Forest soil symposium of ISSS was held at Zvolen, CSSR in Sept., 1977, and the excursion was practiced in the territory from Slovakia to Moravia. At that time, the writer got a soil map of CSSR, 1:500,000 through the kindness of Prof. Dr. R. Saly. The soil map was made by Hrasko, J. and others, and that was minutely represented by soil types as the map units. According to the soil map, it is found that soils in CSSR are classified into the following soil groups, and each soil group is divided into one to fifteen soil types according to parent materials, soil texture, soil genetic conditions and the others. 1 . regosols, lithosols, rankers 2. rendzinas, pararendzinas 3. chernozems 4. brown earths, illimerized soils 5. brown soils (brown forest soils) 6. podzolic soils, podzols 7. "smonice" soils 8. terrae calcis soils 9. meadow soils 10. pseudogleys 11. gleys, stagnogleys 12. peat soils Now, the writer tried to make out the general map of soils in CSSR, 1:250,000 (appended map), originating from the soil map of CSSR, 1:500,000. The map units are soil groups abovementioned. Because, it seems that the general soil map in this scale is very convenient to understand the outline of soil distribution in the whole of CSSR. Calculating the distribution areas of soil groups in CSSR according to the original soil map of I-Irako, J. and others, it is found that the distribution of brown forest soils has more than a half of the territory of CSSR, and that of illimerized soils is the next, and chernozems, pseudogleys, meadow soils, podzolic soils and rendzinas follow them within the range of 5.0 to 7.0 percent (Table 1). On the other hand, there are valuable research achievements of Prof. Dr. J. Pelisek on the classification and the distribution of soils in CSSR. Especially, the results of pedological and edaphological studies on the vertical distribution of soils in CSSR must be highly estimated (Fig. 1). Moreover, soil maps of the world, 1:500,000, are being published from FAO-Unesco in recent years. Reviewing the soil map of the world (Volume V) in 1978, the outline of classification and distribution of soils in the whole of CSSR is easily understood. Judging from these results on the soils of CSSR, it is found that there is a slight difference in nomenclature between them, however, the methods of soil classification agree with each other substantially. Accordingly, it is thought that the detailed results of Hrasko, J. and others are greatly contributing to the study of soil genesis and soil classification in CSSR. In conclusion, during the attendance in the forest soil symposium, I was much obliged to the following persons : Prof. Dr. R. Saly, Mrs. A. Domanova (Zvolen, CSSR), Prof. Dr. J. Pelisek (Brno, CSSR), Prof. Dr. M. Ciric, Dr. C. Burlica (Sarajevo, Yugoslavia), Prof. Dr. A. Kowalkowskii (Raszyn, Poland), and Prof. Dr. C. B. Crampton (Burnaby, Canada). The writer wishes to express his sincere thanks to these persons.

抄録全体を表示

多くの北海道の土壌は秋から融雪期にかけて過湿状態に,また晩春から夏にかけて乾燥した状態になりやすいので,それらの影響が断面内にも現われていることがある。たとえば,偽疑グライ層が現われたり,同一断面内に堅果状構造と還元斑の両方が認められることもある。このような土壌中では,過湿期にFeやMnなどの易還元性物質は可動化して水の運動とともに断面内を移動し,乾燥期に酸化沈澱すると考えられるが,断面内の水の動きかたは地形,降水量,蒸発散量,内部排水などの水分環境できまるから,易還元性物質の断面内分布はその土壌の水分環境を反映していると考えられる。久保(未発表)は北海道北部の多くの緩斜面でF層や地表ふきんで折れたササ桿などにMnのべンジン反応がみられること,および排水良好地ではこれが認められないことを見いだし,この現象を過湿期に可動化したMnが地表面における水分の蒸発によって,しだいに地表の枯死植物体に集積していった結果であるとみなした。永塚(1975)は西南日本において,地形上の位置によってMn_0の分布パターンが特徴づけられることをしめし,その原因を水の移動にともなうものであると推論している。ここでは北海道北部の非火山灰性地帯のゆるやかな地形を主にとり扱い,排水状態を重視した水分環境区分からプロットを5段階に区分して,それら土壌中のMnの分布状態を検討した結果を報告する。

抄録全体を表示