日本衛生学雑誌
Online ISSN : 1882-6482
Print ISSN : 0021-5082
ISSN-L : 0021-5082
37 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 三島 昌夫, 星合 尚, 菅原 和夫
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 499-504
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fifty-nine samples of teeth were taken from healthy children 7 to 13 years of age residing in Tokyo. Cadmium, iron, lead and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and graphite furnace atomizer systems, after separation of the enamel and dentine.
    The results were as follow:
    1) The distributions of trace metals in human teeth were approximately log-normal distributions, both for essential and non-essential metals.
    2) Trace metals in teeth showed both mono-peak and double-peak profiles.
    3) Significant positive correlations have been found between enamel and dentine for iron.
  • 松本 一弥, 松井 知子, 川森 正夫
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 505-509
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    慢性電極を施した生後13週令の Wistar 系雄ラット8頭を用いて, 3時間の強制運動負荷前・後の24時間ポリグラムを記録し, 身体的負荷がその後の睡眠に及ぼす影響について検討し, 次の結果を得た。
    1. 平均PS潜時は, 運動負荷前に比して運動負荷後に有意な延長 (P<0.001) が認められたが, LS, DSの各睡眠潜時には有意差がみられなかった。
    2. 全記録時間に対する各睡眠期の割合については, LSでは運動負荷前に比して運動負荷後に有意差はみられなかったが, 運動負荷後にDSの有意な増加 (P<0.05), とPSの有意な減少 (P<0.001) が認められた。
    3. また, 全睡眠時間に対する各睡眠期の割合も上記と同様の傾向が示された。
    4. 各睡眠における記録開始から1時間毎の出現率をみると, PSは運動負荷前に比して運動負荷後約6時間にわたって抑制される傾向がみられたが, その後は差がみられなかった。
    5. 運動負荷前および運動負荷後ともに, PSとDSの1時間毎の出現率はいずれも明期に多く, 暗期に少ないといった Circadian rhythm がみられたが, LSについては, このリズムが認められなかった。
    以上の成績から, 肉体的な疲労回復におけるDSの重要性が示唆された。
  • 小池 重夫, 久野 由基一, 森田 博行
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 510-515
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    本実験では, シリカがウサギの肺マクロファージと腹腔内の多形核白血球の過酸化脂質の生成, 乳酸脱水素酵素の細胞外放出, ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム (NBT) の還元能に及ぼす影響を調べた。対照にはマクロファージ単独, あるいはコランダム (Al2O3) を選んだ。3mg/107cells のシリカを1時間, 肺マクロファージに捕食させると過酸化脂質-酸化された不飽和脂肪酸の分解産物であるマロニルジアルデヒドであらわす-が増量した。
    また, マクロファージ外に放出した乳酸脱水素酵素の活性は著明に亢進し, シリカが細胞膜を傷害したことを示している。シリカはコランダムに比べて顕著なNBTの還元能を示したが, これはシリカを捕食したマクロファージにスーパーオキシドの産生が亢進したことを示すものである。
    以上の結果はシリカは肺マクロファージに捕食されて, 過酸化脂質の生成を促進すると同時にスーパーオキシドの生成を亢進し, 細胞膜を傷害することを示している。
  • 伊達 ちぐさ, 田中 平三, 吉川 賢太郎, 植田 豊, 馬場 昭美, 林 正幸, 田中 ゆかり, 島田 豊治, 山本 博司, 大和田 国夫 ...
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 516-529
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    日本人常用食品中の単糖類, 二糖類, 糖アルコールを定量するためのガスクロマトグラフィー法を確立した。その概要は, 次の通りである。
    1) 試料の調整: 通常の食品分析で採用されている方法に準拠する。
    2) 糖類の抽出: 食品によって, 水抽出法か, 80%エタノール抽出法 (15分1回の還流加熱) かを選ぶ。
    3) オキシム化: 50°C, 減圧下で乾固させた糖類 (10∼30mg) に2.5%塩酸ヒドロキシルアミン-ピリジン溶液1mlを加え, 70∼80°Cで30分間反応。再び, 50°C減圧下にてピリジンを除去。
    4) TMS化: 2.5mlのTMS混合液 (ピリジン: ヘキサメチルジシラザン: トリメチルクロロシラン=10:2:1) に溶かす。反応時間は5分以上とする。反応終了後, 3,000r.p.m.で10分間遠心分離を行う。
    5) GLC装置への注入: 上澄液2μlを注入する。
    6) 内部標準法 (ドコサンまたはイノシトール) により糖類含有量を測定する。
    この“改良法”の再現性と添加回収率は, ほぼ満足すべきものであった。しかし, 食品中の含有量が微量 (1g/100g以下) である糖類を, 多量 (10g/100g以上) に含有される糖類と同時に測定する時には, その再現性は若干不良であった。
    試料を保存しておく必要がある場合には, 水抽出液を冷蔵または冷凍保存とする。少なくとも25日間は, 安定であった。オキシム-TMS化液は, 共栓試験管に入れて室温保存すると, 少なくとも1週間は安定であった。
    食品中の糖類を定量する場合に, 著者らの確立したGLC法は, 化学的定量法よりも至便ではあるが, 簡易性の点において液体クロマトグラフィー法よりも劣っていた。しかし, 感度はGLC法が優れている点や, HPLC法ではソルビトールとぶどう糖の分離が不良である点を考慮すると, 微量の糖類を含む食品や, ソルビトールを含むと推測される食品には, GLC法を用いるのが適切である。
  • 紺野 信弘, 山内 徹, 木根渕 英雄
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 530-541
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study was undertaken to consider the effects of age on the delayed neurotoxicity and tissue distribution caused by the organophosphorus insecticide Phosvel (leptophos).
    1. Comparisons were made between 10 young (3-month-old) chickens and 10 adult (23-month-old) chickens which had been given 400mg/kg Phosvel in a single dose. Five chickens were used as controls in each group. The birds were observed daily for mortality and neurotoxic reactions throughout the 28-day test period.
    Cholinergic toxicity which developed shortly after ingestion was greater in young chickens than in adult, while the reverse was true for delayed neurotoxicity.
    There was no difference based on age concerning the time required for signs of delayed neurotoxicity to appear. Ataxia in the lower limbs developed between 9 and 13 days after Phosvel administration.
    The growth rates of young ataxic and paralyzed bird were lower than those of the controls. A sharp weight loss occurred in adult chickens during the time between the onset of ataxia and paralysis.
    2. The concentration of Phosvel in various tissues of birds were analyzed by gas chromatography.
    When the chickens were sacrificed 24hrs after administration, the concentrations of Phosvel in the lungs, liver, breast muscle and brain were less than 1ppm in wet tissue but there were no age differences. Concentrations in wet adipose tissue ranged from 9 to 12ppm. Since the adipose tissue in adult chickens constitutes a large proportion of total body weight than in young chickens the Phosvel content (total Phosvel in adipose tissue/total dose) was in fact, found to be approximately 13 times greater in the former.
    3. Chickens were sacrificed 6, 24, 48 and 72hrs after Phosvel administration of 400mg/kg. Phosvel concentration in the brain peaked at 6hrs and then decreased sharply between 24 and 72hrs. Its biological half-life in the brain was 16.7hrs for young chickens and 15.8hrs for adult chickens. The halflife in adipose tissue was 30.1hrs for young chickens and 100.3hrs for adult chickens.
    4. In conclusion, there is an age difference in the delayed neurotoxicity of Phosvel after oral administration to chickens. Phosvel content (% of dosage) and the biological half-life in adipose tissue also show the age difference. However, there is no difference in the concentration of Phosvel in brain of young and adult chickens.
  • 潮見 重毅, 宮下 和久, 笠松 隆洋, 岩田 弘敏, 一宮 源太
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 542-548
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Thermography is a new method used to diagnose peripheral circulatory disturbances caused by excessive vibration. The present study investigated the skin temperature of human hands, using a thermograph to provide cold. The subjects included nine healthy males, 23 to 31 years of age, and three patients aged 44, 54 and 64 with Raynaud's phenomenon caused by their occupational environment. Subjects were exposed to cold air, 13-15°C, for 60 minutes four times a year, i.e. in autumn (September-October), winter (January-February), spring (April-May) and summer (July-August).
    The results were as follows:
    1) In the control group, the skin temperature of the fingertip prior to exposure was almost as high as that of the back of the hand regardless of the season, but the skin temperature of the fingertip during exposure to cold decreased more noticeably than that of the back of the hand.
    2) In the control group, both skin temperatures prior to exposure were higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. During exposure to cold in summer and autumn, the temperatures decreased more than in winter and spring.
    3) In two patients, Raynaud's attacks were provoked by exposure to cold, but only in spring.
    4) The difference in skin temperature changes between the control group and the patient group suggests that it is best to measure skin temperature in winter and spring in order to evaluate the peripheral circulatory functions. Moreover, it appears possible to accurately assess skin temperature in summer or autumn by exposure to cold. In conclusion, special regard should be paid on the effects of environmental factors in every season when skin temperatures are used to evaluate peripheral circulatory disturbances caused by excessive vibration levels.
  • 松島 肇
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 549-556
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    マスフラグメントグラフィーにより土壤中の多環芳香族炭化水素 (PAH) の分析法を確立した。本法は次のような操作から構成されている。(1) ベンゼンーメタノール (10:3) による抽出。(2) フロリジルカラムを用いてベンゼンでクリーンアップ。(3) シリカゲルカラムを用いて, イソオクタンで脂肪族炭化水素, イソオクタンーベンゼン (1:1) でPAHを分画。(4) マスフラグメントグラフィーによるPAHの同定及び定量。
    以上のような方法による回収率は20から200μgの範囲内で80%以上であった。また, 本法を横浜平潟湾周辺土壤に適用した結果, アントラセン+フェナントレン, フルオランテン, ピレン, ベンゾ(a)フルオレン, ベンゾ(a)アントラセン, クリセン, ベンゾ(a)ピレン (ベンゾ(e)ピレン), ディベンゾ(a, h)アントラセン, ベンゾ(ghi)ペリレンなどを数十μg/kgから数mg/kg of dry sample の範囲で定量した。
  • 山川 正信, 西田 耕之助
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 557-565
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    The expressed purpose of odor control is to eliminate the pollution caused by offensive odors. The present Offensive Odor Control Law in Japan, however, does not cover complex odors which are actually emitted. Some local authorities, e.g. the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, have enacted so-called Sensory Regulation Bylaws based on actual human sensory responses, using the odor dilution number. Then considerable results have been obtained in terms of magnification of the regulation extent. But if the sensory evaluation system is used to evaluate all aspects of the odor problem, it must be made more pervasive by including the sensory characteristics of the exhaust odors from actual sources.
    In this study, a multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the concentrations of the various constituents of complex odors and the odor dilution threshold(D/T). From the examination about odors emitted from a pig farm and dead animal processings, or rendering plants, the following results were obtained.
    1) Changes in odor intensity or unpleasantness of pig farm odors by dilution are less than changes in odors from dead animal processings.
    2) For rendering odors, the D/T value is high due to free fatty acids, such as butylic or varelic acid, which, however, are not regulated by the present laws.
    3) Even a low concentration odorants may strongly effect the sense of smell.
    4) D/T values can be estimated from the 5 or 6 principle odorants from the sources considered here together with R2>0.99 and SE<50.
  • 佐野 晴洋, 山下 節義, 川西 正祐, 井口 弘, 吉永 侃夫, 小城 勝相, 塚本 幾代, 藤田 博美, 岡本 浩子, 加藤 伸勝, 宮 ...
    1982 年 37 巻 2 号 p. 566-579
    発行日: 1982/06/30
    公開日: 2009/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    An epidemiological survey and clinical investigations were carried out on 162 retired workers from manganese mines and ore grinders, who were the residents of the Tamba district of Kyoto Prefecture. Most of the workers had been employed in small industrial factories with less than five employees under very poor working conditions. Fifty-five percent of them had worked in the mines and factories for longer than 11 years. Forty-six percent had been retired for 11-20 years, whereas 27% for longer than 21 years. A group of 124 people living in the same region but who had not been exposed to manganese served as the control group.
    The incidence of subjective symptoms associated with chronic manganese poisoning such as emotional instability, psychomotor irritability and neurologic abnormalities was apparently high in the experimental group and it increased with the period of exposure to manganese dust. Twenty-eight percent of the workers reported the subjective symptoms while they were employed, but 45% of them reported as late as six years after they retired.
    Of the retired workers, five (3.1%) had parkinsonism, three (1.9%) showed symptoms of hemiparkinsonism, and fifteen (9.3%) showed neurological symptoms including maskedlike, gait unbalance, slurred speech and imparied fine movements. Forty-five percent of these patients recognized these abnormalities for more than five years after they had left the contaminated workings. It is noteworthy that 39% of the retired workers were diagnosed as having pneumoconiosis.
    Some of the problems encountered in diagnosing manganese poisoning after exposure has been terminated is also discussed here.
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