The Japanese Journal of Genetics
Online ISSN : 1880-5787
Print ISSN : 0021-504X
ISSN-L : 0021-504X
Volume 63, Issue 6
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • Takashi Ryu ENDO, Yasuhiko MUKAI
    1988 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 501-505
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Speltoid mutants, which have slender spikes, were found in the offspring of a cross, euploid common wheat, Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ (_??_)X an alien addition line of Chinese Spring having the long arm of an Aegilops longissima chromosome. With the offspring of three of these speltoid mutants, chromosome mapping was conducted for a speltoid suppression gene Q of common wheat. The C-banding study demonstrated that the speltoid character was always associated with partial deletions in the long arm of chromosome 5A. The abnormal 5A with the least deletion retained the intercalary C-band which was located at about 54 per cent of the long arm from the centromere. Therefore, it was properly decided that the Q gene was situated somewhere in the distal 46 per cent region of the 5A long arm.
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  • VII. Allozyme variability in Japan, Korea, and China
    Ohmi OHNISHI
    1988 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 507-522
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Allozyme variability at 19 loci affecting 12 enzymes were analyzed electrophoretically in 24 Japanese, 3 Korean, and 16 Chinese populations of common buckwheat. Most of the populations were polymorphic at 8 loci, Adh, Dia-2, Got-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-3, 6-Pgdh-1, Pgm-2, and Sdh-1. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 31.6-42.1% and the average heterozygosity was in the range of 0.110-0.138. The level of variability was almost the same as that found in Nepal and India, and was slightly higher than the average of other outbreeding plant species. The allelic frequencies did not vary much among the populations studied, although the Chinese populations had slightly more genetic variability than the Japanese and Korean populations. The present results together with those for the Indian and Nepali populations (Ohnishi and Nishimoto, 1988) led to the following conclusions. The allelic frequencies at the polymorphic loci did not vary much among Asian populations extending from Nepal to Japan; geographical differentiation of allozyme frequencies, due mostly to the loss of alleles, has occurred only at the margins of the distribution, such as in the Kumaun and Garwhal hills and in Kashmir in India. This rather unexpected uniformity of allelic frequencies seems to be due to large population size, panmixis within populations, and gene flow between populations, conforming to the theoretical models of Maruyama (1971) and Kimura and Maruyama (1971). Buckwheat does not have a strict center of genetic diversity, but the highest within-population variability was found in the region from southern China to Nepal. Based on the observed minor differences in allozyme frequencies between populations, possible processes of the spreading of buckwheat cultivation in Asia are discussed.
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  • Takashige ISHII, Toru TERACHI, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI
    1988 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 523-536
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Relationships between chloroplast genomes (=ctDNAs) from diploid, A- genome species of rice (Oryza spp.) were established using length differences in restriction fragments of ctDNAs. Five out of 11 endonucleases used revealed differences in ctDNA fragment lengths among 19 accessions of the cultivated species, O. sativa and O. glaberrima. A larger sample of ctDNAs from 66 accessions of both wild and cultivated species were analyzed with three of those five endonucleases, resulting in the identification of nine types of chloroplast genome. In the wild species, the four geographical forms of O. perennis were found to contain one (African), one (Oceanian), three (Asian), and four (American) types, whereas O. breviligulata contained only one type of chloroplast genome. In the cultivated species, the three ecospecies of O. sativa contained one (Japonica and Javanica) and three (Indica) types, whereas O. glaberrima contained one type of chloroplast genome. The latter type was shared exclusively with O. breviligulata, suggesting that the former species had been domesticated from the latter. Two chloroplast genome types were shared by O. sativa and the Asian form of O. perennis, suggesting that the former species had derived from the latter via two domestication events.
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  • Hideo KOBAYASHI, Kouji MATSUMOTO, Hideo HIROKAWA
    1988 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 537-541
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of tripeptide, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), on the transfection activity of Bacillus phage M2 DNA was examined. The transfection activity decreased when M2 DNA was preincubated with RGD before it was added to competent cells.
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  • Kinya TORIYAMA, Toshiya YANAGINO, Khorshid RAZMJOO, Ryuichi ISHII, Kok ...
    1988 Volume 63 Issue 6 Pages 543-547
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The CO2 compensation point and its relation to the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) type were investigated on the somatic hybrids between Brassica oleracea, a C3 plant and Moricandia arvensis, a C3-C4 intermediate plant. The fragment patterns of cpDNA digested with restriction endonuclease (XhoI) showed that the somatic hybrid plants had the cpDNA of either B. oleracea or M. arvensis. Out of 11 plants investigated, 5 plants had the cpDNA of B. oleracea, while 6 had that of M. arvensis. However, both types of the hybrids showed as high a CO2 compensation point as B. oleracea irrespective of their cpDNA. In this respect, the C3-C4 intermediate character of M. arvensis was not expressed in the hybrids.
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