Pesticide residue contents in Phellodendron fruits and leaves collected in various areas of Nara prefecture during June 2019 – August 2019 were found using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analyses conducted with official Japanese methods. Results show that among 28 Phellodendron leaf samples, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide was detected in one sample. Among 14 Phellodendron fruit samples, no pesticide was detected in any sample.

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Olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) is an underutilized resource of olive tree but has a high polyphenol content, so it has the potential to be used as a food ingredient. In this study, we investigated the effects of olive leaf water extracts on the physical properties of chicken breast sausage (CBS). Olive leaf water extracts were prepared at 4 (OEx₄) and 80°C (OEx₈₀) from dried olive leaf powder and they were applied to CBS preparation within the concentration range 0.05 to 0.5% (w/w minced meat). OEx₄ had 32% lower polyphenol content than OEx₈₀. Water content, expressible water, breaking strength, and viscoelastic properties of CBS with OEx₄ and OEx₈₀ were measured. The analyses of the sausage physical properties showed that adding 0.1% OEx₄ increased the breaking stress (115%), breaking strain (68%), modulus of elasticity (20%), coefficient of viscosity (23%), and water-holding capacity (9%), and the enhancement effects of OEx₄ were much greater than those of OEx₈₀. The gel network of OEx₄-containing CBSs observed by scanning electron microscopy was finer and denser than that of the control CBS. Chemical analyses of the meat proteins showed that OEx₄ induces polymerization of myofibril proteins, especially myosin, via non-disulfide covalent bridges formed between amino and/ or thiol groups. These results indicate that the application of OEx₄ improves the sausage gel properties by inducing non-disulfide-type protein polymerization. This study supports the feasibility of OEx₄ as a new ingredient to improve the texture of gel products prepared from chicken breast minced meat.

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In the present study an isolated bacteria from the kudzu vine (Pueraria Lobata), identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, was determined to be a type of lactic acid bacteria. The physiological functions of heated L. mesenteroides were examined and the results indicated that the production of Interleukin (IL)-12 in mouse splenocytes showed a higher value than the control OK432. In addition, the result demonstrated that the test substance exhibited an immunostimulatory effect in mice. In particular, it showed a higher value when the lactic acid bacteria was cultured in kudzu starch treated with a heated enzyme instead of glucose, resulting in a heightened immune-stimulating activity. Moreover, an anti-tumor effect was also observed in murine breast cancer 4T1 cells subcutaneously transplanted in mice. The result indicated a lower value tendency relative to the average tumor volume and weight in the group administered with the culture substance containing kudzu dextrin in comparison with an untreated group, suggesting the possibility of an anti-tumor effect. In the same study an anti-influenza virus effect was also observed in infected mice. Three days after administering a viral infection the amount of infected broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly less, and 14 days after infection neutralizing antibodies titer, as well as specific IgA in serum and BALF, was significantly elevated in comparison to the control. It was concluded that an enhancement of the living organism’s immunity produced the anti-influenza viral effect and that the oral administration of the culture substance with the L. mesenteroides kudzu dextrin was effective in preventing influenza virus viral infection

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Two new glucose esters of caffeic acid, 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid A-2, 1) and 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-{β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]}-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranose (allimacronoid B-2, 2) were isolated from the leaves of Allium macrostemon Bunge. The chemical structures were elucidated based on the analyses of the spectroscopic and chemical data.

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The use of LC-MS/MS as a simultaneous analytical method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in human blood or urine in anti-food-terrorism measures was examined. Sample preparation required approximately 25 min, consisting of the addition of two volumes of methanol to blood or urine, vigorous shaking, cooling down, centrifugation and ultrafiltration. The simple reversed-phase LC-MS/MS condition required only 15 min per injection, being able to detect 47 pesticides in the blood and 46 pesticides in the urine. The average recoveries (n = 5) from the blood or the urine spiked at 50 ng/mL were 44.2-163.0% or 55.6-110.4%, respectively. The analytical method presented in this report is simple and could be applicable for any public health institution in anti-food-terrorism measures.

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26巻3号 p153-159 (2019) に掲載の論文について一部加筆訂正する。

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