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Volume 29 (1974 - 197･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 543-
- Issue 5 Pages 483-
- Issue 4 Pages 429-
- Issue 3 Pages 359-
- Issue 2 Pages 275-
Volume 29, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Keio Aizawa, Akira Kawamura, Nobuo Fujiyoshi, Hiroshi Maehashi1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 275-280
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA microbial insecticide containing Bacillus moritai pathogenic for house fly larvae was administered to 3 human volunteers. One control was given the same amount of autoclaved Bacillus moritai spores. They ingested one gram of the preparation in a capsule daily for 5 days, for a total of 8.5×109 spores each. Physical and laboratory examinations immediately before and 5, 26-35 days after ingestion showed no significant changes in any of the volunteers. Almost all the spores ingested were excreted in the feces (96%).View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Kazuhiko Machida1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 281-288
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCircadian rhythmicity and some other characteristics of the function of the reticuloendotherial system (RES) were investigated in rats. Male Wistar rats were acclimatized in climatic chambers, which were kept at 25°C and 60% R. H., the light and dark periods, 12 hours each, being reversed. Special attention was payed to the matching of age and body weight of rats. Animals were fed on food pellets and water ad libitum.
Determinations of RES function were made mainly by the Congo Red method, but the carbon particle clealance method was also used in some of the experiments.
(1) It was found that the RES function of rats showed a ciradian rhythm similar to a sine curve, with its peak in the middle of the dark period and its trough in the middle of the light period.
(2) The RES function of the older rats was lower than that of the younger; the difference between light and dark period, however, still persisted.
(3) When rats were fasted for 24 hours, an increase in the RES function in the dark period did not take place, the level of the function being similar to that of the light period of both 24 hours fasted and normally fed rats. This suggests that feeding is one of the important factors influencing the circadian rhythm of RES function.
(4) With carbon clealance, which proceeds faster than Congo Red clealance, the differance of RES function between light and dark periods was almost imperceptible.
(5) Also differances due to lighting conditions were not observed in the clealance of Indocyanin Green, which was chiefly engulfed by hepatic cells.
(6) My technique of restraining an animal, which was used throughout these experiments, proved to be suitable for repeated collection of venous blood at fixed intervals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1939K) -
Takeshi Hasegawa1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 289-299
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTissue content and excretion of cobalt was investigated in mice and rats following the injection of various doses of cobalt chloride.
1. To determine the injection dose, female mice were injected subcutaneously and male mice intraperitoneally with cobalt chloride, and LD50 of 40.8mg/kg in female and 36.7mg/kg in male mice were obtained.
2. Male and female mice were injected subcutaneously with 5, 10 and 20mg/kg, each equivalent to 1/8, 1/4; and 1/2; of LD50, of cobalt chloride six days a week for 64 days.
Body weight increased only in male mice injected with a dose of 5mg/kg in comparison with control group. Polycythemia was observed only in female mice treated with various amount of cobalt chloride. The relative wet weight of the heart, lungs and liver incresed, while the relative dry weight of these organs decreased, which suggest that cobalt acted to increase the water content of these organs. The testes, however, decreased markedly in relative wet weight, which may indicate the presence of damage in testes following cobalt treatment.
The amount of cobalt accumulated in various organs in mice treated with 5 or 10mg/kg showed no significant increase proportional to the treatment period between groups treated for 15days and those for 64 days. The amount of accumulated cobalt in the liver and kidneys was not in proportion to the injected doses. A huge accumulated dose of cobalt in the liver and kidneys suggest that administered cobalt was transported by blood stream to the liver and excreted through the kidneys, while large amount of injected dose has been excreted rapidly.
3. The urinary excretion and fecal output of cobalt was investigated for 7 days in rat treated with a single injection of 40mg/kg. The cobalt content of treated animals was highest in the liver followed by the kidneys, heart, spleen and lungs, while in normal control rats the order was liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and heart. A remarkable high content was noted in the heart of cobalt-treated rats. The injected cobalt was excreted mainly in the urine: approximately 22% was excreted during 24 hours after injection, and 45% was excreted during the first week, while fecal output was only 15% during the first week. Accordingly 60% of the injected dose was excreted during the first week.
A single cobalt injection caused a marked decrease of the copper content of the liver, kidneys and spleen, and there was an associated increase in the urinary excretion of copper. These findings suggest that cobalt and copper may replace each other in these organs and that cobalt may affect copper metabolism in the animal.View full abstractDownload PDF (935K) -
Part 1. Biological Properties of StaphylococciTadao Kawarabayashi, Hidehiko Nakata1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 300-305
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biological properties of carrier-borne and air-borne staphylcocci were investigated in order to elucidate the significance of bacterial aerosol in ordinary living environments from the view point of environmental medicine.
1. There was an intimate correlation between coagulase reaction and deoxyribonuclease reaction of staphylococci found in the noses of carriers.
2. In the air-borne staphylococcus strains, coagulase-positive strains were very few, while deoxyribonuclease-positive strains reached about 25%.
3. In coagulase-positive strains of both carrier-borne and air-borne staphylococci, alpha-lysin and beta-lysin were found in a high percentage and delta-lysin was also found, though much less. However, in coagulase-negative and deoxyribonuclease-positive strains there was no production of hemolysin.
Existence of pathogenic staphylococci should be considered to be a valid indicator of atmospheric bacterial contamination in living environments. These results indicate that the deoxyribonuclease reaction would be valuable as a screening-test of pathogenic staphylococci, although there was no production of hemolysin in coagulase-negative and deoxyribonuclease-positive strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Kunio Owada, Heizo Tanaka, Hideo Shinohara1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 306-311
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors examined statistically the correlation between serum total cholesterol and nutritional intake of 33 subjects in a rural community in Japan. A significant correlation was obtained between serum total cholesterol and the following foods: animal fat, meat and fish.
Six healthy subjects were divided into two groups and maintained on experimental diets for a week. The total calorie, protein and sugar intakes were constant for both groups during the experiment. The subjects whose fat intake was 105g/day had an increase in serum total cholesterol of 5 to 20%, while those whose fat intake was 125g/day had an increase in serum total cholesterol of 17 to 42%.
A low animal fat diet was effective in reducing hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa).
These results suggest that serum cholesterol is closely associated with dietary animal fat and cholesterol in the Japanese.
In our previous study, we noted epidemiologically that serum lipids reflect the status of the nutritional of the nutritional intake in a population. It was possible to confirm this fact experimentally.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
Considering Age and Sex as Factors in SMONMichiko Kasai1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 312-320
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAge and sex factors in SMON (subacute myelo-optic neuropathy) were studied from the records of 7, 425 in- and out- patients with various diseases including SMON, who received clioquinol at three hospitals in different localities of Hokkaido from January 1964 to September 1970.
1) The morbidity rate of SMON in patients receiving 0.6-2.7g per day of clioquinol was found to increase with age. In the same age groups, the rate in females was always higher than in males, and the sex difference became larger with age.
2) In two age groups, 10-39 and 40-59 years, in both sexes the average incidence of SMON rose gradually in parallel with the total amount of clioquinol administered. In those over 60 years of age, the rates increased rapidly and reached the highest levels at 40g and 80g in males and females, respectively.
3) When the morbidity rate of SMON was plotted against the total dose of clioquinol administered [(g)/body weight (kg)] in three different age groups, the curve of the morbidity rate was higher with increasing total dose/body weight in the group below 40 years of age in men, while curves with two peaks, at 0.6-1.0g/kg and 2.2g/kg, were seen in men over 40 years of age. In women, in contrast, the curves had a single peak, irrespective of age.
Further, the curves of males and females below 40 years of age and above 60 years of age were very simular in the dose range of 0.1-0.6g/kg.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
Dose Response Effect of PCB and Sinergistic Effect with PCB and ABSKazutaka Kamohara, Kunisato Fujiwara, Yoshinori Itokawa1974 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 321-327
Published: June 28, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to discern the combined effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid salt (ABS).
Male rats of the Wistar strain were fed eight different diets: group 1, ordinary diet and tap water, group 2, diet supplemented with 10ppm of PCB and tap water, group 3, diet supplemented with 100ppm of PCB and tap water, group 4, diet supplemented with 500ppm of PCB and tap water, group 5, ordinary diet and water containing 1, 000ppm of the ABS, group 6, diet supplemented with 10ppm of the PCB and water containing 1, 000ppm of ABS, group 7, diet supplemented with 100ppm of PCB and water containing 1, 000ppm of ABS; group 8, diet supplemented with 500ppm of PCB and water containing 1, 000ppm of ABS.
The rats were sacrificed after one month and analysis revealed that the weight of the liver was increased, the liver and serum cholesterol content was increased, the liver aniline hydroxylase activity was increased and the liver Na-K-Mg-dependent ATPase was decreased in the PCB fed group. These changes varied with the dose of PCB.
When ABS was administered simultaneously with PCB, most of the above-mentioned abnormalities were more severe.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K)
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