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Volume 28 (1953)
- Issue 5-6 Pages 195-
- Issue 4 Pages 129-
- Issue 3 Pages 87-
- Issue 2 Pages 43-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 28, Issue 3
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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A PRELIMINARY NOTEHIKOICHI OKA, T. T. CHANG, M. S. HONG1953 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 87-91
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (241K) -
IV. STUDIES OF WILD BARLEYST. OINUMA1953 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 92-104
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Cytological and morphological studies of wild barley species includig twelve races were made of the size of stomata, size of pollen grains, number of chromosomes, karyotypes and asscciation of chromosomes at meiotic divisions, and phylogeny of karyotypes were also discussed in this paper.
2) In Hordeum agriocrithon, n=7 and 2n=14 was observed. Chromosomes in a haploid set are each different in length and shape. The characteristics of them are as follows. In this the length of the chromosome gradually decreases from “a” to “g”.
a……about 6μ long of submedian type with a secondary constriction in the long arm near the end.
b……submedian, with secondary constrictions existed in both the arms, one being in end portion of the long arm and the other in middle portion of the short arm. Small sphaerical satellite was observed at the end of the short arm.
c……submedian, with a secondary constriction in the long arm near the end.
d……median.
e……submedian or subterminal. The long arm of this chromosome is longer than that of the “d”.
f……submedian with a large satellite on the short arm. This satellite is larger than that of the “b” and shows pyriform.
g……about 4μ long, submedian type.
This karyotype was called by the author as a1a1 or type I.
3) Although no difference was observed in the other six chromosomes, three different forms were distinguished regarding the “a” chromosome. “a2” type is without secondary constriction, and “a3” has a secondary constriction in the long arm at the portion of one-third from the end. Therefore, karyotypic differences among wild barley species can be decided by the differences in the “a” only. In this paper, a1a1, a2a2 and a3a3, (or a3a3a3a3) are distinguished. Chromosome number and karyotypes of the wild barley studied were listed below
4) As Hordeum Gussoneanum also H. murinum with 28 chromosomes in somatic cells have four a3 chromosomes, they may be suspected as autotetraploid, but frequency of formation of tetravalent was very small. This suggests that the differentiation of genomes might have been taken place in these two species after the duplication of whole chromosomes in remote past.
5) Decision of karyotypes in the wild species of barley may play an important role in the studies of the karyotype analysis of cultivated barleys.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
T. FUJII1953 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 105-109
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSister plants of a twin set, with the same chromosome numbers, are in general morphologically identical. In the F2 of a hybrid between Sears' Nulli-VII (20II), and Matsumura's a-gigas (1IV+19II) a pair of twin plants was obtained. Both had 41 chromosomes, but one of them was awnless and the other tip-awned. In the selfed F3- and F4-progenies of both plants appeared many normal plants with 21II and 20II+1I, besides a few dwarfs with the sterile chromosome combination of 20II. The offspring of the awnless twin were all awnless. The tip-awned twin showed a relatively lower fertility and a lower percentage of heading. Its progeny segregated with regard to awned according to the monohybrid ratio, 1 awnless: 2 tip-awned: 1 awned, independently of chromosome numbers. This shows that the tip-awned twin must have been heterozygous.
The origin of these twins can be explained in three ways:
1) One fertilized egg (awnless homozygote) was divided into two embryos in an early stage and a minute deficiency including the gene for awnless occurred simultaneously.
2) The egg cell and one synergid were both fertilized, one by a sperm nucleus, the other by the vegetative nucleus. One of these female and male nuclei had a minute deficiency including the gene for awnless which occurred at mitosis in the embryosac or the pollen grain, while the others had this gene.
3) The egg cell and one synergid were fertilized by 2 pollen grains, one with the gene for awnless and the other with a minute deficiency involving this gene.
The first hypothesis seems to be more probable than the second and the third.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
R. TANAKA1953 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 110-115
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to compare the cell volume of the natural polyploids with that of the artificial polyploids, the length of guard cells of the stomata of polyploids in higher plants were compared. In this study the data which have been reported by many authors were used. The results obtained are as follows.
1. (a) The length of guard cells of the natural autopolyploids is smaller than that of the artificial autopolyploids; in triploids 14%, in tetraploids 18%, in hexaploids 35% and in octaploids 22%. (b) The length of guard cells of the natural allopolyploids is smaller than that of the artificial allopolyploids; in tetraploids 18% and in hexaploids 29%. From these facts it follows that the cell volume of natural polyploids is smaller than that of artificial polyploids.
2. In the natural polyploids the increase rate of cell volume is similar to or smaller than the increase rate of nuclear quantity. But in the artificial polyploids the increase rate of cell volume is larger than the increase rate of nuclear quantity.View full abstractDownload PDF (321K) -
K. TAKIKAWA1953 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 116-125
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author examined one male patient born in 1895 who has been suffering from progressive bulbar paralysis since 10 years: he also found in the proband's male relatives 2 more cases with typical symptomes of this disease and 3 individuals with only finger tremor. The one patient found in the relatives of the proband was born in 1903 and the other in 1881. In these 2 cases the desease began with finger tremor in the age of about 40. Since the finger tremor is considered as an early sign of this disorder, the author thinks that the above-mentioned 3 individuals with only fingertremor may belong to either the patients in an early stage of the disorder or those of fruste form.
All the above-mentioned 3 typical and 3 related cases show homochronous heredity and homotypy and neither immediate occasions nor external causes are evident concerning their manifestation.
They manifest in sex-linked recessive inheritance as distinctly seen in their pedigree. The inheritance of this disorder is regarded as recessive by some authors (Lovell, Saller) and as dominant by others (Gates etc.).
On the other side it is generally believed that amyotropyic lateral sclerosis and spinal progressive muscle atrophy are related to progressive bulbar paralysis, and no pedigree has been known in these disorders which manifests in sex-linked recessive inheritance.
The pedigree here reported will be the first instance in which the sex-linked recessive inheritance is evidenced.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K)
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