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70 巻, 1 号
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Junpei ISHIGURO, Wataru KOBAYASHI1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 1-6
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーHigh-voltage shock within a very short duration under the proper conditions causes cells to incorporate exogenous macromolecules. This technique, electro-poration, has been widely used in recent years to transform many organisms. We determined optimum conditions for fission yeast transformation using this method. Of nineteen combinations of electric field strength and pulse time examined, 1.75 kV/0.2 cm, 4 msec pulse was found to provide approximately 4.0 × 105 transformants per μg of DNA. Other factors responsible for the transformation efficiency in fission yeast are also discussed.
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Shoji SONODA, Tetsuji YAMADA, Tikahiko NAITO, Fusao NAKASUJI1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 7-16
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーFamilies of the repetitive DNA sequences from Hemitaxonus minomensis and H. athyrii were characterized. pHMS family and pHME family in H. minomensis consist of tandemly arranged arrays whose basic repeat units are 260bp and 330bp, respectively. pHAE family in H. athyrii consists of a tandemly arranged array whose basic repeat unit is 330 bp. pHMS family and pHME family occupy approximately 4.8% and 0.07% of the genome of H. minomensis, respectively. By contrast, in H. athyrii, pHAE family comprise 0.04% of the genome. Nucleotide sequence comparison of these three repetitive families showed very little homology. Southern blot hybridization using six species of Hemitaxonus showed that these repetitive families are species specific.
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Tsuyoshi KAWASHIMA, Nobumoto MIYASHITA, Kimiyuki TsucHIYA, Hai LI, Fen ...1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 17-23
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーWe surveyed the geographical distribution of Hbb haplotypes of the house mouse, Mus musculus, in the former USSR and the northern part of China. Mice with the w1 haplotype were distributed from the coastal area of the Black Sea to the Maritime Province of Siberia in the former USSR and in the area north of the Yangtze River in China. Mice with the p haplotype were found in the areas surrounding those populated with the w1 haplotype mice. In the Maritime Province and the southern part of Siberia, the d haplotype was predominant. The correlation between the geographical variation of the Hbb haplotypes and the distribution of the Mus musculus subspecies in the eastern part of the Eurasian Continent, is discussed.
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Takao ONO, Risaku FUKUMOTO, Yasumitsu KONDOH, Michihiro C. YOSHIDA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 25-33
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーLEC rats develop disorder of copper metabolism and hepatitis similar to those of human Wilson's disease. We recently demonstrated that the gene responsible for hepatitis (hts) of LEC rats is homologous to Wilson's disease gene (WD). The present study showed a deletion of at least 90 base pair of WD cDNA in LEC rats, which corresponds to nucleotides 3981 to 4071 in human WD cDNA sequence. This deletion was linked with hepatic copper accumulation and hepatitis, and considered to be a primary mutation for hepatic disorder in the LEC rat. The WD gene was assigned to rat chromosome 16 at band q12.2-q12.4 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
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Kouki KITAMURA, Yu-ichiro TORII, Chiaki MATSUOKA, Kazuo YAMAMOTO1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 35-45
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーTo obtain insight into the nature and mechanisms of spontaneous mutations, Escherichia coli K12 strain TM31 was constructed to determine, by DNA sequencing, the mutational spectrum of the tonB gene on the chromosome. We inserted the chloramphenicol resistant gene 1.6 kb upstream of the tonB gene, thus making it possible to retrieve the mutated tonB gene from the chromosome by shotgun cloning using a drug-resistant marker. The spontaneous mutation frequency in the tonB gene, which was judged by its colicin B-resistant phenotype, is 3~10×10-7. Spontaneous mutations were dominated by large insertions that are identified by DNA sequencing to be IS elements; IS1 dominated, but IS2, IS5, and IS10 were also obtained. In uvrA- strain, transposition of both IS10-R and IS10-L are equally increased, suggesting the interaction of the UvrA protein and IS10 transposition. The base substitutions are the second largest group of mutations, among which G :C→A :T transition is predominant. Deletions also contribute significantly in wild type with regard to DNA repair and uvrA- s trains, but not recA- strain, suggesting that the RecA protein is involved to some extent in deletion formation. Endpoints of these deletions do not always correlate with the presence of repeated sequences, indicating the absence of homologous recombination for deletion formation.
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Taira KATAYAMA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 47-55
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーIntergeneric hybrids involving Oryza punctata (2n=48, BBCC) with Leersia tisseranti (2n=24), O. punctata with L. perrieri (2n=24), O. latifolia (2n=48, CCDD) with L. tisseranti and O. latifolia with L. perrieri were produced at frequencies varying from 0.11% to 0.23% of the pollinated spikelets. Plant morphologies of the hybrids strongly resembled the tetraploid Oryza species. Five hybrids obtained from the four cross-combinations had the expected chromosome number of 2n=36 (trihaploid) in the somatic cells. The average meiotic chromosome pairings per cell were 0.23II +35.58I + 0.141/2I (dividing univalent) for O. punctata × L. tisseranti; 0.11 II+35.51I+0.221/2I for O. punctata × L. perrieri; 0.17II+35.63I+0.11 1/2I for O. latifolia × L. tisseranti; and 0.25II+35.49I+0.151/2I for O. latifolia × L. perrieri. From these results, it seems that most of the bivalents observed at MI with a low frequency had originated from the auto-syndetic association of the chromosomes of O. punctata or O. latifolia. The results described above suggest that there is no genomic relationship between the parental species in each cross combination.
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Akira ISHIKAWA, Takahiro YAMAGATA, Takao NAMIKAWA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 57-74
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーMorphometric differentiation among six strains of musk shrews (Suncus murinus) originating in Bangladesh (BAN), Sri Lanka (SRI), and four Japanese areas, Nagasaki (NAG), Okinawa Island (OKI), Tokunoshima Island (TKU), and Taramajima Island (TR), was examined by use of skull and external measurements. These data were compared with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differentiation previously reported. Significant sexual dimorphism was observed in all mor-phometric characters of the six strains, except for two characters in the TR strain. The six strains were clearly grouped by principal component analysis into three body-size types: large BAN shrews, intermediate SRI shrews, and small Japanese shrews. By canonical discriminant analysis, the NAG strain was further distinct from the other three Japanese strains despite their apparent similarities in external morphology, and was characterized by having the most unusual shape in the six strains. No individuals were misclassified as to their geographic origin for both sexes of the six strains. The morphometric differentiation pattern based on only the first canonical variate, extracting an overall size factor, was concordant with the mtDNA differentiation pattern (rss = 0.944, P < 0.001 in males and rss = 0.930, P < 0.001 in females). In contrast, the morphometric differentiation pattern estimated from the second to the fifth canonical variates, representing shape factors, was apparently discordant with the mtDNA differentiation pattern (rss = 0.467, P > 0.05 in both sexes). It was previously reported that a partial premating reproductive isolation mechanism is caused by the difference in body size between mating pairs. Thus, body size, may be a factor useful for understanding the mechanisms of population differentiation in this species.
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Yasuyuki ISHIBASHI, Syuiti ABE, Michihiro C. YOSHIDA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 75-78
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーCA-repeat primed polymerase chain reaction (CAP-PCR), using degenerate primers which anneal at the ends of (CA)n sequences in eukaryotic gejiomes, was attempted to assess its potential to monitor the genomic polymorphisms in various animals. Three mammalian, three avian, one fish and one insect species were examined and all showed primer-specific DNA fingerprints by CAP-PCR. Polymorphic bands observed in a laboratory-bred vole family were segregated in Mendelian manner. The present CAP-PCR DNA fingerprinting therefore is a simple and useful method for examining genomic variations in most animals without prerequisite knowledge of DNA sequences.
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Ikuo MIURA, Hitoshi OKUMOTO, Kozo MAKINO, Atsuo NAKATA, Midori NISHIOK ...1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 79-92
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーThree genomic DNA fragments containing the tyrosinase-encoding gene (TYR) of the Japanese pond frog, Rana nigromaculata, were cloned. The first, clone I, was isolated from a genomic library of sperm DNA using the mouse TYR cDNA as the probe and contained a DNA segment similar to exon 4 of the mouse TYR gene. Subsequently, the TYR cDNA was isolated by screening a frog embryo cDNA library using clone I as the probe. Two clones that contain genomic DNA of the TYR gene were isolated also from a blood cell DNA library using the frog TYR cDNA as the probe. Comparison of the nucleotide (nt) sequences of the genomic clone II DNA and the cDNA revealed that clone II contained a 3,140-bp DNA fragment consisting of the 5'-flanking region, the first exon, and a part of the first intron. The region upstream of the coding region contained the characteristic sequences for regulatory elements, including TATA- and CAAT-motifs, and also a pigment cell-specific promoter element, which is shared by the promoter regions of the vertebrate TYR genes. A 764-bp segment containing an upstream 748-bp non-coding region and 16-bp coding region was functional for expression of the promoter-less cat gene on a plasmid in the transiently transformed albino frog melanophore. The genomic clone III contained the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA and its 3' flanking region. Thus, the cDNA plus genomic DNA fragments isolated here cover the entire TYR gene and its flanking regions.
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Shoji OHTA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 93-101
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーThis is the first report on the numerical variation of B-chromosomes (Bs) in Aegilops mutica based on the detailed cytological observations in different tissues of the same individuals. A total of 30 plants with 0B to 4Bs were examined in the seminal roots, adventitious roots, shoot apices and/or pollen mother cells (PMCs). Bs were stably found in the shoot apices and PMCs, while they were almost entirely absent from both the seminal and adventitious roots. Judging from this result, it was concluded that Bs of Ae. mutica were stably maintained in the germ line cells from fertilization to the beginning of meiosis. Further, it was suggested that they were eliminated during one or a few cell divisions at a specific stage of root differentiation, probably at an early stage of embryogeny for seminal roots and at an early stage of differentiation of adventitious roots from a central cylinder.
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Takakazu YOKOKURA, Ryu UEDA, Daisuke YAMAMOTO1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 103-117
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーMating of Drosophila melanogaster is a stereotypically patterned behavior consisting of a fixed sequence of actions that is primarily under genetic control. Although courtship can be easily monitored and quantified, little is known about its neural basis. To obtain a better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying courtship, we have isolated mutants that disrupt specific aspects of mating behavior. The croaker mutant was isolated from approximately 1,000 lines harboring single P-element insertions by screening for aberrant courtship song: croaker males often generate polycyclic pulse song while most of the song pulses are monocyclic in the wild-type. The mutant is also defective in flight. Intracellular recordings of excitatory junction potentials from larval body wall muscles and Ca++ action potentials from adult indirect flight muscles demonstrated that neuromuscular transmission and Ca++ electrogenesis in the muscle fibers are not impaired by the croaker mutation. To define the croaker gene molecularly, genomic DNA surrounding the P-element insertion site was cloned by plasmid rescue and subsequent screening of a cosmid library. Northern blotting with the genomic DNA probes detected three transcripts in the wild-type, which were not expressed in the croaker mutant.
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Yukio TOSA, Tomoya NAKAMURA, Motoaki KUSABA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 119-126
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーGenotypes of Japanese wheat cultivars at loci for resistance to the twheatgrass mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis f. sp. agropyri, were examined using the gene-for-gene relationship. Most cultivars carried two genes, Pm10 and Pm15 for resistance to the wheatgrass mildew fungus. Almost all cultivars were non-carriers of Pm11 and Pm14. On the other hand, all isolates of the wheat mildew fungus, E. graminis f. sp. tritici, collected from various areas in Japan were non-carriers of Ppm10, Ppm11, Ppm14, and Ppm15, avirulence genes corresponding to Pm10, Pm11, Pm14, and Pm15, respectively. From these results we suggest that the population of the wheat mildew fungus had lost Ppm11 and Ppm14 before its migration to Japan.
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Yukio TOSA, Keishi MATSUMURA, Takehiko HOSAKA1995 年 70 巻 1 号 p. 127-134
発行日: 1995年
公開日: 2004/05/26
ジャーナル フリーTwenty-five accessions of Aegilops species were inoculated with Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, f. sp. secalis, and f. sp. agropyri. The pattern of resistance/susceptibility was various and similar to that between cultivars and races. Genetic analysis using the gene-for-gene relationship suggested that accessions of Ae.bicornis and Ae. cylindrica carry Pml5, a gene for resistance to f. sp. secalis and f. sp. agropyri found in the D genome of common wheat. Evolutionary implications of these results were discussed.
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