巻号一覧
38 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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原田 幸一, 三浦 創1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 817-822
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーDicarboxylic porphyrins, such as proto, meso, deutero, etc. are not excreted into urine but into bile4), however small amounts of protoporphyrin are often determined at the determination of urinary coproporphyrin1). Chiba2) reported urinary protoporphyrin in rabbits suffering from tin poisoning. Small amounts of tricarboxylic porphyrin have been found in the urine of animals with lead poisoning3). Since proto and tricarboxylic porphyrin have a simillar acid solubility, there is a possibility of confuse between these two porphyrins.
In order to determine free porphyrin and the metylester of the porphyrins, paper chromatography using a lutidine-water system and thin layer chromatography using a benzene-ethylacetate system were respectively employed. The metylester gave a pattern typical of etio-type porphyrins with a Soret maximum of 404nm in a CHCl3 solution. Although tricarboxylic porphyrin in urine was eatimated to be at a level of only 3% of that of coproporphyrin in both normal and lead-poisoned rabbits, there was a heigh correlation (r=0.932, n=49) between the amounts both in urine.
The results suggest that urinary tricarboxylic porphyrin is an intermediate substance deriving during the process of oxidative decarboxylation from coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrinogen and, that excretion of the pigment may be increased by lead, because lead disturbs certain stages of porphyrin biosynthesis. Intermediates in the pathway may, therfore, accumulate in vivo. The amount of urinary tricarboxylic porphyrin is thought to be of little value as an indicator of lead poisoning because of the complicated required to assertain it. Coproporphyrin, on the other hand, does not present such technical difficulties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (690K) -
Reference value 及び正常範囲決定に当っての元素パターン鎌倉 光宏1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 823-838
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/03/31
ジャーナル フリー東京都およびその近隣に在住し, 特記すべき環境暴露および職業暴露を有しない日本人の男性1,008名, 女性891名の毛髪分析成績をもとにその特性に関する統計学的な考察を行った。対象とした元素はCa, Mg, P, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cr, Se, Li, Ni, Co, V, Pb, Hg, Cd, Al, Asの21種で, 主たる分析法はICAP法である。
各元素の分布について適合度検定を行った結果, 0.1%レベルにて正規分布あるいは対数正規分布とみなし得る元素は男女ともに存在しなかった。ただし, PとZnは正規様のCa, Mg, Na, K, Mnは対数正規様の分布を示した。各元素濃度と年齢との関係では, 年齢階層別に reference value を設定すべき元素は認められなかった。しかし, t-検定および各種ノンパラメトリック検定の結果, P, Na, K, Hg (男性に高値), Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn (女性に高値) の8種の元素がいかなる検定に於ても男女差を示した。また, 相関・偏相関の検討および因子分析の考察より, 元素相互の動きに一定のパターンが認められ, またパターンに男女差が認められた。Ca-Mg, Na-Kの組み合わせには両性を通じて高い相関が認められ, このような元素対に対しては, その比をとって多寡を考察することも意義あるものと思われた。
以上の考察に基づき, Herrera の percentile 法により screening level として妥当性のある日本人毛髪内微量元素の Reference value を設定した。毛髪内微量元素の疾患特異性あるいは国際比較を論ずる際の基礎的数値となるものと思われる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1835K) -
重金属のアオウキクサへの吸収と作用について那須 裕1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 839-852
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the potential use of Lemna paucicostata 6746 as an indicator of water pollution, its potential utilization as a purifier of waste water and in order to study the biokinetics of heavy metals, Lemna sensitivity to heavy metals and its absorptive mode for metals were studied.
The experiments were started by planting 1 colony of Lemna in 50ml flask containing 25ml of medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and chemicals to be tested, and the culturings were made under continuous illumination of 6, 000lx at 25°C for 1 to 7 days. After the culturing period, the number of fronds and the wet weight per flask were counted and the concentrations of heavy metals absorbed by Lemna were measured.
1) Lemna was most sensitive to cadmium in Bonner-Devirian medium (pH 6.1) which had been supplemented with 1% sucrose under continuous illumination of 6, 000lx at 25°C.
2) Given the above conditions, multiplication was inhibited by 50% with 0.1ppm of copper, 1ppm of manganese, 1ppm of zinc, or 1ppm of arsenic.
3) Arsenic and copper inhibited the vegetative growth of Lemna more effectively than its actual multiplication, whereas zinc, manganese and cadmium primarily inhibited multiplication.
4) The concentration coefficient of cadmium for Lemna was from approximately 100 to 500 at the 24-th hour from the onset of culturing on Bonner-Devirian medium containing cadmium (pH 6.1) under continuous illumination of 6, 000lx at 25±1°C.
Seven days after culturing had begun, 70% of the cadmium in 25ml of medium was absorbed by Lemna on 0.01ppm of cadmium containing medium, 50% on 0.1ppm, and 2% on 1ppm cadmium containing medium.
5) Those factors which cause Lemna to be more sensitive to cadmium-the high pH value of the medium, its low concentration of nutrient salts, and warm temperatures-were also shown to be effective for the rapid absorption of cadmium by Lemna. However, it should be noted that individual metals affect the means of absorption as well as their specific activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1573K) -
滝川 寛, 坂本 弘, 林 文代, 松井 清夫1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 853-862
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe amount of body sway in upright posture in 21 healthy subjects was observed when foot angle was changed.
Feet were positioned at angle of 0°, 30°, 60° or 90°. Body sway was mearsured by the strain gaugeplatform system reported previously. Amount of body sway was equivalent to the degree of the center of gravity. The subjects were examined when their eyes were open for 45 seconds and subsequently, when closed for 45 seconds for each foot angle.
The results were as follows:
1) The body sway at 0° or 90° was greater significantly than at 30° or 60°. Lateral sway at 0° and frontback sway at 90° were remarkably great, regardless of whether the subjects had their eyes open or not.
2) When the subject's eyes were closed, body sway increased significantly for all foot angle positions. Sway wave-length increments were dominant in the middle frequency band of approximately 0.3Hz. Here, the degree of increment of both lateral and front-back sway at 0° and that for front-back sway at 90° was greater than that at 30° and 60° respectively.
3) No significant differences were observed based on foot angle for the time required to obtain the increment or for that required for postual adaptation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1263K) -
山本 昭子, 和田 攻, 小野 哲, 小野 弘子, 真鍋 重夫, 石川 晋介1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 863-869
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー微量金属の生体膜および代謝への関与を, insulin との関連において知ることを目的としラット副睾丸脂肪細胞を用いて glucose の酸化および lipid への転換に及ぼす9種の金属イオンの (CrCl3, MnCl2, NiCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, SeO2, CdCl2, HgCl2, SnCl2) 影響を観察した。
反応液中 albumin の金属作用への干渉を抑えるため至適濃度を検討し, 2mg albumin/ml Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer を採用した。この反応液を用いて glucose 酸化と lipogenesis に効果があるとされている insulin とZn2+は, 通常用いられている2% albumin 液での効果に比し, 同等以上の促進効果を示した。また反応は細胞数 (1.2×105コ/mlまで) と時間 (2時間まで) に依存した。
上記低 albumin 反応液での glucose 酸化と lipogenesis に及ぼす金属イオンの影響は次の如くであった。1) Mn2+ (5mM), Ni2+ (5mM), Zn2+ (500μM), Cd2+(500μM) は両作用ともに基礎値を2-3倍, Hg2+ (20μM) は約20%促進した。Se4+は glucose 酸化のみ約50%促進した。2) glucose 酸化と lipogenesis に対する insulin の促進効果について, Mn2+ (5mM), Zn2+ (500μM), Cd2+ (5μM), Hg2+ (5μM) は両作用に, Se2+ (50μM) は glucose 酸化にのみ insulin と相加効果 (または相乗効果) を示した。3) Mn2+とZn2+は3-O-methylglucose の膜輸送を促進した。4) Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Hg2+は両作用に対し, Se4+は glucose 酸化のみに, glucose の特異的膜輸送を50μM-cytochalasin B で阻止してもなお促進効果を示した。これらの金属イオンは細胞内代謝の促進に関与するものと推測された。
以上の結果より今回試みた微量金属イオンの脂肪細胞, glucose 酸化と lipogenesis への影響は次の如くまとめられる。
膜輸送と細胞内代謝をともに促進するもの: Mn2+, Zn2+.
細胞内代謝のみに関与するもの: Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Se4+.
Insulin 作用を増強するもの: Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Se4+, Hg2+.
影響の観察されなかったもの: Cr3+, Cu2+, Sn2+.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (820K) -
高坂 祐夫, 上田 照子, 原 一郎1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 870-876
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTrihalomethanes (THMs) formed by chlorination of precursor substances in raw water, are found in drinking water. They are found at concentration levels higher than those of other organic contaminants. In the present study, the relationship between the formation of THM precursors and anionic surfectants biodegradation was investigated. Three anionic surfectants (LAS, AS and soap), dissolved in river water, were biodegraded under aerobic conditions at incubation temperature of 10°, 20°or 29°C. Except in the case of soap, biodegradation rates were measured by the methylene blue method. To examine the formation of THM precursors by the biodegradation of the surfectants, the incubation solution was chlorinated and THMs thus formed were determined by GC-ECD after solvent extraction. The results were that 1) AS degraded more quickly than LAS regardless of incubation temperature. 2) Higher temperatures caused significant degree of LAS and AS biodegradation. 3) Easily biodegraded surfectants facilitated THMs formation. 4) Maximum formation of THMs was observed for the soap solution regardless of the incubation conditions. It was concluded, therefore, that one THM precursor may be biodegraded products of surfectants when found in river water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (850K) -
坊木 佳人, 棚田 成紀, 三好 保1983 年 38 巻 5 号 p. 877-882
発行日: 1983/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー硫化水素に対して優れた吸着力を有する新しいタイプの含窒素活性炭 (AC-CN) を, メチロール-メラミン-尿素 (MMU) を用いて調製した。原活性炭No. 5 (比表面積: 957.2m2/g; H: 0.62; C: 91.69; N: 0.87%) に20%-MMUアルコール溶液を含浸させ, 850°Cで熱処理することにより, 既報のAC-CNよりも優れた吸着力を有するAC-CN No. 10 (比表面積: 823.3m2/g; H: 0.00; C: 88.82; N: 2.82%) を得た。次に, 原活性炭No. 5とAC-CN No. 10に対する硫化水素の吸着等温線を30°Cにおいて求め, それらの吸着等温線に二項式を適用し, MMU処理によるミクロ孔とスーパーミクロ孔の細孔構造の変化について調べた。AC-CN No. 10のミクロ孔容積 (r<6-7Å) は原活性炭より約15.5%増大したが, スーパーミクロ孔容積 (6-7<r<15-16Å) は原活性炭より約22.8%減少した。これらの結果とミクロ孔, スーパーミクロ孔の平均半径の結果とから, ミクロ孔容積の増大は, ミクロ孔径の拡大によるのではなく, スーパーミクロ孔容積の減少に基づくミクロ孔の数的増加に基因していると考えられる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (606K)
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