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Volume 66 (1991)
- Issue 6 Pages 669-
- Issue 5 Pages 535-
- Issue 4 Pages 367-
- Issue 3 Pages 227-
- Issue 2 Pages 117-
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Volume 66, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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REGULAR PAPERS
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Ill Sup NOU, Masao WATANABE, Akira ISOGAI, Hideyuki SHIOZAWA, Akinori ...1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 227-239
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVariation of S-alleles and S-glycoproteins associated with self-incompatibility was studied in a naturalized population of Brassica campestris growing in Oguni-machi, Japan. Of 58 plants collected from the population, 45 were self-incompatible and 8 were self-compatible. Of 32 families investigated on their selfed progenies, 30 families showed segregation fitting to one locus S-allele model of sporophytic self-incompatibility. From cross-pollination experiments between 35 S-homozygotes so far isolated, 16 different S-alleles were identified, and the number of S-alleles involved in this population was estimated to be 20-30. S-glycoproteins corresponding to each S-allele were determined by immunoblotting with polyclonal antibody against S8-glycoprotein. Concanavalin A and Coomassie Blue stainings were also applied to determining corresponding S-glycoproteins, but were not so clear as the antibody cross reaction. It is pointed out that a stigma involves a number of proteins with different pI points, which are cross-reactive with anti-S-glycoprotein-antiserum. Many of these proteins are heritable in correlation with major S-glycoproteins. Since the content of these proteins was variable, we tentatively classified major and minor S-glycoproteins, and assumed that these S-glycoproteins were controlled by S-like DNA sequences with closely linked S-locus. Beside these S-glycoproteins, presence of heterozygote specific proteins was also pointed out, suggesting occurrence of post-transcriptional modification of these proteins. The pI values of major S-glycoproteins ranged from 5.0-9.0 and those at 7.0-9.0 were frequent.
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Hisako OHTSUBO, Masaaki UMEDA, Eiichi OHTSUBO1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 241-254
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDigestion of the total genomic DNA from rice Oryza sativa L. cv. C5924 with EcoRI generated an intense band of a DNA fragment of about 0.36 kb long. The DNA fragment cloned into pUC19 was used to hybridize with the total rice genomic DNA partially digested with EcoRI. A ladder of bands of DNA fragments with multiplied length of 0.36 kb was observed, demonstrating that this sequence occurs in tandem in the genome. The copy number of the sequence estimated by dot blot hybridization analysis was 2000-3000 copies per haploid genome from callus or seedling of C5924. This sequence was present in other O. sativa cultivars, such as Sasanishiki in 700-900 copies, Koshihikari in 3400-4300, and Nipponbare in 4600-6000 copies. Another rice species, O. glaberrima, also had this sequence in 540-680 copies, but four lines of foxtail millet had none. The DNA fragments containing the repeated sequences in Nipponbare were then cloned into λ EMBL3, and sequences of nine units consecutively repeated and an AT-rich sequence connected with them in a phage clone could be determined. Each repeating unit showed sequence divergency mostly by substitution of bases in a range from 3% to 7%, when compared with a 355-bp consensus sequence. Analyses of the substituted bases indicate that these are due to spontaneous mutations which occurred at random, after reiteration of a unit sequence by unequal crossing over events. Gene conversion within the repeated sequences might have further diversified their sequences.
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Yuka NAGATA, Etsuko T. MATSUURA1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 255-261
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy induced artificially in Drosophila melanogaster (Matsuura et al., 1989), foreign mtDNA derived from D. mauritiana was selectively transmitted at 25°C but was lost at 19°C (Niki et al., 1989; Matsuura et al., 1990, 1991). To investigate temperature-dependent factors in the selective transmission of mtDNA, the temperature-dependency of electron-transport activity of mitochondria from D. melanogaster in which endogenous mtDNA was completely replaced by the foreign mtDNA was compared with that of D. melanogaster and D. mauritiana. For NADH-oxidase activity, the optimum temperature of D. mauritiana mitochondria was 35°C while for two types of mitochondria from D. melanogaster each possessing either endogenous or exogenous mtDNA, maximum activity was noted at 32°C. This observation suggests that the temperature-dependency of mitochondrial electron-transport activity is mainly determined by a nuclear genome. NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were not significantly different among the three types of mitochondria. The temperature-dependency of mitochondrial function apparently is not involved in the temperature-dependent selective transmission of mtDNA in the heteroplasmic state.
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Fuyuo HIHARA1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 263-278
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo sublines, B-202 and B-207, which were derived from crosses between Or-R (M) females and Cy/Pm (P) males were found to cause a new type of gonadal dysgenic sterility, designated as the GD-3. GD-3 sterility showed a typical reciprocal cross effect under the P-M system. It was caused at the frequency close to 100% in dysgenic offsprings reared above 25°C, of which gonads were morphologically clearly different from those of usual GD sterility, whereas there was no indication of GD-3 sterility at temperatures below 24°C. Temperature sensitive period of GD-3 sterility was estimated to the prepupal stage by shift-down experiment. In the B-202 subline, the 2nd chromosomes marked with Pm alone carried GD-3 elements. Those of the B-207 subline, however, were estimated to locate both on the 2nd and 3rd chromosomes, acting synergistically with each other.
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Hideo HONDA, Kazuya ITOH, Atsushi HIRAI1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 279-289
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (ct) DNA were characterized in somatic hybrids obtained by fusion of protoplasts from two species, Nicotiana glauca and N. langsdorffii. Three and a half months after the fusion, total DNA was extracted from 50-100 mg of callus and of leaf tissue. Southern hybridization was carried out with several probes from organelle DNA. The results revealed that widespread rearrangements of mtDNA had occurred in the majority of hybrid calli. Even subclones derived from the same original hybrid callus generated different patterns of rearrangements. In contrast to our results for calli, we found that leaves contained almost a simple parental-type mtDNA, namely, that of N. langsdorffii in this experiment, and few rearrangements of mtDNA were detected. Data obtained with cob as probe distinctly showed the difference between calli and leaves. These results suggest that there may be a correlation between the organization of mtDNA in hybrids and the ability of hybrids to regenerate, since nuclear genomes of hybrids are known to be stable. Segregation of two kinds of ctDNA was observed more frequently in leaves than in calli. It was also apparent that there was no correlation between species of chloroplasts and species of mitochondria since we found a heterogeneous component of organelles.
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Takashi R. ENDO, Yasuhiko MUKAI, Maki YAMAMOTO, Bikram S. GILL1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 291-295
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA terminal deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4B was obtained in the progeny of an alien monosomic addition line of common wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Thell) with a chromosome from Aegilops cylindrica Host. Common wheat plants homozygous for the deletion were completely male sterile. The breakpoint was at about 84% of the length of the short arm from the centromere. Therefore, the male-fertility gene was located in the distal 16% region of the chromosome 4B short arm. This terminal deletion practically suppressed meiotic pairing between the short arms of the normal 4B and the deletion 4B chromosomes.
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Masami SAWA1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 297-303
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMature eggs dissected from the ovary of unmated sawflies (Tenthredinidae, Hymenoptera) can be activated to develop (to haploid males), simply by placing on a filter paper wet with distilled water. These unfertilized eggs may be injected with sperm, and some, successfully completing fertilization, develop as diploid females. Premating reproductive isolation exists between two sympatric species of this family, Athalia rosae ruficornis Jokovlev and Athalia infumata Marlatt. Taking advantage of the difference in karyotypes, it is shown that hetero-specific sperm injection results in successful fertilization and that the hybrid survives at least through the middle stage of embryogenesis.
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Hiroaki SUZUKI, Yuzo FUTSUHARA, Fumio TAKAIWA, Nori KURATA1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 305-312
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe location of storage protein glutelin gene on a chromosome was determined by in situ hybridization made between glutelin cDNA clone and mitotic chromosomes in rice. After hybridization, the location of 3H-labelled glutelin gene was analyzed on chromosomes of twenty one cells. It was found that silver grains were mainly concentrated on the short arm of chromosome 2 (K2 chromosome), demonstrating that the gene responsible for storage protein glutelin was located on this chromosome.
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Shaoke WANG, Nora L. V. LAPITAN, Takumi TSUCHIYA1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 313-316
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTelomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. In order to characterize the telomeres of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), in situ hybridization to somatic metaphase chromosomes was conducted, using the cloned telomere sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed hybridization signals at both ends of all 14 chromosomes. No hybridization signals at interstitial sites were observed. These results indicate that the telomere sequences of Arabidopsis are also found on the ends of barley chromosomes. The hybridization signals were observed to vary in size between arms of the same chromosomes, indicating differences in copy numbers of the telomeric repeat. With in situ hybridization, the barley telomeres became physically visible under the light microscope.
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Shin KORE-EDA, Tadako MURAYAMA, Isao UNO1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 317-334
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA single gene (nac) encoding an adenylate cyclase was cloned from the genomic DNA library of Neurospora crassa, using the DNA fragment encoding the catalytic domain of adenylate cyclase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probe. The open reading frame of this gene (6900 base pairs) was interrupted three time by introns. The protein encoded consists of 2300 amino acids and has adenylate cyclase activity. N. crassa adenylate cyclase has a high degree of homology with the catalytic domains of yeast and bovine brain adenylate cyclases.
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Junko MIYAMOTO, Siro KURITA, Kiichi FUKUI1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 335-345
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, C-banding patterns of the karyotypes of two herbs, Paris tetraphylla and Paris verticillata, were observed and their accurate idiograms were drawn using the CHromosome Image Analyzing System, CHIAS. Then similarities and dissimilarities between the karyotypes of both species were clarified. Our research indicated that the C-bands of the Paris species examined can be classified into four types: 1) Large stable bands such as Cp6, Dp1 and Dq2 of P. tetraphylla and Bp4, Cp6, Dp1 and Ep4 of P. verticillata. 2) Unstable and individual-specific bands. Segments Ap2, Aq2, Bp2, Bq2, Cp2, Cp4, Cq2, Ep2 and Eq2 belong to this type. 3) Very small dot-like bands which appeared only in the segments Dq3 of P. tetraphylla and Dq1 of P. verticillata. 4) C-band positive dots which appeared at the terminal and centromeric regions of all chromosomes of both species.
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Hiroshi SUGE, Tadashi SATO, Tadashi KUMAGAI1991 Volume 66 Issue 3 Pages 347-361
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApplication of an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis alleviated the UV-B injury in rice seedlings when tested for chlorophyll content per unit fresh and dry weight. A genetic study was conducted by crossing Tan-ginbozu, a gibberellin-deficient mutant, against two floating rice cultivars that presumably contain large amounts of endogenous gibberellins. The heritabilities of plant height, and chlorophyll content per unit fresh and dry weight were high in the F2 plants in non UV-B irradiated control populations. When those plants were treated with UV-B irradiation, the F2 population tended to shift to the lower range in the chlorophyll content per unit weight, and the value of heritability fluctuated depending on the cross and characters measured. Selection of plants that are highly resistant to UV-B irradiation can be made possible by finding the range of UV-B energy that increases the difference between sensitive and resistant, while also increasing the value of the heritability.
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