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Volume 37 (1962)
- Issue 6 Pages 427-
- Issue 5 Pages 357-
- Issue 4 Pages 267-
- Issue 3 Pages 187-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 91-96
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLigature experiments were carried out on the prepupae of the black pupa strain (bivoltine) which had been kept at 20°C after the mounting (spinning) stage. The results obtained were as follows.
Ligatures of prepupae in the early stage behind the second abdominal segments resulted in the inhibition of the manifestation of the black pupal color in the posterior parts. On the other hand, when prepupae in the advanced stage were ligatured, both the anterior and posterior parts became black. These results indicated that there was a critical period in the manifestation of the black pupal color and it was from 7 to 10 hours before pupation.
When prepupae were ligatured before the critical period and then kept at 30°C instead of being kept at 20°C, both the anterior and posterior parts of ligature became normal. It was concluded that the manifestation of the black pupal color is controlled by a hormone-like factor which is produced by some organs existing in the anterior part of ligature and the function of the organs is active at low temperature but inactive at high temperature.
Experiments in which prepupae were ligatured at different segments showed that several organs which are present in the part anterior to the second abdominal segment co-operatively control the manifestation of the black pupal color.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
Koji YANO1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 97-101
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gametophytic chromosomes of 7 moss species belonging to 6 families were studied. Their chromosome complements are formulated as follows:
Andreaeaceae
Andreaea nivalis Hook. K(n)=10=V(H)+5V+2J+2J(h)
Splachnaceae
Tetraplodon mnioides (Hedw.) B.S.G. K(n)=8=2V(H)+3V+2J+J(h)
Cryphaceaceae
Cyptodontopsits obutusifolia (Nog.) Nog. K(n)=11=V(H)+6V+3J+J(h)
Pilotrichopsis dentata (Mitt.) Besch. K(n)=8=V(H)+3V+3J+J(h)
Myuriaceae
Eumiurium sinicum (Mitt.) Nog. K(n)=10=V(H)+6V+2J+J(h)
Neckeraceae
Homalia japonica Besch. K(n)=11=V(H)+5V+4J+J(h)
Hookeriaceae
Distichophyllum maebarae Besch. K(n)=10=2V(H)+5V+2J+J(h)View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
Ikuo OKADA, Shiro TAKAGI, Kyuki MATSUMOTO1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 102-109
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOntogenetic studies of erythrocyte antigens were carried out in three systems of the chicken. There were differences among the systems, and also among the antigens within one system, in the developmental stages at which they could first be detected. The antigens in the F and H systems were detected in early embryonic stages, but the antigens in the B system exhibited considerable variability in the time of appearance-that is, from late embryonic stages to several days after hatching.
The percentage of chicks in which it was possible to estimate genotypes for the B system decreased temporarily after hatching. The agglutinability of the red blood cells of chicks increased to the same titer as in adult by the 30th day after hatching.View full abstractDownload PDF (797K) -
Yoshihisa FUJIO1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 110-117
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1247K) -
Ichizo NISHIYAMA1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 118-130
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the pentaploid hybridization, Avena barbata, A. abyssinica and Tt-1 (a barbata like derivative from triploid hybrids, A. barbata×A. strigosa) were used as tetraploid parents and certain varieties of A. sativa and A. nuda as hexaploid ones. Young seedlings of the pentaploid hybrids were treated with 0.05% colchicine solution and their chromosome number was successfully doubled in some of them, producing decaploid amphiploids or chimera plants consisting of pentaploids and decaploids.
Decaploid plants or panicles (C1) showed high seed fertility although the pentaploid ones set usually no seeds. Decaploids amphiploids, however, failed to maintain their high seed fertility. In C8-C12 generations, however, some amphiploid lines recovered fertility equal to the original parents but other lines still showed low or wide variation in fertility.
Cytological investigations were attempted with certain lines in C9-C13. It is especially noted that certain lines have 2n=42, 54, 56, or 58, instead of the expected chromosome number, 70(2n) and those lines show regular meiotic behavior of chromosomes. In the other lines the chromosome number varied over a limited range (2-4) and still others over a wide range (4-8).
Some characters such as plant height, tillering, and date of maturity were studied and compared with one of the parents, A. sativa var. Banner. Most of these synthetic oats are new forms possessing some characters from both tetraploid and hexaploid parents, and are much improved in certain agronomic characters.View full abstractDownload PDF (1923K) -
Yoshiaki KITANI1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 131-146
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe difference of the crossing over situation between 5:3 type aberrant asci and6:2 type aberrant asci was analyzed, and 6:2 asci were considered not to have transreplication-related crossing over frequently. The presence or absence of interferenceby the presence of transreplication-related crossing over was also analyzed, and it wasconsidered that the sp-mat interval may have been affected with interference is 5:3asci but may not have been affected in 6:2 asci. Somatic recombination was foundin one cross from the same of which large number of aberrant asci have been obtained.From above observations an explanation for the occurrence of 6:2 type aberrantasci was proposed. Main point of this explanation is that 6:2 type asci occurby a miscopying of new DNA synthesized in the localized pairing region of chromosomesduring mitosis instead of meiosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1411K) -
Yuichiro HIRAIZUMI1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 147-154
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between distorted segregation (drive) and genetic load was studiedmathematically and it was found that even a slight driven effect increased the mutationalload to an appreciable magnitude, and decreased the substitutional load verysharply. It was also shown that when a population suffers from having a harmfuldriven element, inbreeding always contributes to increase the population fitness.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Koichiro TSUNEWAKI1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 155-168
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to get comparable information on locations of genes in Emmer wheat (genome formula: AABB) and Aegilops squarrosa (DD) with those in common wheat (AABBDD), monosomic analysis of four synthesized 6x wheats was carried out using the monosomic series of Chinese Spring. The characters studied were growth habit, awnedness, glume hairiness and waxiness. The following results were obtained.
(1) Growth habit. Genes belonging to three allelic series, Sg1, Sg2 and Sg3 mainly control growth habit of the synthetics. Two alleles, Sg1c and sg1, which are derived from different Ae. squarrosa strains, have been identified at the Sg1 locus. Three alleles, Sg2, Sg2c and sg2, at the Sg2 locus and two alleles, Sg3 and sg3, at the Sg3 locus have been found in different Emmer species.
(2) Awnedness. All the synthetics and, accordingly, their respective Emmer components carry only hd and b2 alleles. None of the four synthetics have any major inhibitor, Hd, B1 or B2.
(3) Glume hairiness. Glume hairiness of ABD-4 is controlled by a single dominant gene that is derived from T. durum Golden Ball. This gene is homologous to the Hg allele of common wheat.
(4) Waxiness. Waxiness of the synthesized hexaploids is controlled by genes belonging to three allelic series, W, I1-W and I2-W. Both inhibitors, I1-W and I2-W are epistatic to a promotor, W. The alleles W and w at the W locus and I1-W and i1-W at the I1-W locus are found in Emmer components, while the inhibitor I2-W is present in Ae. squarrosa; the latter seems to have been lost at or after the synthesis of ABD-2.
These results indicate that most of the alleles known in the present-day common wheat were also present in its ancestors, Emmer wheat or Ae. squarrosa.
One of the contributions of Ae. squarrosa to the evolution of common wheat seems to be the donation of the most effective winter habit gene, sg1.View full abstractDownload PDF (1247K) -
Inheritance of PungencyYasuo OHTA1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 169-175
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Quantitative inheritance of pungency was studied in Capsicum. C. annuum L. var. Ojishi (P1, capsaicin content 0.05%) and var. Fushimi-amanaga (P2, 0.05%) were used as the non-pungent parents, and var. Yatsubusa (P3, 0.25%), var. Takanotsume (P4, 0.30%) and C. frutescens L. Ac 1443 (P5, 1.00%) served as the pungent parents.
2. Determinations of capsaicin content in dry matter were made by a new method combining paper-chromatography with the taste threshold stimulus method (Tab. 1).
3. No metaxenia was observed in fruits obtained from crosses non-pungent (_??_)×pungent (_??_) (Tab. 2).
4. In crosses between non-pungent and pungent, a similarity between the reciprocal crosses was observed for many characters, e.g. pungency, fruit shape and fruiting position (Figs. 1 & 2). F1 hybrids showed about the same capsaicin content as their pungent parent varying within a narrow range (Tabs. 3 & 4). In F2 various degrees of pungency were segregated from non-pungent to more pungent than the pungent parent. The frequency distribution shows a bimodal curve (Figs. 3 & 5). In BF1, bimodal wide variation was observed as in F2.
5. In a cross pungent×more pungent, an interspecific hybrid (for morphological characters see Ohta 1961a), the F1 plants showed about the same capsaicin content as their more pungent parent. The F2-segregation of various pungency degrees showed a continuous variation, from non-pungent to more pungent than the more pungent parent (Tab. 5 and Fig. 6). BF1 and BF2 showed also a wide variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K) -
Gizo SHIOTA1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 176-180
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the production of pearl minks by means of the cross between sapphire and palomino minks. It has been known that the character “pearl” is controlled by three recessive genes, a, p and j (Tables 1 and 2).
Mating procedures taken by the author are summarized in Table 4. From the mating of pearl to platinum minks (heterozygous for palomino) 14 non-pearl and 11 pearl minks obtained: This ratio is well fit to theoretical ratio, 1:1. The same ratio was also observed in the cross, pearl×palomino minks (heterozygous for platinum), which produced 31 non-pearl and 19 pearl minks.
A ratio of 17 non-pearl: 8 pearl minks obtained from the cross between platinum (heterozygous for palomino) and palomino minks (heterozygous for platinum) is obviously fit to a theoretical value, 3:1. However, 16 non-pearl: 5 pearl minks observed in the cross, platinum (heterozygous for palomino)×palomino minks (heterozygous for aleutian and platinum) and 81 non-pearl: 20 pearl minks obtained from the cross, platinum (heterozygous for aleutian and palomino)×palomino (heterozygous for aleutian and platinum) are not fit to an expected ratio, 15: 1; this deviation might be due to a fact that paloblue minks having a genotype AAppjj or Aappjj, are often misclassified as pearl minks.
Based on the author's results mentioned above, it is evident that “pearl” is inherited as a triple, autosomal recessive genes.View full abstractDownload PDF (989K) -
Gizo SHIOTA1962 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 181-185
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the cross between sapphire and palomino minks, the author has obtained pearl minks characterized by triple, autosomal recessive genes. The procedures in producing those pearl minks are described in this paper together with the breeding data collected for these five years (Table 1).
The crosses of sapphire×palomino resulted in the production of kits which are all dark coat-color of the original type. Based on this fact, it is shown that each kit is heterozygous for aleutian (a), platinum (p) and palomino (j). They are usually called trihybrids.
The kits produced from the trihybrid×trihybrid matings were 47 darks, 12 platinums, 8 palominos, 9 aleutians, 1 aleutian palomino and 2 pearls. This obtained ratio shows a good fit to the theoretical ratio of 27:9:9:9:3:3:3:1 regarding triple gene combination. The resulting pearl minks were crossed with those of various color types for successive four years, and gene analyses were made in kits in those experiments. In the fifth year, the author was successful in obtaining pearl minks which are characterized by triple autosomal recessive genes.
Based on the author's results of gene analysis, some possible types of mating necessary for the production of pearl kits were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K)
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