For the purpose of understanding the mechanism involved in the maintenance of genetic variability with respect to fitness in random mating populations, we performed the following experiments: Spontaneous mutant viability polygenes were accumulated in the second chromosomes of
Drosophila melanogaster. A single normal, presumably well co-adapted, second chromosome was taken from Dr. A.B. Burdick's W160S stock, which was extracted from an Erie, Pa. (U.S.A.) population, and expanded into 104 independent chromosome lines by using the marked inversion technique. Spontaneous mutations were accumulated for many generations with as little selection as possible by the mating scheme of
SMl (Cy)/Pm (5 females)×
Pm/+
i (1 male) where
i indicates line number.
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