巻号一覧
50 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
NOBUMICHI INOMATA1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 1-18
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーHistological observation of ovary culture was made in the reciprocal crosses between diploid Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino and autotetraploid B. campestris L. ssp. (Lour.) Olsson and their control (2x×2x and 4x×4x).
The ovaries were cut from maternal plants four days after pollination and then were soon explanted aseptically in the simple and complex medium with growth regulating substances (IAA, kinetin and gibberellin), yeast extract, tomato juice, casein hydrolysate and coconut milk.
Histological observation of the embryo, endosperm and seed coat was made 11 days after explantation (15 days after pollination). The results showed that the interruption of developing embryo in 4x×2x was due to poor development of the endosperm. Degeneration of embryos in 2x×4x and 4x×4x, was due to the abnormalities of endosperm and due to poorly developed embryos.
The development of embryos and endosperm was little influenced by the medium with the growth regulating substances (IAA, kinetin, gibberellin) and was influenced in the medium added with yeast extract, tomato juice, casein hydrolysate and coconut milk. Tomato juice did not promote development of ovules. The yeast extract and casein hydrolysate promoted development of embryos and endosperm in the crosses of the control (2x×2x, 4x×4x) and 4x×2x. Coconut mlik promoted in the crosses of the control and 2x×4x.
The embryos which developed earliest were three to seven days earlier than those under natural condition in each cross combination. When development of the ovule was later than that found in natural condition, abnormalities of embryo and endosperm were observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4800K) -
YASUO NAKAI, TAKIKO SHIMADA1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 19-31
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーSome morphological, cytological and biochemical characteristics of the calluses, derived from tetra- and hexaploid wheat, which were grown on various media, were investigated.
Morphological characteristics: The calluses derived from the two wheat species did not differ in morphology from each other, but growth regulators, in a broad sense, caused great variation. The 2, 4-D, kenetin and adenine sulfate gave a smooth callus, casein hydrolysate produced a congregated globular callus, and IAA and NAA caused root development. Variations in the chromosome number of callus cells did not differ due to the differences in the media used and in the length of the subculture.
Esterase zymogram: Esterase zymograms were analyzed by the gel iso-electro-focusing method. Zymograms of one, four and six days old seedlings after germination differed from each other. Zymograms of calluses which had been subcultured two or three times, became stable and uniform. When 2, 4-D was added to the medium, a callus-specific band appeared four days after germination; that is, one day earlier than the histological change of the root induced by 2, 4-D. Casein hydrolysate caused the instability of band 6 (at pI 6.5) in calluses derived from both wheat species.
Protein profile: Seed protein from T. dicoccum had more acidic fractions than did T. aestivum. Protein profiles of leaves, roots and calluses did not differ between T. dicoccum and T. aestivum. Callus closely resembled roots in this regard.
Amino acid composition of protein: The amino acid composition of protein and free amino acid were analyzed with seeds, calluses grown on different media. Seeds of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring showed a higher content of cystine than did T. dicoccum cv. Hokudai. The calluses of Chinese Spring (D callus) grown on a medium with a high concentration of 2, 4-D showed a larger amount of glutamic acid than those grown on the other media. In contrast, the contents of aspartic and glutamic acid decreased when casein hydrolysate was added to the medium. The amounts of amino acids were decreased by the supplement of casein hydrolysate. No cystine could be detected in any callus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2631K) -
YUKIO YAMADA, KUNIO YOKOUCHI, AKIRA NISHIDA1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 33-41
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーA new procedure for constructing economic weight free selection index, based on exclusively breeder's intention, is presented. In its derivation the aggregate genotype which is absolutely required in the conventional method was ignored. In this sense this method is completely new and is applicable to the case in which the relative economic weight of each trait is unknown or difficult to assess because of no available standard for the assessment.
The use of the technique to evaluate the breeder's objective whether it is attainable within a given period of time with a given selection intensity is described.
This selection index has a wide application to practical breeding operations, since it includes several conditions of constraints proposed by other workers. The formula for predicting genetic gains in those traits which are not of the breeder's primary objective is also presented.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (669K) -
HYOJI NAMAI, TOMOWO HOSODA1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 43-51
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーVolatile isothiocyanates in seed meals of various cruciferous crops were measured and were calculated as allyl isothiocyanate.
Volatile isothiocyanate was contained in all cultivars examined. Specific differences of volatile isothiocyanate content were statistically significant and seemed to be strongly connected with genome constitution, especially with bb-genome.
The correlation between content of volatile isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione was high among the species in genus Brassica without B. campestris, being r=-0.936 (p=0.05).
Total content of volatile isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione, classified genus Brassica according to species, was statistically significant and B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata and B. nigra seemed to be higher than B. oleracea and B. campestris in total content.
Only in B. oleracea there was significant difference in total content of volatile isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione among varieties.
In B. napus two interest cultivars, Tokiwa natane and Russian No. 6 natane, were found which exhibited a very low total content of volatile isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione.
The importance to study thioglucosides in cruciferous plants not only for plant breeding, but also for botany was also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (785K) -
HIROKO MORISHIMA, HIKO-ICHI OKA1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 53-65
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーThe objective of the present study is to observe differences in growth pattern and phenotypic plasticity among wild and cultivated rice strains. Six wild (Oryza perennis) and four cultivated (O. sativa) strains were observed under various conditions. The growth pattern or the pattern of sequential changes of growth rate appeared to be characteristic of the strains. Annual wild strains showed vigorous growth for a short period around the heading time, while perennial wild strains seemed to continue vegetative growth after heading. Cultivars generally had a higher growth rate than the wild strains. In annual wild strains, the elongation of first and second internodes that usually results in heading in other strains took place after heading to lift up the panicles higher. This may help the plants to disperse seeds. They also showed a low elongation rate in the seedling stage, which appeared to be associated with prostrate habit and vigorous root growth. Phenotypic plasticity was measured in terms of standard deviations of mean character values recorded under different conditions (converted into logarithms). In the size of various organs, wild strains, particularly of perennial type, were highly plastic as compared with cultivars, though the latter were more responsive to nutritional conditions in panicle number per plant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1200K) -
YASUSHI OHNUKI, ROBERT S. OLSON, DONALD E. ROUNDS1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 67-72
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2655K) -
形態的形成過程における遺伝要因と環境要因の影響の変化について村居 正雄1975 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 73-90
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2007/05/21
ジャーナル フリーマウス下顎臼歯および下顎骨について, その形態学的形成の過程における遺伝要因と環境要因の寄与ならびに, 発育に伴うそれらの変化を明らかにするため, A/Jax, CBA/Jax, C57BL/6Jax の3近交系を用いて総あたり交配実験を行ない, 次の結果を得た.
1. 下顎の3本の臼歯の大きさには系統差があり, M1とM2はCBA系が最も大きく, A系とC57BL系はほぼ等しいが, M3ではC57BL系>CBA系>A系の順である.
2. 系統間遺伝率はM1(0.77)とM2(0.86)で高い値を示したが, M3は0.51で著しく低い. Wearden(1964) の数学的モデルに従って求めた分散成分を見ると, M1とM2では遺伝分散が約80%を占め, 環境分散は20%に達せず, 母体効果は事実上0であるが, M3では遺伝分散は26%の低値で, 母体効果分散が40%, 環境分散は34%で, M1, M2よりも著しく高い.
3. 臼歯の大きさと生後1週齢の体重との相関は系統と歯種によって一定しないが, 3週齢の体重との相関はどの系統でも M1<M2≪M3であった.
4. すなわち遅れて形成されるM3は, 遺伝子型効果よもり母体あるいは母乳を通じての母体環境の影響を含めた環境の影響を最も強く受けるものである.
5. A系, CBA系および CBA♀×A♂ 交配からM3の欠如した個体が出現した. 分析の結果, これらの系統ではM3の分散が大きいこと, 歯が小さいこと, ことにM1とM2に対するM3の相対的大きさがC57BL系に比べて著しく小さいこと等が認められ, これらが歯の欠如と何らかの関係を有していることが考察された.
6. 下顎骨の大きさについて臼歯と同様の遺伝学的分析を行なったところ, 増齢に伴って遺伝率の増加することを認めた.
7. 臼歯および下顎骨について得られた知見と, Monteiro and Falconer (1966) のマウス体重についての研究結果に基づいて, 遺伝子型効果, 母体効果, および環境要因による効果の相対的比重が, マウスの日齢とともに変化する様相を模式図で示し, 考察を加えた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1726K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|