The habits of alcohol drinking were inquired 1478 old boys, who completed the secondary course before the end of World War II at two schools in Kyoto and Shiga Prefecture. In these schools practically all boys went to colleges or universites. The patterns of drinking were analysed especially in relation to occupational status of boys and their fathers, and revealed the following facts:
(1) The distribution of occupations of boys and their fathers is very different in two schools, but old boys from two schools showed exactly the same pattern of drinking; 30% of boys drinks every days, 52% does occasionally and 18% does not at all.
(2) Fathers' occupations are correlated significantly to the distributions of boys' occupations and significant association exists between occupations and habits of drinking. But it does not disappear when fathers' occupations are held constant. The percentage of habitual drinkers is significantly higher among higher administrative professions, while medical doctors and university professors are inclined to refrain from alcohol.
(3) Association between fathers' occupations and pattern of drinking is also significant and remains when occupations of boys are held constant. Especially the sons of selfemployed showed significantly higher percentage in habitual drinkers.
In short the pattern of drinking is sharply different either in higher administrative and professional groups or in the occupations remaining after the tides of modernization.

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The distribution of ¹³⁷Cs in mice body and changes of germinal cells in seminiferous tubuli following ¹³⁷Cs administration.
Hundred and twenty male mice were given 8μc of Cs per gram of body weight (the first group) or 4μc Cs per gram of body weight (the second group) intraperitoneally. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 days after the injection. Testis of right side, kidney, spleen, liver, heart and lung were extirpated and measured the radioactivity. Histological preparations were made from testis of left side.
The results are as follows:
1) In the testis, the radioactivity reached the 3rd day after the injection, and then decreased gradually along the time elapsed untill 100 days. But its activity was always higher than any other organs except 24hrs after the injection.
2) The order of the radioactivity in each organ was: heart>kidney>liver>spleen>lung.
3) Degeneration and decrease in number of spermatogonia were found already 10 days after the injection. These changes were measured by the method described by Wattenvyl.
4) Thirty days after the treatment, injurise were the most.
5) Recovery was observed from 30 days and reached 90 percent on 70 days after the injection.
6) In these histological changes, the first group showed more marked injurious changes compared with the second group.

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The experiments were undertaken to clarify the relation between the water metabolism and the noisy environment as compared with cold. We used 100 to 105 phon noise characterized by wide octave band spectrum at room temperature (20±2°C). The temperature in the cold condition was 10±2°C. The adult male rabbits were arranged in 4 groups of 5 animals each; control, exposure to cold, one or repeated exposure to noise. The rabbits were exposed to cold for 90 minutes, and to noise for 3 hours once or 8 hours daily during one month. Thereafter, the brain was removed and separated into 7 parts; cerebrum, cerebellum, upper and lower part of mesencephalon, interbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons. The water content was determined by Hatschek's method.
The results were as follows:
1) In the control group, the free water content in cerebrum and cerebellum were higher than that in medulla oblongata, pons and upper-part of mesencephalon. The bound water content in cerebrum and cerebellum were lower than that in medulla oblongata and upper-part of mesencephalon.
2) Under the cold condition, the bound water content decreased in upper-part of mesencephalon. The changes in the free water content were not significant.
3) Under the noise condition, the free water content decreased and the bound water content increased in interbrain. Besides, in the repeated exposure, the bound water increased in cerebrum and pons.

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The results of our studies on school examinations, automation work, jet-flight and over-time clerical work at a bank suggested a close relationship existing between autonomic nervous balance and TAF. With a view of clarifying this relationship, we conducted an experiment.
The examinees, 12 in number, were exposed to a noise, which was made variable in its tone and sound level within the range of 250∼4, 000c/s and 80∼95 phon, for two hours until a disagreeable feeling was produced in them. In addition to the TAF-test, serum cholin-esterase activity test (Ch-E), galvanic skin reflex test (GSR), Kestner's capillary cold reaction test and mecholyl test were used as autonomic nervous function tests. The post-exposure values were compared to the pre-exposure values, and the results obtained were as follows:
1. The comparison of the pre- and the post-TAF-L value, showed a decrease in all of the examinees. Especially in 6 of them, the decrease was even greater than 0.5, which, according to our previous studies, occurs only in a state of obvious fatigue. The pre- and the post-exposure values were on average 1.9 and 2.4 respectively.
2. Autonomic nervous function tests.
a) Ch-E activity was measured with Hesterin's method in regard to sera taken before and after the exposure. The result was a significant increase, with the average pre-value of 25.5 and the average post-value of 37.5.
b) No consistent patterns were seen in the GSR wave-types.
c) Kestner's reaction: A piece of ice with a contact phaset of 2.5cm² was applied to the skin surface of the frontal chest for 3 seconds. The latent period between the removal of the ice and the occurrence of rubeosis, and the duration of rubeosis until its disappearance were measured. The duration of rubeosis showed a significant diminution from 134.5sec, of the average pre-value to 114.7sec. of the average post-value while no consistent changes were seen in the latent period.
d) Mecholyl-test initiated by Funkenstein and supported by Gellhorn's experimental and physiological studies, has been variously modified. In this paper, the fall degree (FD) and swing degree (SwD) were computed and the Suwa's index (SI) was also used for comparison. FD showed no consistent changes, but SwD showed a significant increase after the exposure for all of the examinees, with 1.9 for the pre-average and 2.6 for the post-average. This increase correlated with the decrease in TAF-L. Also, the variations in SI in absolute values significantly correlated with the decrease in TAF-L as well as with those in SwD. Except these, no other correlation was seen among the tests.
Exposure to a disagreeable multi-tone noise brought about significant changes in the Ch-E activity, Kestner's reaction and mecholyl test, which indicate some changes are taking place in the autonomic nervous function. The noise caused also a decrease in TAF-L. Since this change was ascertained to have correlation with the changes in the mecholyl test, it is presumed that these changes are due to some common factors. It may be thought that stress stimulus such as noise, is projected, on one hand, on the cerebral cortex through the reticular formation and influences the ability to concentrate attention, and causes, on the other hand, disturbance in the autonomic nervous centrum. In summary, the organic communication and mutual influence between the autonomic nervous balance and the concentration ability which are effected through the reticular formation were demonstrated by the close correlation between TAF and the autonomic nervous functions.
These results experimentally demonstrate an accurate grasp of mental stress by the TAF test and the reasonableness of its principle.

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The relationships on absorption and excretion of tetraethyllead and lead acetate were studied in rabbits.
These compounds were given 30mg (as lead) per day by subcutaneous injection ten times every other day, and the transition of lead concenrtations in blood, urine and feces, hematological finding and coproporphyrin in urine were examined.
After the duration of 7∼9 weeks, rabbits were killed and the lead concentrations in tissues were also determined.
It was found that,
1) the increases of lead concentrations in blood were not so remarkable in the group which were given tetraethyllead as which were given lead acetate,
2) those in urine were almost equivalent between two groups,
3) those in feces were more rapidly and remarkable in the former group than in the latter group,
4) although in tissues, generally, marked amounts of lead were accumulated in liver and kidney, those distributions were different from both groups, and in the former group there were more in liver, muscle and brain than in latter group,
5) and the amounts of coproporphyrine in urine were lower in the former group than in the latter group.

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