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Volume 34, Issue 11
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Toyohiko KAWATANI, Haruyo ASAHINA1959 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 353-362
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The artificial interspecific F1 hybrid between Papaver orientale L. (_??_) and P. somniferum L. (_??_) was produced in May, 1956. Its seeds were sown in October in the same year and 7 hybrids germinated the next month. Only one hybrid flowered in July, 1957.
2. The somatic chromosome number in the hybrid was 32, the sum of the haploid numbers, 11 and 21, in the male and female parents, respectively.
3. The hybrid was perennial like the female parent.
4. The adult leaves of the hybrid were hispid on both sides and the petioles were canaliculate, like the female parent. It is very interesting, however, that the mode and extent of resemblance to the parents in the characters of leaves varied with stages of growth. During some months after germination, the hybrid was very similar to the female parent, but from early April, it began to resemble the male parent rather than the female parent. Finally, by late May, the hybrid was an intermediate between the two parents.
5. The stems, peduncles, flower-buds, and floral leaves were all like those of the female parent. The made of ramification of the flowering shoot resembled that of the male parent.
6. The presence of morphine, codeine, thebaine, and isothebaine in the hybrid was demonstrated by chemical separations and paper chromatography.
7. Morphine and codeine in the hybrid are considered to have been inherited from the male parent and isothebaine from the female parent.
8. Oripavine, an alkaloid characteristic of the female parent, was not proved in the hybrid.View full abstractDownload PDF (1494K) -
Effect of X-Rays upon Pollen Germination and FertilityIchizo NISHIYAMA, Setsuko TSUKUDA1959 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 363-370
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) For the study of the radiosensitivity of pollen grains of higher plants, the following four species were used: Narcissus Tazetta var. chinensis, Eriobotrya japonica, Lycopersicum pimpinellifolium and Torenia Founieri.
(2) Pollen grains from all four species germinated normally and the pollen tube growth was as good as that of the controls at 1×105r X-ray irradiation. At 2×105r to 4×105r irradiation, the pollen germination percentage was significantly decreased and most of the grains failed to germinate at 5×105r exposure.
(3) It could be noted that dusting with irradiated pollen grains of L. pimpinellifolium showed a gradual decrease in the percentage of fruits produced according to the increase of X-ray dosage, ranging from 2.4×104r to 2×105r. At the dosage of 1.5× 105r no fruit developed, although pollen germination and pollen tube growth were as good as in the controls. Fruits developed following hand pollination with irradiated pollen grains were very small and contained a few or no mature seeds, while the controls had 21 seeds per fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Michio TSUKAMURA1959 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 371-372
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (148K) -
III. External characteristics and meiosis in PMC's of F1 plants of Secale fragile×Haynaldia villosaGoichi NAKAJIMA1959 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 373-380
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In the present reserach, the external characteristics and the meiosis in PMC's of F1 plants raised between Secale fragile (n=7) and Haynaldia villosa (n=7) were studied. To study meiosis 11 individuals out of 25F1 plants were empolyed.
2. The percentage of matured F1 to the number of pollinated florets was 8.26%. This value is rather high as the percentage of F1 for the pollinated florets in the hybridization between H. villiosa and S. cereale.
3. Generally speaking, the F1 plants possess external characteristics of both parents and they are almost intermediate between the parents (Fig. 1 and Table 1).
4. The number of somamtic chromosomes in the root tip cells of the F1 plants was ascertained to be 14, and this number exactly corresponds to the sum of the gametic number of the parents, viz., 7+7=14. In the meiosis of PMC's the same number of chromosomes was also observed in the root tip cells.
5. At the heterotypic metaphase in PMC's of F1 hybrids, 0-3 bivalents were observed. Their frequency is shown in Table 2, and their lack appears to be the mode. A ring-shaped bivalent and a heteromorphic stick-shaped bivalent were observed rarely, while oridinary stick- shaped bivalents formed by two equal sized elements conjugated end to end losely were usualy observed (Table 2). These bivalents seem to be derived from autosyndesis between chromosomes of V genome of H. villosa and the chromosomes of S. fragile respectively. Considering the foregoing, there seems to be no homology between V genome of H. villosa and that of S. fragile, syndesis will not occure between their chromosomes. Trivalents addition to bivalents were observed, but no tetravalent was observed. At heterotypic ana-telophase of PMC's the chromosomes were distributed to the opposite poles in the ratio 7:7-0:14 (Table 3).
6. At the heterotypic metaphase in meiosis, univalents were normally scattered in spindle, but the formation of equatorial plate and the longitudinal splitting of all the univalents were rarely observed and consequently these processes gave rise to the formation of non-conjugation or restitution nucleus.
7. In the tetrad stage, PMC's consisting of 1-6 cells were observed, with the 4 cell tetrad showing the highest parcentage (82%).
8. Most of F1 plants show parcial fertility by natural selfing, though the percentage of fertility was not high (Table 5) and some grains were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (953K) -
External characters and contents of pyrethrin in the polyploids of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefoliumYasuto TOMINAGA1959 Volume 34 Issue 11 Pages 381-385
Published: 1959
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The writer found triploids, tetraploids and aneuploids in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium.
2) The growth of the triploids are much more vigorous than the diploids and tetraploids, their stems being higher than the tetraploids. The capitulum has intermediate characters of the diploids and tetraploids.
The growth of the tetraploids are more vigorous than the diploids: their stems are higher, culms and leaves are thicker, and the weight of the capitulum are twice as heavy as those of the diploids.
3) The contents of pyrethrin in the triploids are in general about the same as in diploids, while the contents in the tetraploids are lower than those in the diploids.View full abstractDownload PDF (751K)
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