This study was carried out from 1972-1974, in order to elucidate the protein-binding iodine (PBI) revels in sera and their seasonal variations in inhabitants of Okinawa. Subjects number and experimental duration were approximately the same as those of Report 7 concerning the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
During the first year, subjects included 26 males native to Okinawa (15 in summer and 11 in winter) (Group O) and 27 natives of the main Japanese island (20 in summer and 7 in winter) (Group M). During the second year, subjects included 19 males native to Okinawa and 14 native to other places. The same subjects were examined both in summer and winter. To measure PBI, blood samples were drawn from the cubital vein when the BMR measurements of Report 7 were carried out and Faulkner's alkaline calcination method, revised by Itoga et al. was employed.
Results obtained were as follows;
1) Significant differences were not found in serum PBI levels between Groups O and M.
2) PBI values in Okinawa inhabitants showed seasonal changes that were smaller in summer and greater in winter. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of change between the two groups.
3) In summer, significant differences were found in Okinawan subgroups, lower for office workers than for Maritime Self-Defence Force personnel and student police. The difference seemed to be due to at least in part to the environmental temperatures at the respective place of work and to the degrees of physical activity each job requires.
4)The mean PBI values for all inhabitants of Okinawa, i.e, 5.2μg/dl in August and 6.1μg/dl in January, were compared with those for inhabitants in Sasebo and Nagasaki cities, reported by Kuwano et al. and Tsuchimoto respectively. The values for the main islands were 3.2μg/dl and 4.9μg/dl in summer, and 7.1μg/dl and 7.4μg/dl in winter for Self-Defence Force personnel in Sasebo and civilians in Nagasaki respectively. Though there were no seasonal BMR changes, significant seasonal PBI changes were found in inhabitants of Okinawa but much greater ones for Nagasaki and Sasebo inhabitants.
5) PBI values in August were almost the same for both Okinawa and Nagasaki inhabitants. The temperature in August was almost the same in both regions. However, FBI values in January in Okinawa were lower than those in October and the same as those in April for the inhabitants in Nagasaki and Sasebo, at which times temperatures are almost the same as in Okinawa in January.
From previous studies in Nagasaki and Sasebo, it has been found that serum PBI changes seasonally proceeding that of BMR and is higher in cooler seasons than in warmer ones. Therefore, it is thought that the above PBI differences in both seasons would be less in the Okinawans where temperature changes during a year are much slower and less than those in Nagasaki and Sasebo. Thus the seasonal change of BMR in Okinawans, almost the same as that of inhabitants elsewhere, occures under the condition of smaller seasonal changes in PBI values in the former group.

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The influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the function of the adrenal cortex in male rabbits was investigated.
1) Adrenocortical activity shows a diurnal rhythm as evident from the plasma concentration of corticosterone and its metabolites.
The corticosterone level in plasma was maximal in the morning and decreased gradually as the day advanced.
2) The corticosterone level in plasma obtained from a rabbit exposed to 100% O₂ at 2kg/cm² for 10 minutes was higher than that obtained from a rabbit which had been exposed to the same condition for 2hrs daily over a period of 21 days.
3) Adrenal cortex functions did not deteriorate, judging from the result of a 1-24 ACTH test, even after repeated hyperbaric oxygenations.
The results suggest that the adrenal cortex of rabbits adapts to the hyperbaric oxygen condition.
4) The effects of long-term and acute hyperoxia on 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (2, 3-DPG) in erythrocytes were also studied.
5) The function of the adrenal cortex essentially remained unaffected by the hyperbaric oxygen condition, although the plasma level of corticosterone in the rabbits increased due to hyperoxia.
The results of this study suggest that the clinical application of 1kg/cm²∼2kg/cm² for 2hrs per day has no significant effect on corticosterone levels in plasma or on the 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate levels in erythrocytes.

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Heart rate and blood pressure were measured on five male subjects who had performed ergometric cycling (50, 75 and 100W) in four ambient temperatures of 10, 15, 25 and 35°C.
Heart rates at rest and while cycling increased significantly with a rise in the ambient temperature, whereas systolic blood pressures decreased at rest but should no remarkable change during exercise. Indices calculated from these results were compared to estimate the subjects' capacity for physical exercise and cardiovascular function. A proposed index of fitness using heart rate counts during recovery, decreased remarkably with a rise in ambient temperature. The influence of temperature is excluded by using relative values in the estimate.
When comparing with physical capacity, it is better if cardiovascular function is measured at a standerdized temperature. If the function is measured in a different temperature, the relative values for evaluation are better than the absolute values for an estimate of physical capacity.

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Human body sway is measured as the movement of the center of gravity. In this paper, parameters to express sway and the time required for such measurements were examined.
Twenty-one healthy normal subjects, aged 19 to 51, were measured twice with their eyes open using a strain gauge-platform system (San-ei Instrument Co., 1G02 type, Tokyo). Five parameters to evaluate changes in the center of gravity were developed. Parameters A, B, C, and D gave the amplitude of sway as frequency-bands. The standard deviation was calculated on the X and Y axes and their sum expressed in parametric values. It was expected that parameters A, B, C, and D would locate in the wide, the low, the middle, and the high frequency-band, respectively. Parameter E gave the length of the movement of the center of gravity.
The following results were obtained.
1) In the case when subjects stood still for 13 minutes, no signficant changes were observed in parameters A, B, and D during this period. But, after subjects stood for 8 and 13 minutes respectively the values of parameter C increased significantly and all values of parameter E increased significantly after subjects stood for only 3 minutes.
2) Factor analysis method was applied on the correlation matrix among the five parameters based on each of the one-minute values in the case when subjects stood for 13 minutes. Two factors, F 1 and F 2, were extracted by this method. Parameters A and B were similarly loaded mainly with F 1. In contrast, the load of F 1 decreased and that of F 2 increased in parameters C, D, and E.
3) The values of each of the parameters were calculated after an initial three minutes' stand. These values were found to be reproducible. But the individual difference were found for all parameters.
4) Two factors, F 1 and F 2, were extracted as the result of factor analysis method on the correlation matrix among the five parameters based on the three minute values. In every case, the residue after extracting these two factors were less than 0.04. Parameter A was similar to B in its factor load pattern, mainly occupied by F 1. F 1 decreased and F 2 increased in parameters C, D, and E. But, the loading pattern of F 1 and F 2 was differed among parameters C, D, and E.
From the above results, the following conclusion is drawn: The values found after 3 minutes of standing do not influence continuous standing. Parameters B and E were essential to indicate body sway.

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塩化コバルト25mg/kgを1日1回3日間にわたってウサギに注射すると, 赤血球の過酸化脂質をあらわすマロンアルデヒド (MDA) 濃度は約2倍に, 血漿トリグリセライド濃度は約7倍に増えた。
MDAが増えると赤血球膜の抵抗が低下して溶血しやすくなるのではないかと溶血度を調べた。浸透圧抵抗検査 (パルパート法), 2%H₂O₂を用いる溶血試験 (PHT法), 赤血球膜のSH基の阻害剤であるパラクロルマーキュロ安息香酸による溶血度で調べたが, いずれの試験法でも, コバルトが溶血を促進することは立証されなかった。
血漿中のα-トコフェロール (Vit. E) 濃度はコバルト注射による脂血症, とりわけトリグリセライド濃度の上昇に伴って, 2倍以上に増えた。Vit. Eは遊離基のスカヴェンジャであり, 抗酸化剤であるが, α-トコフェロールの増量にも拘らず赤血球のMDA濃度はかえって増量した。
対照ウサギの赤血球をH₂O₂を添加した液, あるいは添加しない液に, それぞれインキュベートして膜の燐脂質の脂肪酸構成をガスクロマトグラフで分析した。その結果, 飽和脂肪酸, 不飽和脂肪酸の構成割合はいずれもH₂O₂の添加の有無に拘らず, 相異を示さなかった。これに対して, コバルト注射ウサギの赤血球を, H₂O₂を添加した液にインキュベートすると, 膜の総燐脂質とホスファチジールエタノールアミンの分画の多価不飽和脂肪酸であるアラキドン酸やリノール酸の百分率が, H₂O₂を添加しない液にインキュベートした対照に比べて有意に減少し, 飽和脂肪酸のパルミチン酸やステアリン酸の百分率は増加していた。
すなわち, コバルトにより赤血球膜で過酸化脂質が増加するに伴い, 膜の燐脂質の多価不飽和脂肪酸の割合が減少することが証明された。

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Although the harmful effects of noise may be reduced by a person's becoming accustomed to it the authors have analyzed the relation between the thinking process and chronic exposure to noise. The experimental results show that school children who are used to noise are more affected by the noise on their thinking process than the other children.
Eleven year old children were given thinking problems in which a female feacher read 3 digit numbers at a constant level, after which the subjects had to write down each number in reverse order. Some of the problems were given with a background of railway noise at various levels and the results obtained were analyzed to determine the effects of the presence of noise, noise levels and of chronic exposure to noise.
Based on the results, it is suggested that some habituation to suppress studying activities such as “suspention of thinking” or “abandoning work” are formad on the children who always do their thinking in a noisy environment.

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An experiment using rats was carried out to evaluate the effects of calcium deficiency on the interaction of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in vivo.
Eighty-four female rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed a calcium-sufficient diet (normal Ca group), and a second group was fed a calcium-deficient diet (low Ca group). These two groups were divided into 4 subgroups. The diet of subgroup I was supplemented with 50μg/g of Cd, that of subgroup II with 50μg/g of Zn, and that of subgroup III with 50μg/g of Cd and Zn, Subgroup IV served as the control group.
After 5 months on this regimen, the rats were killed and metal levels in the liver, the right kidney, the blood and the femur were analyzed. The left kidneys were examined histopathologically.
The results were as follows:
1) Growth retardation was observed in the low Ca group especially in subgroups I and III.
2) Whereas renal Cd concentrations in subgroup I were higher than those in subgroup III for the normal Ca group, the reverse was found in the low Ca group. Similar findings were also observed in the cases of renal Zn and Cu.
3) Zn in the liver increased with the administration of Cd in the low Ca group. Zn levels in the blood of the low Ca group were higher than those in the normal Ca group.
4) Ca in the femur decreased with the administration of Cd in the normal Ca group. For the low Ca group, Ca concentrations in each subgroup were lower than those of each corresponding subgroup of the normal Ca group. Ca/P ratios of the low Ca group and of the metal administered subgroups in the normal Ca group were lower than those of subgroup IV in the normal Ca group.
5) No significant histopathologic changes in the kidney were found in the normal Ca group but slight changes were observed in some animals of the low Ca group regardless of which metal was administered.
From these results, the interaction of Cd and Zn on renal accumulations of Cd has been shown to be disturbed by a Ca deficient condition.

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To estimate the differences between the influences of mental and physical load, a comparative study was made for one hour of TV-game-playing (TVG) versus jogging (JG). The subjects were 11 healthy male students aged 18-22 years old. Changes in biological functions due to the influences of TVG and JG were investigated using tests of the function of maintaining concentration (TAF), critical flicker fusion (FF), aesthesiometry (Es), blocking in continuous color-naming (Bl), dot-counting (Dc) and brain excitation levels (B.E.L.). Measurements were also made of the 30 subjective symptoms proposed as a measure of fatigue by the Japan Association of Industrial Health (Sub. Symp.), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR).
The results obtained were as follows:
1) Average TAF-L and TAF-D values tended to decrease after TVG and JG.
2) In the tests of FF, Es, Bl and B.E.L., average values tended to decrease after TVG, but increased after JG. Results, however, were not significant.
3) For subjective symptoms, the frequency of complaints of item II, namely, difficulty in concentration, showed a significant increase after TVG.
4) Blood pressure and heart rate were generally higher in TVG subjects in comparison to those at rest. However, it appeared that individual difference as well as game content affected these levels.

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原理を異にすると思われる3つの測定法を用いて正常人赤血球中のデルタアミノレブリン酸脱水酵素 (ALAD) 活性を同時測定し, それらの値を比較した。
3つの方法とは, 方法A: 酵素反応中に生成したポルフォビリノーゲン (PBG) を比色分析する方法で最も広く用いられている, 方法B: 酵素反応中に生成したPBGを加熱縮合してウロポルフィリン (URO) に変え, その螢光強度を測定する, 及び方法C: 酵素反応中に消費された基質量を, デルタアミノレブリン酸 (ALA) を比色分析して求める方法である。
正常人48名について, 上記3方法を用いて測定した際の赤血球ALA-D活性値の平均値と標準偏差は, 方法Aにより723±188nmol PBG/h/ml RBC, 方法Bにより101±33nmol URO/h/ml RBC及び方法Cにより1,425±384nmol ALA/h/ml RBCであった。これらの測定値は日本人の赤血球ALA-D活性の正常値を示すものと思われる。
なお, 3測定法間の相関は極めて良好であった。

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Benzalkonium chloride (Osvan) and chlorhexidine (Hibitane), recently developed disinfectants, have been used widely hospitals and medical schools. In the present paper, the author describes the degradability of Osvan and Hibitane in a laboratory-scale submerged fixed-film reactor.
The degradation rates of these disinfectants were increased by acclimating the activated sludge to daily increasing concentration of disinfectants in the apparatus. After acclimation, 150ppm (mg/l) of Osvan and 75ppm of Hibitane were decomposed in this manner.
It was also found that Hibitane, cresol and phenol were decomposed by the activated sludge after acclimation to Osvan. Similarly, Osvan, cresol and phenol were decomposed by the activated sludge after acclimation to Hibitane.

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