日本衛生学雑誌
Online ISSN : 1882-6482
Print ISSN : 0021-5082
ISSN-L : 0021-5082
40 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 天羽 弘行, 松山 睦司
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 567-574
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    アセトアミノフェンは解熱,鎮痛剤として広く用いられている。しかし最近フェナセチンに癌原性がみいだされたため,その主なる代謝産物であるアセトアミノフェンについても癌原性の検索が必要となった。既にアセトアミノフェンの変異原性についての検索が行われ,Ames test (-), repair test (-), chromosome test (-), Silkworm test (-)の成績が得られている。このような現状に鑑み,アセトアミノフェンの亜慢性毒性および癌原性の有無を明らかにする目的で本研究を行った。
    アセトアミノフェンの5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.6および0.3%混合飼料を(C57BL/6×C3H/He) F1 (B6C3F1)マウスに経口投与したところ,5および2.5%投与群マウスの大多数は10週間以内に心筋梗塞あるいは肝臓萎縮で死亡した。1.25%投与群では41週後の屠殺時全例に肝線維症が認められた。
    この亜慢性実験の結果からアセトアミノフェンの最大耐量を0.6%混合飼料と決定し,0.6%およびその半量の0.3%混合飼料を雌雄のB6C3F1マウスに自由に摂取させ,136週間飼育観察した。体重曲線,飼料摂取量,死亡率,腫瘍発生率,腫瘍発生期間のいずれについても投与群と対照群の間に有意差は認められなかった。これらの結果から,アセトァミノフェンはB6C3F1マウスに対し癌原性を持たないものと決論した。
    この論文作成中に,FlaksおよびFlaksがアセトアミノフェンに造腫瘍性があると報告したので,彼等の実験結果と本研究の実験結果の相違について若干の考按を加えた。
  • 小池 雅彦
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 575-585
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    母親の飲酒が胎児におよぼす細胞遺伝学的影響について動物実験モデルで検討した。実験には生後10~14週の成熟処女マウスを使用し,0%,10%,20%,40%のアルコールを妊娠前4週間と妊娠期間中に,固型試料とともに自由に摂取させ,その摂取量を測定した。交尾栓をみた日を妊娠0.5日として,妊娠10.5日目に開腹し,胎仔を回収した後,直接法で染色体標本を作製し,盲検的に分析した。
    アルコール投与4週間後の母獣体重の平均増加量は,40%群でのみ著明に減少した。胎仔に対する影響では,投与量の20%群まで,着床数,吸収胚数などに変化をみなかったが,40%群でのみ吸収胚数の増加,胎仔の発育不良を認めた。染色体の数的異常は,40%群で85匹中1匹(1.2%)の胎仔で40/41 mosaicの異常を認めたのみであった。ギャップや切断などの構造異常は,アルコール濃度の上昇とともに,その頻度が増加した。ここで染色分体型のギャップまたは切断を1個以上有する細胞の頻度は,0%群73/504(14.5%),10%群89/528(16.9%),20%群125/558(22.4%),40%群135/510(26.5%)と投与アルコール濃度の上昇にともない増加傾向を示したが,これに比べ,イソ染色分体型異常では,0%群は12/504(2.4%),10%群16/528(3.0%),20%群40/558(7.2%),40%群91/510(17.8%)と高濃度においてより強い増加傾向を示した。なお,動物が実際に摂取したアルコール量で染色体構造異常発生状況をみたが,この関係をより強調する結果であった。
  • 御輿 久美子, 森山 忠重, 南斎 征夫
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 586-595
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    A hundred and twenty 21 day-old Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: each group was given drinking water containing 0 (control), 1, 5 and 10ppm of cadmium daily. After four weeks, a hematological test, bending and compressive strength tests of the long bones and a cadmium determination of bone were carried out. The right femur and humerus were used for the bending test, and the left ones for the compressive test. The compressive strength of the diaphysis and the metaphysis were measured respectively by using the crosscut portions of bone.
    The bending strength, elasticity and deflection were statistically insignificant between the control and the cadmium groups. The strength to resist the compressive stress, which is a component of the bending stress, reduced in the diaphysis of the 5 and 10ppm groups and in the metaphysis of the 10ppm group. Dose related changes in the elasticity and deformation in compression tests were not observed.
    The hematological results of the 1ppm group were not different from those of the control group. In the 5 and 10ppm groups, anemia, decrease in serum iron and BUN and increase in serum phosphorus were observed, and the differences between the control and the 10ppm groups were larger than those between the control and the 5ppm groups. In the 10ppm group, the serum Alp activity also decreased.
    The cadmium concentrations were 12.7±8.4, 20.6±8.4, 74.3±18.7 and 127.3±23.2ng/g dry weight of the femur and 10.1±2.8, 17.0±4.3, 101.0±22.5 and 134.5±35.4ng/g dry weight of the humerus in the control, 1, 5 and 10ppm groups respectively.
  • 第一報 喫煙を初めて経験した時の諸状況並びに現在の喫煙習慣
    白水 美智子, 柴田 彰
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 596-604
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    A questionnaire related to cigarette smoking habits was administerd to 4303 boys and 4172 girls from eleven junior high schools in 1983. 4168 boys and 4081 girls were classified into four groups; Non-smoker, Experimental smoker, Ex-smoker, Current smoker. The results were as follows: 1) 37.8% of boys and 18.1% of girls had experience in smoking. The rate of current smokers, 6.9% for boys and 2.4% for girls, was higher in boys than in girls. 2) Concerning their first motive to smoke, means of getting cigarettes and places to smoke, a significant difference was recognized among the three groups; experimental smoker, ex-smoker, current smoker. Moreover, there were significant differences among pupils who smoked their first cigarette in elementary school and pupils who smoked it in junior high school. 3) About 50% of the ex-smokers had smoked for less than six months. Most of them stopped smoking by themselves. 4) Most of the current smokers consumed more than six cigarettes per day. A large number of current smokers bought the cigarettes and smoked at a friend's house, in private rooms, or out-ofdoors.
  • 西田 耕之助, 増田 まなみ, 井上 仁, 山川 正信
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 605-611
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    An accident resulting in the inhalation of H2S, which was generated from the quenching water which cools hot ash, occured at the municipal solid waste incineration plant of H city in 1980. As a result, five workers died suddenly. They entered into the quenching water storage tank to pierce a plugged water pipe without protection masks. At that time, the odor of H2S in the space of the tank was very weak.
    This investigation was done to clarify the cause of accident involving H2S generation from the quenching water and to consider an inprovement plan for the process. The results obtained are as follows:
    1. A large amount of H2S seemed to be held within the sediments of the water storage tank, and were exhaled rapidly inside the tank when the water storage tank was disturbed by the workers footsteps.
    2. It has been clarified that a large amount of sludge containing sulfide was apt to accumulate in a short period to the bottom of each tank, as the reduction efficiency for the sludge in the circulating water was very low in this quenching water treatment process.
    3. H2S in the sludge of the water storage tank was thought to exist as small amounts of foam. Further, it is suggested that the H2S might be converted from the sulfide in the ash and the added coagulants from the action of bacteria. In addition, the concentration of H2S in the quenching water, 30% of which was sludge, was considerably higher than the theoretical solubility of the pure water.
  • 今木 雅英, 三好 保, 吉村 武
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 612-618
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study is to examine the use of blood chemical tests as health indices by studies on the changes of nutrient intakes. These figures are taken from 278 healthy males in Tokushima prefecture.
    Appling multiple regression and factor analysis, we found the following results.
    1. Dietary intakes of energy and sugar correlated significantly with hemoglobin content, hematocrit and whole blood specific gravity. These tests also correlated with primary factors (size factors) indicative of the whole range nutrient intakes. Hematocrit was most effected by nutrient intakes in the blood chemical tests.
    2. Dietary intakes of energy, sugar, and vitamin C correlated significantly with serum GOT, GPT activity. Serum GPT activity was most effected by vitamin C intake.
    3. ZTT values were effected by age, sugar and vegetable protein. High inverse correlation was observed between ZTT values and primary factors.
    4. Total serum cholesterol correlated only with animal fat intake.
  • 津金 雅一郎
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 619-626
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2010/01/12
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author investigated the levels of various trace elements in scalp hair, which were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, and studied the physiological implications of these measurements with regard to age and sex. The subjects consisted of 129 Japanese children and adolescences (75 males and 54 females) from 1 to 19 years of age.
    The following results were obtained:
    The levels of zinc, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium increased with age, and iron, aluminum and manganese decreased. High contents of zinc, calcium, magnesium and copper in females, and sodium, potassium, iron, aluminum and manganese in males were revealed for all four age groups. Thus, if the appropriate levels of hair elements are discussed, the factors of age and sex must also be considered.
    Based on principal component analysis for the eleven elements, they can be divided into two main groups. The first group consists of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, mercury and copper, which correlate positively with age; the other consists of iron, manganese, aluminum, potassium and sodium, which correlate negatively with age. The principal component scores of each individuals correlate strongly with their age. The patterns of hair elements is greatly influenced by age, and it changes together with growth.
  • リポおよびアポ蛋白の動態
    小川 博, 塩田 千代, 西川 友世, 福島 晋一, 笹川 祐成
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 627-635
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    Studies on serum lipo- and apo-proteins have rapidly progressed in recent years since epidemiologic studies demonstrated that there is a negative correlation between the concentration of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and the occurrence of coronary heart disease, and that HDL, especially HDL2, is an anti-atherogenic factor.
    On one hand, the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) which was established in 1974, develops arterial fat deposition by high-fat and -cholesterol (HFC) feeding, and is suggested as a useful model for studies on atherosclerosis.
    In this report, we investigated 1) serum lipo- and apo-proteins in male SHRSP in comparison with those in age-matched male Kyo: Wistar rat (WKY), and 2) alterations of serum lipo- and apo-proteins in both strains by HFC feeding. In particular, alterations of HDL subfractions were examined by Heparin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography.
    First, various lipoproteins were fractionated from rat serum by density gradient ultracentrifugation, followed by characterization with various polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses. Next, HDL fraction was subfractionated into two distinct subclasses, HDL rich in apoprotein A-I (Apo A-I HDL) and HDL rich in apoprotein E (Apo E HDL), by Heparin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography.
    We noticed that the content of Apo E HDL including HDL1 in SHRSP was much lower than that in WKY, which was associated with lower content of Apo E in low density lipoprotein- (LDL-) and HDL-fractions of SHRSP. But, it remains to be determined whether the decreased content of Apo E HDL in SHRSP is due to genetic factors or the secondary effects of hypertension.
    In WKY on HFC diet, there was a decrease of Apo E HDL associated with a decrease of Apo E in HDL fraction and an increase of both Apo E and Apo B in LDL- and very low density lipoprotein-(VLDL-) fractions. In SHRSP on HFC diet, the changes were more drastic than those in WKY. Not only Apo E HDL but also Apo A-I HDL decreased, wchich was associated with a decrease of both Apo E and Apo A-I in HDL fraction and a small increase of Apo E and large increase of Apo B in LDL- and VLDL-fractions. These remarkable changes of lipo- and apo-proteins in SHRSP resulted in the decrease of total HDL and the rapid elevation of serum total cholesterol, which could induce the development of arterial fat deposition.
  • 古賀 直美, 平井 幸雄, 友国 勝麿
    1985 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 636-640
    発行日: 1985/06/30
    公開日: 2009/04/21
    ジャーナル フリー
    A simple and direct method for determining lead in blood by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry was developed by modifying the method of Hodges and Skelding (1983). In the present method, a graphite tube was coated with molybdenum and both Triton X-100 and phosphoric acid were added to heparinized whole blood. The calibration curve for lead determination, prepared by adding standard lead solution to the pooled blood of normal mice, had good linearity until 200μg/dl of blood, and it showed low blank and good reproducibility. Limit of detection was 3μg/dl. The result of blood lead levels of Pb-exposed mice obtained by using the calibration curve showed good agreement with those obtained by the standard addition method. An application of this calibration method from normal blood will be available to determine rapidly the blood lead levels in many samples.
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