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Volume 34 (1979 - 198･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 719-
- Issue 5 Pages 643-
- Issue 4 Pages 565-
- Issue 3 Pages 465-
- Issue 2 Pages 371-
Volume 34, Issue 6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Masayoshi Yamaguchi1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 719-722
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of tin on calcium levels in the organs of rats were investigated. The animals were given with stannous chloride orally (3.0mg Sn/100g body weight, every 12 hours) either for 3 or for 10 days. The administration of tin for 3 days significantly decreased serum calcium and femoral calcium levels, but it did not significantly alter that in the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, or pancreas. Moreover, the administration of tin for 10 days caused a significant drop in both the serum and femoral calcium levels and a significant increase in the kidneys and the pancreas, but not in the liver, spleen, heart, and lungs. The present results demonstrate that the oral administration of tin does in fact alter calcium levels in various organs of rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
(part 4) AminoaciduriaKoji Nogawa, Ryumon Honda, Etuko Kobayashi, Arinobu Ishizaki1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 723-732
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrine specimens were collected from 40 actual and 17 suspected Itai-itai disease patients living in the cadmium-polluted Jinzu River basin, from 56 subjects with renal tubular damage living in the Kakehashi River basin polluted by cadmium and from 10 subjects from non-polluted areas. The urine was analyzed for individual free amino acids, total protein, glucose, β2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, lysozyme and cadmium quantitatively.
Generalized aminoaciduria was found in both the actual and suspected patients and also in those inhabitants of the Kakehashi River basin.
Amino acid patterns were very similar among all specimens though the excreted amounts of amino acid were lower in the urine of the inhabitants in the Kakehashi River basin.
High correlation coefficients were found between the excretion of individual amino acids (alanine, proline, ornithine) and other substances (total protein, glucose, β2-m, RBP, lysozyme), and also between urinary amino acids and renal functions (Ccr, CPAH, % TRP).
The results indicate that the aminoaciduria mechanism in chronic cadmium poisoning is due to multiple disorders of amino acid transport in renal tubules, and that urinary amino acids peculiar to Itai-itai disease do not exist.View full abstractDownload PDF (1156K) -
(I) Basic experimental studies on the treatment of cresol, phenol and formalinNobunori Sayama1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 733-742
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, public attention has increasingly been drawn to environmental contamination by wastes from universities and research institutions. Counterplans carried out by serveral universities were designed mainly to treat wastes as are usually given off by schools of technology or science. However, the wastes from medical schools and hospitals differ from those of schools of technology and science, because the former contain large quantities of disinfectants, and biological materials, to give two specific examples.
In this experiment, the author attempted to design a counterplan for the treatment of wastes from medical schools and hospitals specifically. In the present study, the author describes the results of laboratory experiments on the treatment of the disinfectants, cresol, phenol and formalin. In an apparatus (capacity 2liters) containing intalox saddles, an activated sludge (200) was introduced a bacterial source, and bacterial nutrients, various concentrations of disinfectant and water were added and aerated.
The results were that each unit of 1, 000ppm of cresol, phenol and formalin could be decomposed within 24 hours using this apparatus continuously. However, when more than 1, 000ppm of these disinfectants were introduced in the apparatus, the disinfectants were still detectable in the effluent after 24 hours.
Upon termination of the action of the apparatus, the maximum decomposition level for a 500ppm cresol solution was found to be 1, 700ml per 24 hours.
In the same manner, a mixture of cresol and phenol or mixture of cresol and formalin could be decomposed using the same apparatus.View full abstractDownload PDF (7100K) -
II. Interactions of cadmium, zinc and calciumShinichi Fukushima1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 743-750
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of cadmium chloride and the interaction of cadmium chloride, zinc chloride and calcium chloride on the cell division in Paramecium tetraurelia were investigated.
The results were found to be as follows:
(1) As the concentration of cadmium increased in the culture medium, the rate of cell fission reduced. Reduction in the fission rate was observed at a level below 2μM CdCl2 and all cells died in a concentration of over 12.5μM CdCl2.
(2) Cells that were exposed to cadmium once were resistant to the second exposure, but this resistance apparently had limits.
(3) Some cells died in a culture medium contained at 5.5μM CdCl2 and some cells divided in the culture medium contained 12μM CdCl2, that is, clonal variation in resistance to cadmium in Paramecium tetraurelia had a wide range.
(4) Zinc generally strengthened the toxicity of cadmium in the cell, but it acted antagonistically to high concentrations of cadmium.
(5) Calcium showed only a weak toxicity to the cell even at concentrations of CaCl2 over 1mM. Calcium acted antagonistically to the toxicity of cadmium.
(6) Cells that had been exposed to zinc were sensitive to the exposure of high concentrations of cadmium.View full abstractDownload PDF (1045K) -
(I) The quantitative and qualitative differences of subjective complaints by sex and ageShigenobu Aoki1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 751-765
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to make use of the results of a kind of health questionnaire in health administration or evaluation of health status of both a group of people and specific individuals.
The Todai Health Index, THI, was developed by S. Aoki et al. in 1974 with the purpose of supplementing the widely-used Cornell Medical Index, CMI. It consists of 130 questions. Twelve scales and three discriminant scores are available for use in evaluation.
In this paper, quantitative and qualitative differences of subjective complaints in five sex-age groups, and the relevance and usefulness of the THI in this problem were investigated.
The survey was carried out using 5, 937 employees of a trading company. The five sex-age groups were as follows; females in their twenties (2, 190), males in their twenties (1, 217), males in their thirties (948), males in their forties (592) and males in their fifties (479).
To determine quantitative differences, the proportion of responses to each question, the mean value of scale scores and discriminant scores were used. To determine qualitative differences, the factor-pattern of subjective complaints and scale scores were each checked by factor analysis.
The results were as follows:
1) Females in their twenties had many physical and psychological complaints, especially concerning their eyes. Two subjective complaint factors, the control of temper and the depression, were extracted by factor analysis. Twelve scales were divided into a physical scale group and two psychological scale groups.
2) Males in their twenties had three factors; an irregular lifestyle, the complaints of the digestive organs and the self-aggrandizement.
3) Males in their thirties seemed most stable, both physically and psychologically of the five groups.
4) Males in their forties showed depression. This was assumed to be a result of a loss of self-confidence in their physical condition or their work ability.
5) Males in their fifties had regular lives and were psychologically stable. On the other hand, this group showed somehow neurotic conditions and high scores on the “living scale”. Two factors, related to cardiovascular complaints and the self-aggrandizement, were extracted by factor analysis of subjective complaints.
The author believes that these results have determined relevance of the THI in collecting information about the physical and psychological status of both groups and individual people.View full abstractDownload PDF (1810K) -
(II) The means of evaluation in the discriminative diagnosis of psychosomatic disease by THIShigenobu Aoki1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 766-776
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Todai Health Index, THI, was developed as a general health questionnaire by S. Aoki et al. in 1974. It consists of 130 questions. Twelve scale scores and three discriminant scores are available for use in evaluation.
In this experiment, several methods for discrimination of psychosomatic diseases were investigated. Fifty psychosomatic disease patients (PSDs) and sex-age matched 250 controls were used as subjects.
The results were as follows:
1) Using discriminant analysis, seven scale scores were selected. With this function, the correct ratios were 82.0%, 81.6% and 81.7% for PSDs, controls and totals, respectively.
2) Using the Quantification Theory, Type II, each three answer choices for nine of the questions were quantified. The relationship between psychosomatic diseases and subjective complaints was nonlinear. The correct ratios were 82.0%, 92.0% and 90.3% for PSDs, controls and totals, respectively.
3) Using the Quantification Theory, Type III, and following the procedure for Type II, three choices for nine of the questions ranked in order of the seriousness of the subjective complaints were graphed on the first axis. A choice indicating a “medium degree” was assigned a negative value, and choices indicating a “high degree” or a “low degree” were assigned positive values on the second axis. Therefore, the graph of the three choices had a “V-shape”. The correct ratios were 72.0%, 92.0% and 88.7% for PSDs, controls and totals, respectively.
4) The above three evaluation methods were applied to 94 other cases. Four out of five cases, where doctors gave their comments, and in 32 out of 36 cases, where there were no comments from doctors, were judged correctly using the above three methods of evaluation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2875K) -
Osamu Fukase1980 Volume 34 Issue 6 Pages 777-792
Published: February 28, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the change in the activity of the peroxidative metabolic pathway (PMP) in lung tissue as an indicator of the effects of air pollutants, the effects of repeated exposures to gaseous pollutants on the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the lungs of mice were studied.
The exposure to ambient concentrations of ozone or even higher concentrations of nitrogen dioxide resulted in a dose-related increase in PMP activity; however, exposure to concentrations far in excess of those found in ambient nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide, or carbon monoxide made no difference. PMP activity was also increased when metallic cadmium fumes were inhaled or ANTU was administered. Increases related to lung weight, however, were less than those caused by the exposure to ozone or nitrogen dioxide. This indicates that the increase in PMP activity is a sensitive but not specific indicator for the effects of oxidative pollutants.
Ozone was found to have an effect 10 to 15 times greater on the PMP than nitrogen dioxide. The effects of ozone were extrapolated to even lower concentrations, while the effects of nitrogen dioxide did not occur until a critical concentration was reached. Differences were also noted for the action of both pollutants on the PMP.
Animals which maintained increased PMP activity were resistant to exposures to lethal ozone doses. Therefore, it is concluded that the PMP may play an important role in the development of tolerance to oxidants.
An increase in GSH levels generally proportional to the degree of exposure to ozone or nitrogen dioxide was employed as an indicator in studying the combined effects of the two gases. The increase in GSH levels caused by the gases combined was equal to the sum of the two individual pollutants. This suggests that combinations of the pollutants may act additively. The same method was also employed to study the effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, or carbon monoxide on the response to ozone exposure. Sulfur dioxide enhanced the effects of ozone under certain conditions, indicating that possible synergistic effects of ozone and sulfur dioxide were present. Such information will offer a clue to help to indicate exactly the hazards to health from photochemical air pollution which is a complex mixture of substances including ozone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1918K)
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