The Japanese Journal of Genetics
Online ISSN : 1880-5787
Print ISSN : 0021-504X
ISSN-L : 0021-504X
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Volume 66, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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REGULAR PAPERS
  • On the Robertsonian polymorphism found in the Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus)
    M. Y. WADA, H. T. IMAI
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Karyotypes of 39 Japanese raccoon dogs (NPV) which appeared in the literature and of 7 previously unreported specimens were examined. Thirty four individuals showed the standard karyotype 2K=26M+10A+(M)X+(A)Y+Bs (2n=38+Bs), where Bs are supernumerary chromosomes. The remaining 11 individuals had 2K=25M+12A+XY+Bs (2n=39+Bs) and one was 2K=23M+16A+XY+Bs (2n=41+Bs). The G- and C-banding analyses of both somatic and germ cells revealed that these karyotypes with odd numbers are heterozygous (M/A) for a single Robertsonian rearrangement of chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 8, or 11, and one is M/A heterozygous for three autosomes: 5, 6, and 11.
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  • Survival mechanism of dried calli and regeneration of plants in rice
    D. H. SHIN, S. VIRIGOOL, K.-Y. SHINOZAKI, K. OONO
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 13-25
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.13
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    A system for long-term dry preservation of calli of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and a protection mechanism regulating the survival of dried calli were investigated. The highest survival of dried calli and the highest regeneration rate of plantlets were observed in calli which had been pretreated with 10-5 M abscisic acid (ABA) in the presence of 90 g/l of sucrose and were regrown on an R-2 medium. We detected a corresponding accumulation of the transcript RNA of the rab 16A gene (a rice gene induced by ABA and water stress) in dried calli, mature seeds, and calli pretreated with 10-5 M ABA. The levels of this mRNA increased with the increase of the sucrose concentation, indicating that the accumulation of rab 16A mRNA is regulated by ABA at higher concentrations of sucrose and related to the survival of dried calli. Analysis of proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) demonstrated similar protein patterns in fresh and dried calli. However, in the dried calli pretreated with 10-5 M ABA and 90 g/l of sucrose, different protein patterns were found compared to those in a callus dried without the pretreatment, indicating that some specific polypeptides might be synthesized in the pretreated dried callus.
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  • Somatic mutation frequencies in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia grown in soil samples from the Bikini Island
    Sadao ICHIKAWA, Chizu ISHII
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 27-40
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.27
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    Somatic pink mutation frequencies in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia BNL 02 clone grown for 76 days in two soil samples taken from the Bikini Island (where a hydrogen bomb explosion test had been conducted in 1954) were investigated. A significantly high mutation frequency (2.58±0.17 pink mutant events per 103 hairs or 1.34±0.09 pink mutant events per 104 hair-cell divisions) was observed for the plant grown in one of the two Bikini soil samples, as compared to the control plants (1.70±0.14 or 0.88±0.07, respectively) grown in the field soil of Saitama University. The soil sample which caused the significant increase in mutation frequency contained 6,880±330 mBq/g 137Cs, 62.5±4.4 mBq/g 60Co, and some other nuclides; a 150 μR/hr exposure rate being measured on the surface of the soil sample. The effective cumulative external exposures measured for the inflorescences of the plant grown in this soil sample averaged at most 60.8 mR, being too small to explain the significant elevation in mutation frequency observed. On the other hand, internal exposure due to uptake of radioactive nuclides was estimated to be 125 mrad (1.25 mGy) as an accumulated effective dose, mainly based on a gamma-spectrometrical analysis. However, it seemed highly likely that this value of internal exposure was a considerable underestimate, and the internal exposure was considered to be more significant than the external exposure.
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  • Survey of endogenous gibberellins in a barley mutant showing abnormal response to gravity
    Ismail TÜRKAN, Hiroshi SUGE
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.41
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    Contents of endogenous gibberellins were surveyed in a barley mutant showing abnormal response to gravity in comparison with the original normal line. The contents were assayed by using gibberellin-sensitive dwarf rice strains Tanginbozu and Waito-C. Gibberellin activities were found to be greatly reduced in the mutant line throughout the growth period, and in different plant parts, i, e., leaves, stems and heads. After heading time, gibberellin activities obtained by the Waito-C assay was especially reduced in the mutant line. These results suggest that biosynthesis, especially the ability in the site of 3β-hydroxylation, is greatly reduced in the mutant line.
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  • Chromosomal rearrangement In(2)TY and linkage maps of the second chromosome of Drosophila virilis
    Kendo TSUNO, Osamu YAMAGUCHI
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 49-58
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.49
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    A chromosomal rearrangement In(2)TY, found in a natural population of Drosophila virilis, was examined cytologically, and its genetical characterization was carried out by the use of some marker isozymes and visible marker loci. From the interspecific hybridization between D. virilis and D. americana or D. texana, we deduced that the origin of In(2)TY was from a member of a closely related species of virilis.
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  • Phylogenetic relationships in the stone fruit group of Prunus as revealed by restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA
    Chiyomi UEMATSU, Tetsuo SASAKUMA, Yasunari OGIHARA
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 59-69
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.59
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In order to clarify the genetic relationships among stone fruits, a restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) was applied to cultivated Prunus species, whose genetic diagnoses are difficult because of their heterogeneity and long life span. Chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) were extracted from leaves of nine stone fruit accessions covering six species of Prunus. A restriction fragment analysis was conducted by gel elcetrophoresis after digestion with these endonucleases. The genome sizes of the cpDNAs were about 135-139 kbp, and the fruits were classified into seven chloroplast genome types according to their restriction fragment patterns. Two peach cultivars and nectarine were found to harbor identical plastomes, differing from those of two wild peaches and the European plum. This suggests that two culvivated peaches (P. persica) did not receive the cytoplasm from the wild peaches, P. mira and P. davidiana. Phylogenetic relationships among these types were then estimated based on the shared common fragments among the species.
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