巻号一覧
32 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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三浦 悌二, 緒方 隆幸, 江間 実1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 429-433
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー出生季節の分布については,先天性奇形,精神薄弱,精神分裂病などで,正常者と異なることが知られている。しかし,小児期または成人の感染症について,出生季節との関係は知られていない。
1948∼64年の東京における日本脳炎流行の際の患者2,831人について,病歴からその出生年月を調べ,出生季節の分布を同年生まれの対照人口(同一コホルト)のそれと比較し,カイ自乗検定(自由度3)によって出生季節と日本脳炎感受性との関係を検討した。
1930∼55年に生まれた患者を,その出生年度の日本脳炎の流行程度によって4期に区分して,流行のなかった1930∼34年生まれをA群,同じく1940∼47年生まれをC群とし,また大流行のあった1935∼39年生まれをB群,同じく1948∼55年をD群とした(表1)。発病年齢が0歳および30歳以上のものを除外してから各群ごとに対照群と比較検討した。
その結果,A群とC群の患者では共に対照と比べて出生の季節分布に有意の差を認めなかったが,B群とD群では共に対照と比べて有意の差(P<0.05)が認められた。D群については,さらに3歳以下での発病者を除外すると,対照との差はいっそう顕著になった(P<0.001)。
大流行年生まれの患者に限って出生季節の分布が対照と異なることは,大流行年の流行期に生まれたものと,同じ年の非流行期に生まれたものとでは,日本脳炎の発病に対する感受性が異なることを示している。このことは,出生前後の時期におこる日本脳炎ウイルスの不顕性感染が,日本脳炎に対する感受性に変化を与え,その変化は長年月に亘って発病率の差として認められるものであることを示唆する。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (548K) -
森重 敏子, 石西 伸, 長 哲二1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 434-441
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe contamination and the pollution of foodstuffs by radioactive fallout have been investigated since 1961 in Fukuoka city and its suburban area. The results obtained were as follows.
1) Recently, the degree of the contamination of greens by radioactive fallout which fell on the leaves decreased to one thousandth in the early stage of the investigation (1961-1962). In the period of the investigation, the remarkable increase of the radioactivity of fallout was observed within a week after the Chinese nuclear bomb explosion in the atmosphere (1st, 2nd, 5th, 12th, 13th, and 15th). The radioactivity was 2 to 300 times higher than the usual level.
2) The radioactivity was not remarkable in vegetables which were washed with soap, but it decreased gradually year by year. The increase of the radioactivity was also observed a few days after the atmospheric nuclear explosion.
3) In milk, there were no remarkable yearly decreases of the radioactivity from the beginning of the investigation, but the seasonal variations of the radioactivity, such as higher in April and May, were observed.
4) The radioactivity in diets based on the standard food production in Japan was the highest in 1967. It decreased gradually from 1967 to 1971 and after that the remarkable variation of the activity was not observed.
5) 137Cs contamination of foodstuffs has been observed quantitatively by the method of gamma spectrometry, while sometimes 95Zr-95Nb, 103Ru, and 131I were also detected from the specimens obtained immediately after the nuclear explosions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1070K) -
竹森 幸一1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 442-450
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanisms of experimental external contamination which was obtained by immersing hair specimens in solution, especially the contamination through the airsac in medulla on cross section of hair was studied.
The hair specimens which have medulla and obtained from one person were cut into the sections of 2cm in length. Untreated hair, the hair covered with Araldite on one end and the hair covered with Araldite on both ends were prepared. These hairs were contaminated externally by immersing them in NaCl solutions with sodium concentration of 9.4×104ppm and pH values of 7 and 11.1 for 1 hour and 24 hours. These contaminated hairs were cut into three portions along the major axis and sodium contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The distribution of sodium on the cross sections of other parts of the above specimens was determined by electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (XMA).
XMA used was a JEOL SMU3-SDS. The operating conditions were 20KV acceleration voltage, 7.5-9.5×10-9A specimen current, RAP for Na-Kα as crystal and×500 magnification.
The higher the pH value in immersing solution and the longer the immersing time, the higher the sodium contents in contaminated hair. One difference in sodium content was observed in the means of the three portions of untreated hair and the hair covered with Araldite on both ends which were immersed in the solution with pH value of 11 for 24 hours.
As a result of XMA, gradual impregnations of sodium into the inner part of hair from outer layer were observed in the samples immersed in the solutions with pH value of 7 and 11 for 1 hour and all samples were impregnated with sodium into the medulla by the immersion for 24 hours. The higher the pH value, the faster the permeance. Especially higher sodium concentrations in medulla were observed in the samples immersed in the solution with pH value of 11 for 24 hours, regardless of the treatment with Araldite.
It was thought that the higher sodium observed in the medulla of the hair covered with Araldite on both ends penetrated from cuticle of hair, because Araldite did not permeate NaCl solution. In addition, it was demonstrated that sodium penetrated also in the direction of hair axis, from the fact that in the hair covered with Araldite on both ends, sodium was detected also in the part of the hair covered entirely with Araldite.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6861K) -
坂口 平, 天野 倫子, 高下 忍, 横田 勝司1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 451-458
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーChanges of growth and cell components of Geotrichum candidum belonging to sewage fungi were examined in synthetic medium containing heavy metals (Hg++, Cu++ and Zn++) and cyan.
The growth of G. candidum in medium was greatly inhibited in response to increasing amount of the tested poisons. The fungous grown in CN-medium showed morphologically mycelium (filamentous) phase cells in which possess only a few septa, but in Cu++ or Zn++ medium abnormal mycelium and yeast-like phase were observed microscopically.
An increase of total sugar, 3%-NaOH soluble polysaccharide and total nucleic acids was generally found in the Cu++ and Zn++ media in proportion to metal concentration. Glucosamine content was reduced in Cu++-containing medium, and DNA level was increased. However, appreciable quantitative change in these components was not observed in cells grown on CN- and Hg++ media.
By addition of CN- or Cu++ in the medium G. candidum was increased RQ value in their cell respiration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8320K) -
山口 正義, 山本 丈夫1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 459-462
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of stannous chloride on the bile calcium concentration in rats was examined in these experiments. The bile calcium concentration in rats that had fasted for 2 hours was significantly increased by a single oral administration of tin (3.0mg/100g body weight). An oral administration of tin to rats elevated the bile calcium concentration with three doses (1.0, 3.0 or 5.0mg of Sn/100g) of tin employed. Also, the bile calcium concentration and bile volume showed a significant increase in rats administered orally with tin (3.0mg/100g) during 3 days. On the other hand, the increased bile volume produced by the treatment of tin reduced to the control level at 66 hours after the orall administration with tin during 3 days, while the bile calcium concentration increased significantly. This fact indicates that the augmentation of blie calcium concentraion after the administration of tin is not related to the elevation of bile volume.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (449K) -
嵯峨井 勝, 白石 不二雄, 久保田 憲太郎1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 463-471
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーラットに低濃度の塩化カドミウムを頻回,腹腔内投与しその肝臓の薬物代謝酵素系に対する影響を調べた。この時血清学的肝機能検査での異常はなかった。このような条件下でもカドミウムはミクロソーム画分を減少させ,更に薬物代謝酵素系の中心をなしているチトクロームP-450含量の減少をひき起した。
一方,チトクロームb5も減少したがチトクロームP-450の減少に比べると極めて少なかった。このチトクロームP-450の減少はin vitroの実験でチトクロームP-420への変化が観察されたことから,その変性・破壊によるものかもしれない。又チトクロームP-450のターミナルオキシダーゼ活性に対するカドミウムの影響をアミノピリンとアニリンを基質としてin vivoとin vitroで調べた。in vivoでアミノピリン脱メチル化活性はアニリン水酸化活性よりも低下しておりin vitroとは逆の結果を示した。
その他の結果をも含めると,カドミウムは肝臓の薬物代謝機能の低下をひき起すが,これはカドミウムがミクロソーム画分を破壊し,特にそのチトクロームP-450の破壊を主としていることがわかった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3310K) -
渡辺 敏明, 島田 隆道, 遠藤 晃1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 472-481
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー近年,カドミウムに催奇性および発癌性のあることが明らかになりつつある。そこで,カドミウムの突然変異誘発性の有無を検討するため,マウスの卵子染色体に及ぼす影響を細胞遺伝学的に観察することを試みた。
排卵を促進,同調させるため成熟雌マウスにPMS 5単位を腹腔内投与し,その48時間後にHCG 5単位を同様に投与した。HCG投与3時間後の第1減数分裂中期に塩化カドミウム3.0mgあるいは6.0mg/kg b. wt.を1回皮下投与した。カドミウム投与12時間後に,卵管から第2減数分裂中期にあたる未受精卵を回収し,空気乾燥法により染色体標本を作製した。
観察された卵子の染色体異常は,低数性,(n-1)高数性(n+1)および倍数性(2n)異常などであった。これらの数的異常の卵子を持つ母獣はカドミウムの投与量に依存して増加する傾向が認められた。特に6.0mg投与群では卵子単位で対照群と比較すると,その異常の出現頻度は有意に高かった。数的異常の他に,第1減数分裂中期で分裂停止の状態の卵子が2ヶ投与群で検出された。しかし,この実験においては染色体の構造異常は観察されなかった。なお,カドミウムの毒性効果として,投与群で卵巣に顕著な出血巣を持つ母獣が多数認められた。卵巣へのカドミウム蓄積量は投与12時間後,3.0mg, 6.0mg投与群でそれぞれ2.5μg, 5.0μg/gであった。
これらの実験結果は,カドミウムがマウスの卵子染色体に突然変異誘発性を有することを示唆している。環境汚染物質の生体への影響を評価する際には,突然変異誘発性や催奇性などの生殖生理機構に及ぼす作用についても十分留意すべきであると思われる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8067K) -
多孔性活性炭,ゼオライトによる気相での硫化水素の静的ならびに動的吸着特性坊木 佳人1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 482-493
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe static and dynamic adsorption characteristics of hydrogen sulfide on activated carbons and zeolites were investigated to obtain some fundamental information on the removal of hydrogen sulfide in the gaseous phase. The amount adsorbed and the rate of adsorption were measured by the static method, and the service time was measured by the dynamic method. The adsorption of hydrogen sulfide on adsorbents was expressed by Freundlich's equation at equilibrium concentrations up to 70, 000ppm. Among the 24 kinds of adsorbents, the amount adsorbed on activated carbons No.4 and No.8, and zeolites No.16 and No.17 was 36.50, 35.42, 69.23, and 87.55ml/g at 70, 000ppm, respectively, and their adsorption attained equilibrium within about ten minutes. It may be concluded that the amount adsorbed on adsorbents was mainly affected by their pore volume in the range of pore radii from 2.2 to 6.5Å rather than by their chemical properties such as pH, pKa, basic amount, and acid amount. The heats of adsorption of Nos. 4, 8, 16, and 17 were less than 18kcal/mol. The amount chemisorbed on the activated carbons and the zeolites was about ten and two %, respectively and, therefore, these adsorbents used seemed to be regenerated by some simple treatment to the extent of the original adsorption capacity. Among the 8 kinds of adsorbents, the service time of No.8 and No.17 (9∼20 mesh) with a concentration of hydrogen sulfide 7, 000ppm at a flow rate of the mixed gas (H2S-air) 650ml/cm2⋅min was 23 and 65 minutes, respectively, and no correlation was established between the amount adsorbed and the service time. A linear relationship existed between the service time and the length of column, and the service time was inversely proportional to the flow rate of the mixed gas and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1619K) -
1977 年 32 巻 3 号 p. 494-522
発行日: 1977/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (5359K)
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