トランス脂肪酸は、分子内にトランス型の二重結合を持つ不飽和脂肪酸の総称であり、天然では反芻動物のルーメンにて生成し、乳や肉中に移行・蓄積することが知られている。欧米での大規模な疫学的調査から、トランス脂肪酸の過剰摂取は冠動脈性心疾患のリスクを高めることが示唆されている。本研究では、国内に流通する畜肉のトランス脂肪酸含量の網羅的調査を行い、畜肉に含まれるトランス脂肪酸の実態把握を行った。その結果、通常喫食する脂肪を含んだ牛肉のトランス脂肪酸含量は、0.33〜1.87g/100gであることが明らかになった。また、牛脂では1.43〜9.83g/100gであることが明らかになった。内臓では牛の第一胃(ルーメン)において1.70g/100gと一番高い値を示した。牛肉の調査の結果、同一の部位においても、生産国が異なることによりトランス脂肪酸含量に差があり、飼料の種類および給餌期間によって蓄積する量に違いが生じることが推察された。一方、豚肉および鶏肉の調査結果から、トランス脂肪酸量が0.3g/100gを大きく超える部位は無かった。今回の調査から、以前の報告通り反芻動物の食肉中からトランス脂肪酸が検出された。しかし、最も多くトランス脂肪酸が存在した穀類を200日以上給餌した米国産のバラ肉で1.87g/100gであり、畜産物の摂取に起因する健康へのリスクは低いと考えられた。

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スパイスとして世界中で用いられており生薬としても重要なショウキョウの品質評価の一環として、今回ショウキョウの加工調製に関する研究を行った。収穫後の乾燥温度条件とNO産生抑制活性の相関を調べたところ、高温で乾燥を行うと活性が強くなることが判明した。そのため今回ショウキョウから5つの化合物を単離しそれらのNO産生抑制活性を比較した。それらの中ではshogaol類が最も強い活性を示した。

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A method has been developed for determining amygdalin (AM) and its degradation products, benzyl alcohol (BeOH), benzaldehyde (BAL) and benzoic acid (BA) in Chinese quince fruit utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A sample was extracted with 0.05 mol/L citric acid solution (pH2.2) and cleaned in an InertSep C18 cartridge and an InertSep NH₂ cartridge. The HPLC separation was performed on an Inertsil ODS-4 column using acetonitrile-0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer (pH2.0) (15:85) in the mobile phase. A UV monitor was used for detection. The effects during growth period on the amount of 4 components of sarcocarp and seed of Chinese quince was examined. AM content in seed increased proportionally each month. This increase was especially significant in seed retrieved in November. AM was detected in commercially available Chinese quince in the range of 0.03-0.06 mg/g sarcocarp, 0.21-1.75 mg/g seed. BA was not detected in any samples.

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We performed the comparative study on changes of cytochemical Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (Mg²⁺-ATPase) activity and its localization caused by a decrease in freshness of white (W), pink (P), and red (R) muscles in cultured carp during storage in ice. The contents of ATP-related compounds in the three muscle types were higher in the order of R>P>W, and the increasing of K value was faster in the order of R>P>W. Mg²⁺-ATPase activity was found on the A band of myofibril, sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria menbrane/crista in each muscle type at just after killing. The deactivation of Mg²⁺-ATPase activity in these organella was faster in the order of R>P>W during storage period. The interposition of pink muscle fibers into the dorsal ordinary muscle might accelerate the deterioration of fish mucle in post-mortem.

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An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in tea was developed by modifying the Japanese official multiresidue method. In the optimal sample preparation procedure, the following sequence of steps was adopted: (1) swelling of the sample in water; (2) extraction with acetonitrile; (3) removal of water by salting-out; (4) cleanup on an ODS column and then on a tandem graphitized carbon/PSA column. The resulting test solution was subjected to LC-MS/MS and determined by external solvent standard calibration. The recoveries for 135 pesticides from fortified green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and matcha (powdered green tea) after spiking at the Japanese maximum residue limits were mostly within the range 70-120%, with relative standard deviations of <20%. The test solutions obtained by the modified method were cleaner than those obtained by the original multiresidue method and contained relatively smaller amounts of pigments and other matrix components. No interfering peak was observed in the blank chromatograms, indicating the high selectivity of the modified method. Therefore, the developed method is considered to be highly efficient and suitable for the quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in tea.

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Asiasari Radix [roots and rhizomes of Asiasarum sieboldii F. Maekawa and Asiasarum heterotropoides F. Maekawa var. mandshuricum F. Maekawa (Aristolochiaceae)] is a traditional medicine. Sesamin and asarinin are important components of Asiasari Radix, and it is reported that their stereochemistry is l-form. On the contrary, the stereochemistry of sesamin and episesamin from sesame are reported as d-form. Therefore, we established a method for analyzing lignans with HPLC-chiral column to invesitigate precise stereochemistry of them from Asiasari Radix and sesame. As a result, we clarified that asarinin from Asiasari Radix existed as only l-form, and sesamin and episesamin from sesame existed as only d-form. In addition, we found that sesamin from Asiasari Radix was a mixture of 96〜95% l-form and 4〜5% d-form.

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ナスのヘタは尋常性疣贅(イボ)の治療に伝承的に用いられている。また、ナスのガク片部のエタノール抽出物が尖形コンジローマの治療に有効であったことが報告されている。そこで、ナスのエタノール抽出物の各種ヒト腫瘍細胞株に対する細胞致死活性を調べたところ、ヒト卵巣ガン由来の細胞株であるHRAに対して細胞致死活性を示し、その効果はガク片部からの抽出物が可食部からの抽出物よりも強かった。この抽出物から活性に基づく分画を行うことにより、2つの細胞致死活性成分9-oxo-(10E, 12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9-EZ-KODE)および9-oxo-(10E, 12E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-EE-KODE)を単離・同定した。9-EE-KODEは、9-EZ-KODEの約10倍高い細胞致死活性を示した。また、9-EE-KODEの細胞致死活性を各種細胞株を用いて比較したところ、HRAに対して他の細胞株よりも約5倍強い活性を示した。ナスのガク片部の9-EE-KODE含量は可食部よりも高かった。

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遺伝子組換え(GM)作物の検知法では、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)の標的配列を保持するプラスミドDNAが陽性コントロールとして広く用いられている。プラスミドDNAのコンタミネーションによる偽陽性反応を排除するため、我々は標的配列中に制限酵素(BamH I)認識部位を含むように設計した定性PCR検知用の陽性コントロールを開発した。PCR産物へのBamH Iの直接添加で、GM米系統Shanyou63 (Bt63米)検知用のプラスミド(pBT63)を鋳型に用いた増幅断片は切断されるが、Bt63米のゲノムDNAを鋳型として用いた増幅断片は切断されなかった。これらの結果から、pBT63と同様の機能を有するプラスミドを陽性コントロールとして用いることで、陽性コントロールのコンタミネーションによる偽陽性を容易に識別することが可能となり、定性PCR法による検知法の判定に対する信頼性の向上に貢献出来ることが示された。

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The leaf of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens (perilla leaf) contains rosmarinic acid and α-linoleinic acid; these compounds have antioxidative properties and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the beneficial effects of perilla leaf on metabolic syndrome have not been explored. In this study, we investigated whether perilla leaf powder, dried by microwave under reduced pressure, can reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome using SHR.Cg-Lepr^cp/NDmer (SHR-cp), a rat model of metabolic syndrome. The SHR-cp rats were divided into 3 groups: (1) the control group, which was given only sterile distilled water only, (2) the MH group, which was given 5 g/kg body weight/day of perilla leaf powder, (3) the ML group, which was given 1 g/kg body weight/day of perilla leaf powder. Perilla leaf powder was dissolved in sterile distilled water for administration. Body weight and food intake were measured every week and blood pressure was determined every 2 weeks. After 14 weeks of perilla leaf powder administration, rat plasma was collected and subjected to biochemical analysis, and fatty acid compositions and lipid peroxide levels were measured. Body weight and food intake were not significantly different among the groups. The changes in blood pressure from baseline to week 14 decreased significantly in the MH group compared with the other groups. Plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels also decreased significantly in the MH group compared with the levels in the other groups. Plasma levels of α-linoleinic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and total n-3 fatty acids increased significantly in the MH group compared with the levels in the other groups. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in plasma were also decreased significantly in the MH group. Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between plasma LPO levels and changes in the mean blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to week 14 and a significant negative correlation between plasma LPO and α-linolenic acid levels and between plasma α-linolenic acid and plasma triglyceride levels. These results suggest that the administration of the perilla leaf powder, dried by microwave under reduced pressure, can potentiate anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects, leading to preventive effects on cardiovascular diseases.

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"Koshikon" (the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon) and "Nanshikon" (the roots of Arnebia euchroma) have been used as natural dye and medicine. Interestingly, shikonins, the components of those species, exist as mixture of enantiomers. In this report, we isolated six shikonins from "Koshikon", and five shikonins from "Nanshikon", and determined the enantiomer ratios of them by chiral-HPLC analysis. From the "Koshikon", acetylshikonin and β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin were obtained with the low R/S ratio (74/26 and 90/10), while isobutyrylshikonin, β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin, α-methyl-n-butyrylshikonin and isovalerylshikonin were obtained as almost pure R-form (>95%). On the other hand, the "Nanshikon" gave acetylshikonin with the low R/S ratio (34/64), and isobutyrylshikonin, β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin, α-methyl-n-butyrylshikonin and isovalerylshikonin as almost pure S-form (just about 100%). Generally, enantiopure shikonins have been obtained by hydrolysis of shikonin derivatives followed by several recrystallizations. We established an easy and efficient method for preparing enantiomerically pure (R)-shikonin and (S)-shikonin by removing low-enanntiopure acetylshikonin and β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin from shikonins before the hydrolysis.

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As a method for nutrition labeling, the quantitative analysis of molybdenum in food by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after dry ashing at 500℃ was studied and validated. Single laboratory validation has been performed to evaluate the trueness, precision, applicability, limit of detection, limit of quantification and linearity of the method. Repeatability and intermediate precision of the method for analysis of molybdenum content in certified reference material (NIST SRM 3280, multivitamin/multielement tablets) were 3.8 and 3.8% relative standard deviation, respectively, with HorRat value 0.5. Recovery tests of molybdenum contents were performed 18 food samples. Consequently, the recovery rate of molybdenum ranged from 71 to 123% indicating the high applicability of the method.

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