1) Average fluorine content of normal human enamel was 99.6μg/g in man and 106.8μg/g in woman, while in dentin it was 284.2μg/g in man and 276.1μg/g in woman. There was no difference due to sex or age.
2) Fluorine contents in Japanese usual foodstuffs were determind. Unusual high content of fluorine were found in marine products: such as in shrimp (50), salted and dried sardines (40), sea weed (6-14), fresh sardine (8-19), Jack mackerel (6-13ppm). In animal meat and its products, it was relatively low (1-2ppm), and also in vegetables (0.1-0.9ppm), in cereals and its products or fruits (0.2-0.8ppm). Table salts was usually contained relatively high fluorine.
Dried green tea leaves contained extraordinary high fluorine (186-390ppm), but the green tea (infusion by hot water) contained only 0.1-0.7ppm.
3) The approximate daily intake of fluorine by Japanese adults was estimated from the data mentioned above, taking into consideration of the fact that Japanese takes much fish products and drinks much green tea in place of water and black tea.
The results were as follows; 0.4-1.8mg of fluorine from foodstuffs, 0.07-0.86mg from green tea and 0.01-0.08mg from drinking water. Thus the total sum of fluorine intake will be 0.48-2.64mg per day for adults, according to the variety of menu and tea consumption habits.

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Healthy development of human being is much owed to the ability to live harmoniously in changing environments in which he exists as a social being as well as mental and physical one.
In 1960, a new apparatus for describing“the Function of Concentration Maintenance (TAF)”was devised by Takakuwa. According to the results of the first experiment applying this method, it is revealed that the same person consistently draws similar TAF-curves under a certain fixed condition.
For the purpose of analysing further basic characteristics of TAF, the present study was performed in regard to the relationship between TAF and the other psychological observations such as I.Q. grades and Kraepelin Character types. The results obtained were as follows:
1) TAF indicated a close relationship with I.Q. determined by the intelligence test.
2) A significant correlation was noticed between TAF and the grouping by Kraepelin psycho-diagnostic test, especially by the level of“the work-curve.”
In summery, TAF showed a close relationship with a certain aspect of the mental disposition. This fact suggests that the TAF test is a useful means for testing occupation aptitude.

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Endemic occurrences of an unknown bone disease have been often reported recently, which was found in Kumano and Shinbo areas along the river Zintsu in Toyama Prefecture and is called by people“Itai-itai”disease. As a cause of this disease heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, and lead contained in the river water are suspected, which are discharged to the upper stream of the river Zintsu from a metal mine.
The author intended to examine in experimental animals whether the water discharged from that mine could produce the similar symptoms to the Itai-itai disease.
The water discharged from the mine was administered to mice and rabbits per orally for about nine months and the following results were obtained.
1) Body weight of the mice which were given the discharged water increased more slowly as compared with that of the animals which were given distilled water as a control, while there was no difference of body weight between the rabbits which were given the discharged water and those which were given distilled water as a control.
2) Hematologic findings such as number of the blood corpuscles, haemoglobin content and hemogram could not be distinguished between the animals which were given discharged water and the control animals.
3) Contents of phosphor and calcium in serum and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum were not affected by administration of the discharged water.
4) Urinary protein could not be detected by any of the tests of 3% sulfosalicyl acid, 25% trichlor acetic acid and of 25% nitric acid.
5) Abnormal changes could not be found microskopically in the tissues of heart, lung, kidney, and spleen.
6) Abnormal changes could not be found roentogenologically in bone.

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It is very worthwhile to evaluate the grade of drunkenness objectively, until now, no reliable method has been established for this purpose. A new performance test called“TAF test”was devised by Takakuwa in 1960, and the utility of this test has been proved in evaluating fatigue as well as testing occupation aptitude. (Ergonomics, Vol. 5, No. 1, 37-49, 1962)
The present studies were made in order to ascertain whether the TAF test could grasp the state of drunkenness quantitatively or not. In addition, the alcohol content in blood was measured with Lester's method and that in expiratory gas was measured with testing tube. The questionnaire on subjective drunken feeling (classified from 1st to 5th degree) was also administered. The experiment consists of 2 series: in the first series 16 male students ranging 21∼23 years of age were given 300ml of SAKE (Japanese wine, 30 proof alcohol) before supper, and in the second series 15 male students ranging 21∼24 years of age were also given 540ml of SAKE. In both series TAF test was administered to each examinee in the morning (control value), before the drinking (pre-value), 10 and 50 minutes after the drinking (post-value). Measurements of the alcohol content both in blood and expiratory gas and the questionnaire were also administered together with the tests after the drinking. The results obtained were as follows:
1. 1st series
According to the changes in TAF L, the examinees were divided into 2 groups. In one group, the pre-values were almost the same as the control values, but each of them showed a apparent lowering after the drinking (group N). In the other group, the examinees of which were undoubtedly affected with considerably strenuous lecture before the experiment, the pre-values were significantly lower than the control values, but each of them showed a significant increase after the drinking (group S). This increase may be due to the fact that the stresses to the examinees of the latter group were dispelled with the pharmacological actions of alcohol. In this series no correlation was seen between the changes in TAF and the blood alcohol content.
2. 2nd series
Ten minutes after drinking, the blood alcohol contents were more than 60mg/dl in most of the examinees and each of them showed further increase up to 75∼155mg/dl after 50 minutes. The result of the questionnaire revealed that the examinees felt mostly the 3rd degree of drunkenness, but no apparent relationship was observed between the alcohol content in blood and that in expiratory gas. Concerning average TAF values, L were 1.8 (control value), 2.0 (pre-value). 2.7 (10min. post-value) and 3.2 (50min. post-value), D were 0.62, 0.68, 0.72 and 0.83 respectively. Significant differences in L and D were observed between the pre-value and 10min. post-value, and also between the post-values of 10min. and 50min. In this series, a significant correlation was noticed between the lowering in TAF L and the blood alcohol content in the range above 50mg/dl. Especially in the extent above 90mg/dl, all examinees showed the lowering in TAF L larger than 0.5 which was seen only in the state of apparent fatigue.
In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that TAF test can successfully evaluate the grade of drunkenness, and that the level of 90mg/dl in blood alcohol content may be the first threshold where the concentration ability is obviously disturbed.

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In the previous paper the author reported the present status of mercury contamination in our life, such as in air, water, soil and foodstuffs.
The grade of the contamination was revealed to have been significantly increased as compared with the report by Stock in Germany in 1934.
It was reported that the absorbed mercury was readily excreted in urine and the over-dose portion of it would be retained in organs, particularly in kidneys and liver.
Hence, the knowledge of the amount of mercury excreted in normal urine and of the deposit in normal corpses will be useful to us as the good criteria for discussing the present situation in Japan. This is the purpose and the extent of the present study.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The mercury concentration in urine in 98 non-exposed persons was 61.8μg/l in average, ranging 9 to 130μg/l. No large differences were found between the figures according to age, sex, and the locality of residence.
2. Ten persons were observed for five days for the daily variation of murcury excretion in urine. The average figures were 47.8μg/day and 41.5μg/l. The individual variations were large but the daily variations in a definite person were relatively small.
3. The significant correlation was found between the amount of 24-hour urine and its mercury content.
4. In ten corpses struck by sudden death in Tokyo, the kidneys contained 0.6ppm of mercury, while the liver and pancreas contained 0.4 and 0.16ppm respectively.
The individual variations were large but there was no indication that the aged contained more mercury than the younger persons.

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Adult worms of Clonorchis sinensis were treated with diethylether to remove lipids, disrupted with sonic vibrations and then centrifuged to obtain antigen KS. Fractionation of antigen KS on gel filtration on sephadex G 100 columns yielded an antigen KSC1 taht gave intense reactions in patients with clonorchiasis.
Diethylaminoethyl sephadex A 50 column chromatography of KSC1 produced a fraction KSCD4 which provoked strong positive skin tests in infected individuals but none in healthy individuals. No cross reactions were observed in individuals infected with other helminth than C. sinensis or in cases sufering from tuberculosis, hepatitis and diabetes etc.
Antigen KSCD4, containing 14γ of protein and 12.5γ of carbohydrate per ml, was added with 0.01M HCl and incubated at 70°C for 30 minutes to obtain antigen KSCDH which provoked less noticeable skin reactions. This fact suggests that the substance responsible for the skin reaction may be the protein component in the antigen KSCD4, though the further experiments are demanded.
It may be concluded that antigen KSCD4 can be used as test antigens for diagnosis of clonorchiasis in the field because they produce immediate intense reactions in individuals infected with C. sinensis and show no reaction in individuals without clonorchiasis but infected with helminth other than C. sinensis.

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