巻号一覧
36 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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今井 正之, 吉田 克己, 冨田 泰子, 笠間 一男, 北畠 正義, 大島 秀彦1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 671-677
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the relationship over time, between air pollution and chronic obstructive lung diseases in Yokkaichi, Japan, certificates of death from disease for the years 1963 to 1979 were studied.
The following results were obtained:
1) Several years after the frequency of chronic obstructive lung diseases had increased, the mortality rates from such diseases also began to rise.
2) With the reduction of pollution as a result of measures taken to control its sources, the mortality rate for asthma fell first, and then, those for chronic bronchitis and emphysema also fell to the levels observed in the control areas.
3) When levels of pollution in the polluted areas were highest, deaths from bronchial asthma occurred at increasingly younger ages.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (995K) -
岩本 美江子, 百々 栄徳, 米田 純子, 上田 洋一1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 678-686
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to ascertain the relationship between the cause of death and social environment, after a principal component analysis, the authors applied a varimax rotation to the statistical data obtained in 1970 and 1975, for all Japanese prefectures except Okinawa.
Twelve of the major causes of death, including lung and stomach cancers, and seven socio-geographical conditions were selected as variables. As a result of factor analysis, three factors were extracted.
The first factor (F1) accounted for about 30% of the total variance. It represented characteristic disease patterns, possibly due to urbanization. Prefectures could be classified into those where high death rates due to lung cancer accorded with the degree of urbanization, and into those rural areas where accidents were the major cause of death.
The second factor (F2) accounted for about 18% of the total variance. It represented disease patterns posibly based on temperature. Prefectures were classified into those where major causes of death included liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis and hypertension-i.e. western Japan-and those where stomach cancer and cardiovascular disease were the major causes-i.e. eastern Japan.
The third factor (F3) was characteristic of rural areas in northern Japan.
Standardized scores from (F1), (F2) and (F3) were plotted for 1975, and twelve prefecture types were obtained.
Death rates from the twelve diseases between 1972 and 1977 for the twenty-five cities in Yamaguchi Prefecture were calculated with reference to the five social environmental conditions measured by officical statistics for each municipality.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1174K) -
真鍋 真由美, 和田 攻, 真鍋 重夫1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 687-693
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーRecent laboratory research indicated that triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF) causes a marked increase in the amounts of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (T-Ch) and phospholipid (PL) in rabbit plasma. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the mechanism causing TPTF hyperlipemia. Male rabbits were given a single oral dose of 5% TPTF in sesame oil at the rate of 0.1g per kg body weight. To determine postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA), blood was withdrawn after 300 units of heparin was injected. The results obtained were as follow:
(1) Lipemia occurred regularly in all animals within 2 days after TPTF administration. TG and T-Ch also showed remarkable increases, the former rising to levels as high as 3, 000mg/dl plasma. However, both TG and T-Ch returned to previous levels within the subsequent 2 weeks.
(2) Most liver and renal function tests were within normal ranges except that there were slight increases in GOT and total bilirubin in serum and glucose appeared in the urine.
(3) The lipoprotein which accumulated in the plasma was found by density gradient centrifugation to be of a chylomicron and a very low density type (VLDL).
(4) PHLA, plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipose tissue LPL activity decreased rapidly after TPTF administration and this level remained constant for the two-week observation period. The degree to which tissue LPL activity was reduced was greater than for plasma LPL activity.
(5) PHLA and LPL amounts released into plasma by heparin were less and were maintained for a shorter duration in the TPTF group when compared with the control group.
(6) Tin levels in adipose tissue increased in the first day after administration, but low levels were observed thereafter.
(7) In the range of concentrations 10-3 to 10-7, TPTF and its metabolites (di-, monophenyltin and inorganic tin) did not inhibit LPL activity in vitro. In rabbits, TPTF-induced hyperlipemia is classified as type V following the classifications devised by the World Health Organization. The results further suggest for abnormal patterns that hyperlipemia is caused by the reduced synthesis of LPL in tissues. Therefore, TPTF-induced hyperlipemia in rabbits may be used not only as a model for type V hyperlipemia, but the sensitive reactions of PHLA and LPL activity in plasma to TPTF may be used as an index TPTF exposure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (903K) -
杉田 稔, 山口 直人, 増田 義徳1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 694-700
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn the microscopic examination of blood red cells in urine sediment, there is no standardized method in terms of how many visual fields should be observed or how the results should be expressed. In order to determine such standards, samples from fifteen students were collected and red blood cells in the sediment of the urine were observed approximately 100 times through a high power microscope. When the mean number of red blood cells per visual field is three or less, the number of such cells in each visual field shows a Poisson distribution. Here, observing 20 visual fields is sufficient to count red blood cells in a routine examination, since the 95% confidence interval of the mean is narrowed when 20 visual fields are examined. In this case, only the mean number of red blood cells needs to be expressed. However, when the mean is greater than three, the number of red blood cells in each visual field shows a Pólya-Eggenberger distribution, because some visual fields may contain aggregated red blood cells, making the variance greater than the mean. In this case, 20×C visual fields should be examined (where C is the value of variance/mean), and the results should be expressed using the variance as well as the mean.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (821K) -
杉浦 静子, 伊藤 千代子, 明石 悦子, 松井 清夫, 坂本 弘1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 701-711
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to clarify the degree of information published by newspapers concerned with health education. Two major newspapers were observed for the years 1972 and 1976, and the contents of editorials, personal columns, letters to the editor and obituary notices were analyzed.
The results were as follows:
1) Similar tendencies were noted for editorials, personal columns and letters to the editor, in that the ratio of the number of health articles to the total number of articles was significantly lower in 1976 than in 1972. Articles about environmental pollution, and occupational health and safety decreased between 1972 and 1976.
2) Articles dealing with health problems were most often concerned with the citizens' campaign for the health problem. On the other hand, proposals and requests about health problems were frequently aimed at governmental or at public organizations.
3) Persons reported about in obituary notices were generally male, forty years of age and over, and the directors of companies or corporations. Their causes of death were different when compared with the general population adjusted for sex and age.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1456K) -
第二報 外国人の頭髪中の23種の元素量について寺岡 久之1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 712-717
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー1. アメリカ, イギリス, ニュージランド, フィリッピン, メキシコなどより採集した頭髪中の元素量を比較検討したところ, 頭髪の色が dark reddish brown であったフィリッピン女性には高濃度のFe, Pb, Sn, Ni, Co及びBiが, 黒髪のメキシコ人や日本人にはMnが, ニュージランド男性, ハワイ男性及びフィリッピン女性にはAgが, メキシコの男女にはMgがそれぞれ高濃度に検出された。逆に, 灰白色の頭髪 (ハワイ, イギリス) には元素量は少ないように思われた。
さらにメキシコ人と日本人のように頭髪の色が同じでも生活環境などの違いによって元素量に差が見うけられ, また日本人の場合と同様に外国人についても性差が見うけられた。
2. メキシコのクロム作業者の頭髪中Cr量について検討したところ, 男性ではCrが対照者 (1.8±0.33ppm, n=6) に対し, 労働者では (67±65ppm, n=21) であった。一方女性では, 対照者 (1.4±0.75ppm, n=16) に対し, 労働者では (9.5±5.4ppm, n=3) であった (Fig. 1)。このように, 顕著に高濃度のCrがメキシコのクロム作業者の頭髪に濃縮されていた。しかし他の金属については男女とも対照者と労働者の間に大きな差は見られなかった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (732K) -
第6報 在室者から放出された空中ブドウ球菌の生物型および生物学的性状寺山 和幸, 平田 史子, 大野 秀樹, 河原林 忠男, 横田 正義, 青井 陽, 中田 秀彦1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 718-724
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーAirborne staphylococci (A.S.) dispersed in a poorly ventilated model laboratory by healthy volunteers were investigated in order to compare their biological types and biological characteristics with those of resident staphylococci (R.S.) isolated from the bodies and clothing of the same subjects. The results obtained are as follows.
1. Bacteria in the air include a large proportion staphylococci in comparison with the numbers found in the sediment on the floor.
2. The distribution of A.S. into the biological-type subgroups proposed by Baird-Parker (1962, 1963) significantly differed from that for R.S.
3. With the exception of R.S. isolated from hair, there was not significant difference between A.S. and R.S. as measured by the anaerobic mannitol fermentation test.
However, positive A.S. rates were significantly lower in the coagulase and compact-type colony formation tests when compared with those for R.S. collected from the nose. The positive rates of A.S. were higher for the DNase and lysozyme tests than R.S. from any part of the bodies of the human subjects.
The results suggest that changes in biological characteristics as well as biological types of staphylococci dispersed from human bodies in the air are caused by environmental changes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (939K) -
生化学的検討および電子顕微鏡的観察鈴木 平光, 和田 攻1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 725-733
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーMale mice were given either one intraperitoneal injection of copper (25μmol CuSO4⋅5H2O/kg body weight) or one injection daily for seven days in order to determine copper metabolism in the liver. Copper contents in whole livers, bile and subcellular liver fractions were measured and the copper in liver cell granules was determined by electron X-ray microanalysis.
The results were as follows:
1) Absorbed copper was incorporated into soluble, lysosomal and peroxisomal fractions of the liver and released from the peroxisomal fraction within 24hrs after one injection of copper. Moreover, copper content in the bile increased. Excessive copper was found to be incorporated into the peroxisomal fraction at high levels as measured 24hrs after the termination of daily injections for seven days.
2) Electron microscopy revealed greater numbers of lysosomes and large dense bodies in both pericanalicular and perinuclear regions in livers which had received seven copper injections when compared to controls. Electron X-ray microanalysis further demonstrated that excessive copper was detectable in the large dense bodies, but not in peroxisomes.
The results demonstrate that excessive copper in the liver is incorporated into both the lysosomes and large dense bodies contained in the peroxisomal fraction and then excreted into the bile, and suggest that the large dense bodies play an important role in the metabolism of copper in liver cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (14710K) -
(第6報) 腎アミノ酸クリアランス小林 悦子, 本多 隆文, 能川 浩二, 河野 俊一, 坂元 倫子1981 年 36 巻 4 号 p. 734-741
発行日: 1981/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーEndogenous renal transport of free amino acids was determined in six suspected itai-itai patients (female) (group A: severe cadmium poisoning), thirteen women with renal damage from cadmium (B) and three women not exposed to cadmium who served as the control group (C).
Plasma concentration, urinary excretion, renal clearance rates, net tubular reabsorption, and percentages of tubular reabsorption of 25 amino acids were obtained by short-term clearance studies.
The results indicated that:
1) The clearance of most individual amino acids were much higher in the Cd-exposed group than in the control group.
2) The percentages of tubular reabsorption of most amino acids were characteristically lower in the Cd-exposed group than in the control group.
3) Amino acid clearance patterns were similar for suspected itai-itai patients and women with renal damage from cadmium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1062K)
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