All issues
Successor
Volume 37 (1962)
- Issue 6 Pages 427-
- Issue 5 Pages 357-
- Issue 4 Pages 267-
- Issue 3 Pages 187-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Ichizo NISHIYAMA, Fusao MOTOYOSHI1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 427-440
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlbino plants from seven different strains (I-VII) obtained by spontaneous or X-ray induced mutations in the diploid progenies of triploid hybrids between Avena barbata (2n=28) and A. strigosa (2n=14), were successfully grown to maturity in artificial culture media in test-tubes.
Based on the results obtained from several culture experiments the following conditions were determined as most adequate for the plant growth: (1) White's mineral nutrient solution with 0.4M glucose and 0.5g brewer's yeast “Ebios” per liter and 0.9% agar, (2) the temperature of 25±1°C, and (3) the continuous illumination by 1000-1300lux light at the plant level during the culture period.
Some albino plants produced panicles with usually one or occasionally two spikelets. The florets had normal stamens and pistils. The pollen mitosis took place in the normal manner. Pollen grains with two sperm nuclei and one vegetative nucleus were often observed.
Some leaves of albino plants of strains I, II, IV, V and VI showed characteristic changes in color, being usually tinged with slight green, pale green or pale yellow, but those of other strains, III and VII, remained quite white while they were alive.
By detailed observations it was further found that in albino plants from different strains or, even in the same strains, certain plant organs showed various degrees of growth in response to the culture conditions. These characteristic responses to the culture conditions seem to occur due to different genetic backgrounds in these strains.
Green plants consisted of both heterozygous and homozygous green segregates were cultured as control by the same method as used for albino plants. In most case they grew well and produced panicles more frequently. However no remarkable difference in plant growth including pollen formation was observed between green and albino plants although more or less different responses to the culture conditions could usually be observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1343K) -
Isaburo NAGAI, Gen SUZUSHINO, Yoshio TSUBOKI1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 441-450
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic variation of anthocyanins in various parts of rice plant is analyzed in the hybrid between Toketsumochi and Norin No. 25.
Violet-purple color of the internode is dominant over green, containing chrysanthemin (C), keracyanin (K) and cyanin (Cy). The colored F2 segregates include two groups with respect to the color components, in one group, C, K and Cy co-occur like as the colored parent and F1 plants do, whereas in the other group C and K co-occur but no Cy. The ratio of two groups agrees approximately with an expectation on the basis of 3:1 ratio.
Violet-purple apiculus is dominant over green containing C and K. The colored F2 segregates include those containing C and K and those C alone. Plants in two groups agree in number with an expectation based on a 15:1 ratio.
Purple color of the stigma is suppressed in the F1 plants indicating the presence of inhibitors. The colored and colorless segregate in a 7:9 ratio. The colored stigma of the parent contains C and K, and most of the F2 colored segregates have C but in few, K co-occurs.
Dark violet color of kernels is dominant over “white”. In F2 violet-purple, brown and “white” segregate approximately in a 9:6:1 ratio. C and U (uliginosin) co-occur in the violet-purple kernel (pericarp) of the colored parent and F1, but the F2 colored segregates include those with C and U and those with C alone with an approximate ratio 9:7.
Linkage relations seem to exist between the genes relating to synthesis of different components and distribution of them to various parts of the plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1548K) -
Takashi NARISE1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 451-461
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) A number of inbred lines derived from four wild strains of D. melanogaster were tested for their general, mass and random-migratory activities. It was found that these wild strains were without exception quite heterogeneous in respect of the three kinds of migratory activities mentioned above.
2) The same wild strains were subjected to a selection experiment for higher general migratory activity. The selection proved to be effective and the selected lines were found to be very active in either mass- or random-migration.
3) The findings described above give an evidence that the migratory activities of Drosophila flies are genetic characters, a good deal of variation of which is concealed in wild populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K) -
Sumio MINAMORI1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 462-473
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Activities of catalase and of succinic dehydrogenase in unfertilized eggs and in embryos of four kinds of loach fishes and those of hybrids derived from the crosses between these fishes were measured.
2. The activities per embryo as well as per unit volume of eggs of catalase were greater in embryos of the larger kind and less in those of the smaller kind. The allometry exponent b among the four kinds of embryos in the activity against the egg volume was 1.50.
3. The activity of succinic dehydrogenase per unit volume of eggs in unfertilized eggs was alike with each other among the four kinds of fishes but that of embryos was greater in embryos of the smaller kind than in those of the larger kind. The exponent b in the allometry of the activity against the egg volume of unfertilized eggs among the four was 1.04, and that of embryos 0.64.
4. The activities of catalase in the hybrid embryos did not differ from those of the maternal control. While the activities per unit volume of eggs of succinic dehydrogenase in the hybrid embryos differed from those of the maternal control as well as those of the paternal control, being intermediate between those in embryos of the parental fishes.
5. The relationship among egg size, respiratory rates, activities of these enzymes and temperature adaptation in the loach fishes were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1019K) -
Koichiro TSUNEWAKI, Hitoshi KIHARA1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 474-484
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) It has been known that complementary necrosis in common wheat is mainly controlled by three genes, Ne1 located in chromosome 5B (V), Ne2 in 2A (XIII)and Ne3 in 3D (XVI). However, the B1 and F2 data from the cross T. macha subletshchumicum ×T. aestivum Chinese Spring indicated that a recessive gene in addition to the above-mentioned genes must be considered regarding the expression of necrosis.
2) Relationships among various varieties of common wheat concerning necrosis are represented in the diagram of Fig. 2.
3) Distribution of the three major genes in common wheat and its ancestors, Emmer wheat and Ae. squarrosa, was investigated using T. aestivum Prelude (Ne1ne2Ne3), T. aestivum Kharkov (ne1Ne2Ne3) and T. macha subletshchumicum (Ne1Ne2ne3) as test varieties.
In Emmer wheat a majority of varieties were found to have the genotype Ne1ne2, while minor fractions were either ne1ne2 or Ne1Ne2.
All strains of Ae. squarrosa so far tested had Ne3.
In common wheat, most varieties were either ne1ne2Ne3 or ne1Ne2Ne3, while a small fraction were Ne1ne2Ne3. One variety only was found to be Ne1ne2ne3 and another only one to be Ne1Ne2ne3, both belonging to T. macha.
4) From these results, the genotypes of Emmer wheat, that supplied the AB genomes to common wheat, are assumed to be Ne1ne2 or ne1ne2. T. dicoccoides spontaneo-nigrum, some forms of T. dicoccum, T. turgidum, T. persicum and T. orientale, and many varieties of T. durum have these genotypes.
The donor of the D genome to common wheat must have possessed Ne3. All strains of Ae. squarrosa so far tested had this allele.
5) The presumable hexaploid progenitor must have had either Ne1ne2Ne3 or ne1ne2Ne3. In common wheat, some forms of T. spelta, T. sphaerococcum, T. compactum and T. aestivum have these genotypes. T. macha, that is an exception in possessing the ne3 allele, is considered to be an isolated species among the hexaploids and seems not to have contributed to the origin of common wheat.
6) It is suggested that Ne2 in common wheat originated at the hexaploid level rather than to have been derived from Emmer wheat. Possibility of selective advantage of Ne2 and disadvantage of Ne1 at the hexaploid level is suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1037K) -
K. V. KRISHNAMURTY, K. V. SATYANARAYANA1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 485-497
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe F1 plants of the three species cross (Nicotiana glutinosa×N. trigonophylla) ×N. megalosiphon exhibited a high amount of interplant morphological variation.
Cytological examination of some of the hybrids showed that 1 to 11 chromosomes were eliminated in different plants. One to three bivalents per PMC were observed in most of the plants. Spore formation was irregular resulting in low pollen fertility and the hybrids were completely sterile.
It is assumed that the elimination of chromosomes was random, taking place in the early stages of embryo development and that the loss of different chromosomes was responsible for the variability observed in the trispecific progeny.View full abstractDownload PDF (2903K) -
Yukio YAMADA1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 498-509
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper is an attempt to compare the methods of estimating genetic correlations, one from the original variance and covariance analyses and the other from the two-way analysis of variance.
By contrasting the expected mean squares in the latter in terms of variance and covariance in the former, the standard estimation formula of genetic correlation was expressed by means of variance components in the two-way analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Haruo KUROKAWA1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 510-517
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Eight wild strains in race A or C of Drosophila auraria were compared with regard to their sternite bristles of males. Generally, the members of the race A show the mean numbers of bristle higher than that of the race C, but the degree of the variation is higher in the latter than in the former. Therefore by this character alone, classification of specimens to a certain race is impossible.
2. Bristle numbers of F1 and F2 hybrids between the races, A and B were compared. The mode of fluctuation of the bristle count in F1 was somewhat intermediate between those of the parents. The distribution of the bristle numbers of F2 was broader than both the parents and the F1. The bristles of the sixth sternite of the males is proved to be polygenic.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
Zen-ichi OGITA1962 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 518-521
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1012K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|