巻号一覧
66 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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ARTICLES
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Motojiro YOSHIHARA, Etsuko TAKASU-ISHIKAWA, Yoshiki HOTTA1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 535-550
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーAlthough a family of transposon, P elements, are used as tools for molecular genetics in Drosophila melanogaster, the molecular details and mechanism of their mobilization process have not been studied extensively. In particular, the relationship between excision and transposition is little understood. We have previously produced a transgenic fly with a P element insertion that is non-autonomous (stable without transposase) and is highly-transposable in the presence of transposase. Using this insertion, we traced its mobilizations following introduction of a stable transposase source. We found a strain that has a 26-bp tandem repeat at the end of the original P element insertion. The 26-bp repeat reduced the frequency of excision although the frequency of transposition was not altered. Our results indicate independence of transposition from excision and importance of terminal repeat in excision.
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Morphogenesis of floral organs in Arabidopsis: Predominant carpel formation of the pin-formed mutantNobuharu GOTO, Norio KATOH, Albert R. KRANZ1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 551-567
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーA young flower stalk of pin-formed (pin) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana forms no floral organ and bares its growing apex. In the latter stages of growth the apex of the flower stalk becomes fasciate or circular, and then develops numerous deformed flowers from its flanks. The flattening of the apex and the variety of flower morphology are more remarkable in the plants carried over winter in a greenhouse than those grown in a growth chamber of controlled temperature and light. The flowers of the pin mutant are entirely sterile, and the developed floral organs (sepal, petal, stamen and pistil) show various degrees of abnormality in number and shape. Among floral organs carpels are most predominantly formed, and the carpels often develop into pistils with ovary, stigma, papillae and ovule-like particles. Various homeotic transformations such as sepal-to-carpel, petal-to-carpel and stamen-to-carpel occur. The preferential carpel formation strongly suggests an epistatic relation between carpel gene(s) and genes controlling other floral organs, i.e., expression of carpel gene(s) is indispensable for differentiation of the four floral organs. If the genes controlling the development of sepals, petals or stamens would not function, carpeloid organs would inevitably appear on their whorls. The hierarchical relationship among the genes controlling the floral organ development is discussed.
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Masaaki UMEDA, Hisako OHTSUBO, Eiichi OHTSUBO1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 569-586
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーThe waxy (wx) gene of Oryza glaberrima was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. A waxy mutant of O. glaberrima showing a glutinous phenotype was found to contain a substitution mutation generating a termination codon in the coding region of the wx gene. The Wx sequence of O. glaberrima was different from that of Oryza sativa by substitutions and insertions/deletions, among which only a few substitutions occurred in several exons not to severely alter the amino acid sequence of the Wx protein. The most striking difference observed in introns was a 139-bp deletion (or insertion) in intron 10 of O. glaberrima (or O. sativa). In O. sativa, 125bp of the 139-bp sequence was flanked by direct repeats of a 14-bp sequence. A sequence homologous to the 125-bp sequence was found in the region preceding exon 2; this sequence was also flanked by direct repeats of another 14-bp sequence. This result and the observation that the 125-bp sequence was interspersed in rice genomes indicate that they are SINEs (short interspersed elements) in the plant system. We also identified a DNA sequence with long terminal inverted repeats in intron 13 of both O. glaberrima and O. sativa. This sequence was present in multiple copies in rice genomes, suggesting that it is a transposable element. These results obtained suggest that mobile DNA elements have diversified the rice Waxy gene by inserting into introns, each of which may originally have a length of about 100 bp.
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Shin TAKETA, Tetsuya NAKAZAKI, Shoji SHIGENAGA, Hirotada YAMAGATA1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 587-596
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーForty-six stable (21II) hexaploid plants were cytologically screened in the F5 generation of a cross between a hexaploid triticale cv. Armadillo (2D/2R substitution type) and a bread wheat cv. Chinese Spring. In order to determine the constitution of R- and D-genome chromosomes of the stable F5 plants, F6 progeny of each F5 plant was analyzed by C-banding. Of the 46 plants, 43 had no translocation, while one was homozygous and two were heterozygous for translocation. Of the theoretically possible 26 = 64 kinds of chromosome constitutions, only 12 kinds were obtained in the stable plants without translocation. They had zero to six pairs of R-genome chromosomes and appeared with different frequencies. Frequently observed chromosome constitutions, which independently originated from many F2 progenitors, had one, four, five or six pairs of R-genome chromosomes. Chromosomes 1R, 3R and 6R were independently replaced by their respective homoeologous D-genome chromosomes. Chromosomes 4R, 5R and 7R always behaved together except in two infrequent chromosome constitutions in which 5R was separated from 4R and 7R. From the information so far reported about the homoeologous relationship between rye and wheat chromosomes, we inferred that the incomplete homoeology of 4R, 5R and 7R to the corresponding homoeologous D-genome chromosomes was responsible for the concurrent presence or absence of these three R-genome chromosomes.
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Akira KANAZAWA, Wataru SAKAMOTO, Naoki KISHIMOTO, Masahiro YANO, Nobuh ...1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 597-607
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーA genetical study on the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear DNAs which share homology with rice mitochondrial plasmid-like DNAs, B1, B2, B3 and B4 was carried out. Restriction fragments of the nuclear DNAs hybridized with these plasmid-like DNAs showed polymorphisms in their length between Indica and Japonica rice cultivars. The hybridized signals found specifically in Indica or Japonica cultivars segregated in the F2 population derived from a cross between these two subspecies. The observed ratio of the nuclear homologues in the F2 population demonstrated that they were transmitted according to the Mendelian inheritance. The co-segregation of homologues was examined and the linkage was detected between the B1-nuclear homologue of Japonica and the B4-nuclear homologue of Indica, and also between the nuclear homologues of B2 and B3 of Indica. The linkage between the B1-nuclear homologue of Japonica and the B4-nuclear homologue of Indica was conserved in the different rice cultivars.
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Yuko TSUJIMOTO, Yuzo NIKI, Etsuko T. MATSUURA1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 609-616
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーThe temperature-dependent transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was investigated in heteroplasmic lines of Drosophila melanogaster established by germ-plasm transplantation. Using D. melanogaster, D. simulans and D. mauritiana as germ-plasm donors, five recipient-donor combinations of heteroplasmy, differing from those previously examined (Matsuura et al., 1991), were constructed. For intraspecific reciprocal combinations, donor mtDNA in one combination was retained at 25°C but was almost lost by the tenth generation at 19°C. In the reciprocal, the proportion of the same type of recipient mtDNA decreased more quickly at 19°C than 25°C. Decreasing rates at 19°C in the reciprocals differed from each other. For interspecific combinations, two species were used as germ-plasm donors. Donor mtDNA derived from D. simulans was lost at both temperatures and the rate of decrease was greater at 19°C than 25 °C. The proportion of donor mtDNA derived from D. mauritiana increased at a greater rate at 25°C than 19°C when using two different strains of D. melanogaster as recipients. These results suggest that both the nuclear and two types of mitochondrial genomes are involved in the selective transmission of mtDNA.
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Yao-Guang LIU, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 617-633
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーSixty-six F2 plants from the cross, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (abbrev. CS) ×T. spelta var. duhamelianum (Spelta), exhibiting the greatest number of RFLPs among eight common wheats, were analyzed for their RFLP genotypes using genomic DNA clones of CS as probes. In total, 204 RFLP loci were identified and their linkage relationships established. By nulli-tetrasomic analyses, all linkage groups were assigned to one or another of the 21 wheat chromosomes. In addition, the carrier chromosomes of 228 non-RFLP loci were identified. The linkage maps of these RFLP loci have a total size of 1800 cM and exceed those of the classical genes in both size and locus number. Twenty loci show distorted segregation, four of which are clustered on chromosome 4A and three on the 2D chromosome. The CS alleles on 4A exhibit preferential transmission, while those on 2D exhibit depressed transmission, compared with Spelta alleles. This suggests the influence of gametic factors in those regions. RFLP loci are much fewer in the D genome than in the A and B genomes, but the numbers of non-RFLP loci are nearly the same in these three genomes. This suggests that Spelta wheat originated from a hybridization between T. dicoccum (spelt emmer) and T. aestivum.
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Hirotami T. IMAI1991 年 66 巻 5 号 p. 635-661
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2006/06/10
ジャーナル フリーA quantitative analysis of the alterations of constitutive heterochromatin in eukaryotic chromosomal evolution was attempted using the accumulated C-banding data available for mammals, amphibians, fish, ants, grasshoppers, and plants. It was found that these eukaryotes could be classified into two types by their C-banding patterns: 1) Type I included mammals, fish, and ants, and 2) Type II included amphibians, grasshoppers, and plants. C-bands were rather scarce in Type I eukaryote chromosomes and were found around the pericentromeric region when present at all, whereas the predominance of interstitial or terminal C-bands was found in Type II eukaryote chromosomes. The Type I and II C-banding patterns can best be interpreted by assuming that in the former group of eukaryotes the saltatory increase in constitutive heterochromatin occurs preferentially at the pericentromeric regions of telocentric chromosomes induced by centric fission, with C-bands being eliminated almost completely by centric fusion and/or pericentric inversion. On the other hand, C-bands appear in the Type II eukaryotes both interstitially and in the telomeric regions of chromosomes, and there may be no effective mechanism to eliminate these bands once they are integrated.
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