中のトリハロメタン濃度レベルまで減少した。

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A multiresidue method for the determination of pesticides in green tea was developed by modification of Japanese official method. In this method, a sample was allowed to swell in water before extraction with acetonitrile. After the removal of water by salting-out, the crude extract was passed through an ODS mini-column, and then purified by a tandemized graphitized carbon/primary secondary amine (PSA) mini-column and graphitized carbon mini-column, prior to the determination by LC-MS/MS. The recoveries of 135 compounds from fortified green tea after a spike at maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by Japan, were in the ranged from 70 to 106%, except for 15 compounds, and the relative standard deviations were within the required analytical performance criteria for pesticide residues in Japan. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of all the tested compounds were below MRLs set by Japan.

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During the course of our study on the borderline of pharmaceuticals to non-pharmaceuticals, the morphological features and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences in the nuclear rDNA of Sida plants and the crude drugs/health foods so called Sida products were investigated. As the results, we revealed that 7 of 11 products tested contained Sida plants and 3 products among them included the other plant material(s) together with Sida. The ITS sequences of Sida plants observed in this study were classified into 6 genotypes. One of them is identical with that of Sida fallax whereas the others had no identical sequence on the international nucleotide sequence databases. On the other hand, other species including Urena, Malva and Triumfetta plants of the family, Malvaceae were detected from 7 products. In field survey on Oahu Island, the state of Hawaii, USA, Malvaceus plants possessing a Sida like flower were observed at the same place together with Sida plant. This growing environment in field is likely to be one of the reasons for the contamination in the products. Simultaneously, our field survey suggests that the appearances of the flowers were not critical points for the identification of Sida plants. Based on microscopic observations, we found that the stellate hair on leaves and the features of mericarps were suitable for the purpose. In conclusion, the exact identification of their botanical origin is important for regulation of Sida products on the borderline of pharmaceuticals to non-pharmaceuticals.

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The aim of this study was to develop a simple indicator that can be solved at room temperature and that warns of rising temperature in food production. The indicator was prepared by mixing red cabbage dye with sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate and lactose and applied to food production. The indicator changed color after 36 hours at 12℃, after 48 hours at 10℃, after 96 hours at 4℃ and after 88 hours at varying temperature. The time required to change color varied depending on the concentration of red cabbage dye.

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Green tea contains polyphenols with potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and therefore, as a functional food ingredient, it is expected to inhibit carbohydrate absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and suppress blood glucose elevation. The addition of matcha, powdered green tea produced by grinding with stone mill, to sweet rolls that are rich in carbohydrates due to high flour and sugar content was hypothesized to suppress the elevation of blood glucose level observed after eating conventional sweet rolls. In this study, we developed a sweet roll containing matcha (hereafter, green tea sweet roll), and investigated the hypoglycemic effect of matcha in rats. Matcha strongly inhibited sucrose absorption, and it was estimated that 0.60 g of matcha has an effect that is 1/10 that of the control acarbose. Next, healthy human volunteers were served conventional (control) and green tea sweet rolls. At 45 min and 60 min after eating the sweet roll, blood glucose level were significantly lower in the green tea sweet roll group. These findings indicate that the addition of matcha to sweet rolls suppresses elevation of blood glucose.

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人工的にフザリウム属菌に感染させた国産小麦品種を用いて、フザリウム属菌産生カビ毒の一種であるデオキシニバレノールのうどん調理での残存率を解析した。国産軟質小麦主要3品種の原麦を製粉して調製された上質粉を製麺に供試し、15倍容の水で調理した。調理前の生麺ならびに調理後のゆで麺とゆで汁中のデオキシニバレノール濃度を試験室内で妥当性確認されたHPLC-UV法により分析した。分析値は、実質的な加工係数を算出するために上質粉の水分含量で補正した。その結果、上質粉から生麺を作製する段階ではデオキシニバレノール濃度変化が見られなかったのに対し、生麺から最終食品であるゆで麺にする段階では有意な減衰が見られ、実質的な調理加工係数は0.39から0.46であった。ゆで汁への高い移行率(43-59%)が認められ、本毒素の高い親水性が示された。本研究により、麺の加水調理は最終食品におけるデオキシニバレノール量を減らすのに有効であり、実質的な調理加工係数は0.5未満となることが示された。

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In order to study the daily intake of tar dyes in children aged 1 - 6 years old using a market basket method, conventional analytical methods for 12 kinds of tar dyes in processed foods were modified and improved. In the conventional analytical methods, tar dyes are analyzed using HPLC after extraction by enzymatic treatment and purification with a solid-phase extraction cartridge. In our improved method, the preparation of sample solutions and HPLC conditions were simplified using TBA-Br solution as an ion pair reagent and the purification procedure was simplified using Sep-pak plus tC18 Environmental cartridge as a solid-phase extraction cartridge. When the improved method was applied to the analyses of tar dyes in market basket samples (Groups 1〜8), 9 colors in Group 7, i.e., Amaranth, Allura Red AC, Ponceau 4R, Acid Red, Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Fast Green FCF, Brilliant Blue FCF and Indigotine, could not be quantified owing to interference peaks. The recoveries of the above mentioned 9 kinds of tar dyes in Group 7 were improved by adding polyamide column purification after the extraction by enzymatic treatment step. These improved methods resulted in good recoveries (72〜114%) for tar dyes, with the exception of Indigotine (24〜72%), which is unstable in processed food. The improved methods can be applied to market basket samples in the analyses of tar dyes for estimation of their daily intake amounts.

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PCR法に替わる遺伝子組換え作物を検知するための方法として、DNAマイクロアレイを用いてランダムプライマーにより合成された遺伝子断片を検出する方法が考えられる。そこで我々は、目的とするモデル遺伝子断片を検出するための方法として、4つのDNAマイクロアレイのシグナル増強検出法の性能比較検討を行った。蛍光標識DNAデンドリマーを用いた場合、シグナル増強を行わないコントロールと比較して約100倍の検出感度の増大が確認された。バックグラウンドレベルもコントロールと比較して同等であった。蛍光標識DNAデンドリマーを用いた場合、遺伝子組換え作物のゲノムDNA1分子に1コピー組み込まれていると想定した組換え遺伝子をPCRのような核酸増幅法を用いることなくDNAマイクロアレイにより検出可能であると考えられる。

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市販健康茶のパッケージ表記の適合性を確認する手段を確立するため、健康茶中のセンナと他のCassia属植物との識別のための指標成分について検討を行った。その結果、センナを加工しても分解されない1成分があり、構造解析を行ったところ、cassiaphenone B-2-glucosideであることが明らかとなった。さらに健康茶に汎用されるCassia属植物にこの成分が普遍的に含まれているか否か確認しか。その結果、Cassia alataを除く、Cassia obtusifolia、Cassia occidentalis及びCassia corymbosaなどには含まれていなかった。cassiaphenone B-2-glucosideを指標として実際に市販健康茶を検査した結果、パッケージ表記には無かったセンナあるいはCassia alata含有の可能性がある検体を見つけることができた。

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