巻号一覧
38 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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永野 隆夫, 祐田 泰延, 岡田 昌二1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 741-747
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe present study examines the absorption and excretion of chlorella cadmium-binding protein (Ch-CdBP) in rats incomparison to the same functions for inorganic cadmium. Ten daily administrations of inorganic cadmium, significantly curbed increases in body weight but the same number of oral administrations of Ch-CdBP.
Cadmium accumlations in the liver, kidneys and spleen were smaller in rats given Ch-CdBP than in those which had received the cadmium. Cadmium concentration in blood maximized 60min after one oral dose, but it did not change significantly after Ch-CdBP administration.
Cadmium excretion in urine was more rapid and the amount much greater when Ch-CdBP had been administered than when cadmium had been administered.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (938K) -
井奈波 良一1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 748-757
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn an effort to clarify the mechanism underlying stress-induced hyperuricemia, rises in uric acid in the plasma of rats which had been subjected to immobilization stress were investigated. Two types of stress were investigated-fixation in a supine position for 3mins and immobilization in a Ballman cage for 6mins.
Immobilization in a supine position caused immediate increases of up to 400% in uric acid levels. This hyperuricemic response could be enhanced slightly by pre-treatment with propranolol, or depressed to approximately 50% that of the control level with phentolamine, or to 60% by adrenal demedullation. In demedullated rats, although hexamethonium markedly inhibited the rise of uric acid, it did not eliminate it entirely. Neither phentolamine nor atropine had any significant effects. Such results indicate that two different mechanisms are involved in the hyperuricemic response-the adrenal epinephrine-dependent reaction mediated via α-receptors, and the epinephrine-independent reaction in which autonomic nerves other than the adrenal medulla might be involved.
The uric acid levels in the liver markedly increased in response to stress, however those in other tissues did not change. As with changes in plasma, increases in liver uric acid went only as far as 60% of the levels of the control group after adrenal demedullation. These results support the view that the stress-induced increases of plasma uric acid levels are due to raised production of uric acid occurring only in the liver.
Stress did not cause changes in liver adenine nucleotides-ATP, ADP and AMP. Although tissue lactate levels had increased following stress, they did not parallel changes in tissue uric acid, which may exclude the possibility that increased dproduction of liver uric acid is caused by decreases in adenine nucleotides or by non-specific effects, such as tissue hypoxia.
Immobilization in a Ballman cage did not raise the levels of uric acid in plasma. However, after treating rats with phentolamine, the amount of plasma uric acid doubled after stress. Propranolol had no such effects. In demedullated rats, stress failed to cause increases in uric acid even after phentolamine-treatment. It can be concluded therefore that the hyperuricemic response is caused by adrenal epinephrine and that in sharp contrast to the stress caused by immobilization in a prone position, the action of epinephrine is mediated via β-receptors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1508K) -
鈴木 明, 局 博一, 嵯峨井 勝, 久保田 憲太郎1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 758-763
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーNO2低濃度長期間暴露による生体影響を検討するための一手段として, 0.04ppm, 0.12ppm, 0.4ppmのNO2をラットに6, 9および18か月間暴露し, 心拍数, 呼吸数, 血中ヘモグロビンおよび動脈血pH/ガス分圧 (PaCO2, PaO2) について検討した。
1. 動物暴露条件は, チャンバー内の温度, 湿度および濃度制御結果から, 全体的にみてほぼ満足できるものであった。また, 血清反応検査から, 被験動物はいわゆる病原微生物の感染を受けることなく飼育されたと考えられた。
2. 心拍数は, 対照群と比較して, 0.12ppm6か月間暴露で有意な減少を示し, 逆に, 0.4ppm18か月間暴露で有意な増加を示した。
3. 呼吸数は0.4ppm暴露群で対照群と比較して4-6%の増加傾向を認めたが, 有意な変化ではなかった。
4. 血中ヘモグロビンは, 対照群と比較して2-5%の増加傾向を示したが, 有意な差ではなかった。
5. 動脈血PaO2は, 0.4ppm9および18か月間暴露で, 対照群よりおよそ10%低下し, 有意な差を示した。0.12ppm18か月間暴露ではPaCO2の有意な低下が認められた。pHaはいずれの暴露期間および暴露濃度においても有意な変化を示さなかった。
以上の成績から, 0.4ppm, 9-18か月間暴露でも有意なPaO2の低下が起こることが明らかとなり, いわゆるハイポキセミアを起こす低濃度のNO2暴露濃度および暴露期間について明らかにされた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (937K) -
西村 義一, 稲葉 次郎1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 764-771
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーWhole-body retention of 54MnCl2 after a single oral administration in rats of various ages was investigated. In adult rats, 0.3% of the dose was retained at 14 days, whereas new-born and suckling rats had higher retention rates than adults; these rates decreased sharply after weaning.
54MnCl2 was administered through the tail veins of pregnant rats between the 13th and 20th days of gestation in order to study the relationship between age and 54Mn intake. The rat conceptus and individual portions (the placenta, fetal membrane, amniotic fluid and fetus) were sampled periodically from each group. Placental 54Mn concentrations were slightly less when administration was in the later stages of pregnancy, but concentrations in the fetal membrane and amniotic fluid were relatively low and did not seem to vary on the basis of stage of gestation. For example, the values for 15-day pregnant rats increased from 0.2% of the initial dose 2 days after administration to 0.4% of dose on the sixth day.
54MnCl2 was administered intravenously to 8-, 14- and 20-day pregnant rats. In order to study the 54Mn transferred through the placenta and mother's milk, the“foster mother method”was adopted using the following three groups: 1) Sucklings born of and nursed by contaminated mothers received 54Mn through both the placenta and milk. 2) Sucklings born of contaminated mothers but nursed by controle foster mothers received only transplacental 54Mn. 3) Sucklings which were born of control mothers but nursed by contaminated foster mothers received 54Mn only from milk. Transplacental 54Mn in 8-, 14- and 20-day pregnants was 0.3, 0.9 and 1.3% of initial dose, respectively. The result showed the effect of the gestation age at the dosing on the transplacental 54Mn. It was observed that 0.4-1.4% of initial dose of 54Mn were transferred to sucklings via milk. The amount of milk transfer 54Mn in sucklings was dependent on the gestation age at the time of dosing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1051K) -
第II報: Trichloroethylene 暴露による血清中及び尿中代謝産物の経時的変化芳原 達也, 小林 春男, 東原 英治, 川本 俊弘, 酒井 恒美1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 772-779
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーDogs were exposed for one hour to trichloroethylene at concentrations of 700, 1, 500 and 2, 000ppm. Metabolite (trichloroethanol (F-TCE), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and total trichloroethanol (T-TCE)) changes in serum and urine were measured from the beginning of exposure until one hour after termination. Particulary, in 700ppm exposure group, other dogs were exposed for two hours to trichloroethylene and these metabolites were mesured in urine and in serum. These two groups were compaired with each other.
The results were as follows.
1. Trichloroethylene metabolites in serum and in urine correlated significantly with trichloroethylene concentration, and with absorption by the lungs, respectively.
2. Renal excretion rates of metabolites were T-TCE, TCA and F-TCE in order of highest to lowest.
3. The percentage of trichloro-compounds in the urine to total trichloroethylene absorption by the lungs was about 0.7% at one hour following the termination of exposure.
4. Ninety and 120 minutes of the beginning of exposure, trichloroethylene metabolites in serum and urine of the group being exposed were lower than those group where exposure had been terminated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1021K) -
佐々木 隆一郎1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 780-790
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーEpidemiological surveys of asymptomatic gallstones were conducted in the towns of N (Aichi Prefecture) in 1980-1981 and S (Gifu Prefecture) in 1981. Of the 2, 321 people and the 1, 308 people (aged 30-65) in N and S town respectively, 1, 861 (827 males and 1, 034 females) were examined in the former and 1, 074 (486 males and 588 females) in the latter. This is a response rate of 80.2% for N and 82.1% for S. Examinations included anthropometric measurements, urinalysis, electrocardiography, serum lipids concentration, funduscopy and ultrasonography. Ultrasonography validity tests, performed on 213 people with clinically confirmed gallstones, gave sensitivity and specificity rates of 97.9% and 98.8%, respectively.
Fifty-one out of the 2, 936 respondents had gallstones; all but two cases of which were asymptomatic gallstones. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic gallstones, was 0.5% for males and 2.7% for females, and the latter had a higher rate in each town. Gallstone rates were higher in N than in S, particularly in the ages over 40's, but were much lower than those found in Japanese urban areas. In order to evaluate the epidemiological characters of asymptomatic gallstones, a case-control study was attempted. Cases with asymptomatic gallstones were compared to people randomly selected, but matched by age, sex and residence, from the 2, 831 control subjects without any episodes of gallstone. Two respondents who had previous episodes had currently showed no clinical symptoms, were included above. Self-administered questionnaires provided information on previous illness, family history, current health status, and personal habits such as smoking, drinking and diet. Biochemical and physiological data, e. g. serum lipid concentration and electrocardiographic findings were compared.
Matched analysis demonstrated higher mean serum triglyceride concentrations and earlier menopause in those with gallstones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1432K) -
松井 寿夫, 和田 攻, 小野 哲1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 791-796
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー人乳および牛乳中の亜鉛が消化過程でどのような存在形態の変化を示すかを明らかにする目的で in vitro の実験で検討した。人乳および牛乳をペプシン, トリプシン, あるいはその両方で消化し, 消化生成物を Sephadex G-75 でゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーを行った。ペプシン消化では, 乳汁中亜鉛の大部分はZn(NO3)2と同じ位置に溶出した。また, 乳汁を塩酸酸性にするのみでも同様に亜鉛の遊離がみられた。このことは, 胃において乳汁中亜鉛が遊離することを示している。乳汁をペプシン消化した後, トリプシンで消化した場合には, 大部分の亜鉛はチトクロームC (分子量: 12,000) よりわずかに早い位置に溶出された。また, ペプシン消化した乳汁をpH8.3に調整した場合にも, ペプシン・トリプシンの連続消化したときと同様な溶出パターンを示した。これらのことから, アルカリ性の十二指腸中では亜鉛は消化生成物と結合すると考えられる。また, 消化後の亜鉛溶出パターンに人乳と牛乳とで差がみられなかったことは, 人乳と牛乳における亜鉛吸収率の差が亜鉛結合物の分子量の大きさによっているのではないことを示唆している。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (507K) -
下條 信弘, 浅野 信久, 山口 誠哉1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 797-805
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーLead was initially transmitted through mother's milk until weaning, then was mixed directly into the diet of the experimental animals after weaning. The effects on rats of post-natal indirect exposure to low levels of lead were evaluated based on locomotor activity, body weight, and time-dependent changes in lead concentration. Throughout the experiment, there were no deaths due to lead exposure, but growth was slightly retarded.
Locomotor activity levels were measured daily from the date of weaning until the 56th day. Time-dependent changes of lead-treated rats were significantly lower than those of controls matched by age (p<0.01).
The mean lead concentrations in the blood of treated rats reached a maximum of 336.7μg/100g at 14 days, in the brain of 111.4μg/100g at 21 days, in the liver of 698.6μg/100g at 7 days, and in the kidneys at 793.2μg/100g at 14 days. All of the above concentrations decreased steadily until the 56th day. Although lead poisoning is thought to induce several serious behavioral problems, a causal relationship between lead ingestion and behavioral dysfunction has not been demonstrated here.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1047K) -
松本 健治, 永井 尚子, 三野 耕, 奥村 明春, 竹内 宏一, 武田 真太郎1983 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 806-811
発行日: 1983/10/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーUse of the rapid lowering of age of maximum increment in height (MI age) in Japan after the World War II has permitted investigation of how changes in nutritional levels relate to the acceleration of growth. MI age calculations were based on the Annual Statistical Report of the School Health Survey published by the Ministry of Education. Data on nutritional level were derived from the National Nourishment Situation produced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
The results were as follows:
1) Similar tendencies towards lowered MI ages are seen for intake of nutrients (fats and oils, carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin B2), intake of eggs by food groups, energy supply-ratios from cereals and from starchy foods.
2) Time lags are read on time lag analysis as 17-22 years at the maximum correlation coefficient observed between each birth-year cohort and the greatest portion of nutritional changes. The nutritional level for the group 17-22 years of age over MI age closely corresponded with the MI age.
3) It is therefore difficult to affirm that change in nutritional level is an indicator of MI age, but social changes in Japan including economic development have presumably brought about changes in the diet and simultaneously caused the acceleration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (676K)
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