All issues
Volume 40 (1985 - 198･･･
- Issue 6 Pages 867-
- Issue 5 Pages 799-
- Issue 4 Pages 745-
- Issue 3 Pages 651-
- Issue 2 Pages 567-
Volume 40, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Part 2. Knowledge of disease caused by smoking and living environment associated with smoking behaviorMichiko Shiramizu, Akira Shibata1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 651-658
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA questionnaire was administered to 4303 boys and 4172 girls of eleven junior high schools in 1983. 2592 boys and 3341 girls were non-smokers, and 289 boys and 99 girls were smokers. Non-smokers and smokers were examined concerning their knowledge of disease caused by smoking and the living environment associated with smoking behavior. The relative order of importance of these factors indicated that friends' smoking behavior was the best predictor of smoking in junior high school student, followed by the amount of spending money available per month. The odds ratio was increased with the number of friends' smoking and the amount of money available. We also recognized a similar association between the smoking of siblings and one of the pupils, between the smoking of the mother and one of the pupils, and between the smoking of pupils and enjoyment of school-life. 90% of the non-smokers and 80 % of the smokers responded that smoking causes lung cancer, but only about a third of the pupils among both non-smokers and smokers responded that smoking causes heart disease and chronic bronchitis. And most pupils, who knew that smoking is harmful to health, smoked no cigarette.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Song Il Jwa, Tsutomu Mino, Hiroki Konishi, Kenji Matsumoto, Shintaro T ...1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 659-665
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Annual Report of Statistics on Education, published yearly by the Korean Government, provides data on the mean height of Korean children at ages 6-17 from 1962 to 1983. By converting the annual cross-sectional data into birth-year cohorts to obtain the growth curve and annual height increments at each cohort, an attempt was made to clarify the recent acceleration of growth among Korean children. The results were as follows:
1) The 1967 cohort of boys, i.e. boys born in 1967, indicated that the age of maximum increment in mean height (MI age) was 13.21 years of age and the 1970 cohort of girls was 10.50 years of age. Their adolescent growth levels were almost the same as the levels for Japanese born in the same period.
2) The 1949-1962 cohorts of both sexes indicated that annual height increments had two modes at 12 and 15 years of age, i.e. bimodality. The ages corresponding to these two modes fall on the points immediately after going on to junior or senior high school, and there were statistically negative correla- tions between annual increments at these ages and the ratio of students going on to high schools.
3) In the cohorts in which the said ratio was relatively lower, those who entered the upper schools were inclined to be superior to non-high school students in height. It is, therefore, considered that the specific bimodality of annual height increments resulted from the said tendancy, that is, from abnormally large increments due to the quality of population size.
4) Our method of calculation computed out the MI age of the cohorts (for boys born in 1965, girls in 1966 and after) showing unimodality. On the other hand, the MI age of the cohorts which showed bimodality was worked out from the estimated value on which the height growth after junior higt school in Korea was presumed by actually observing height growth for the whole six years of primary school. It was assumed that the height growth of Koreans follows almost the same growth curve as that of Japanese. The annual change of MI age was found to be in agreement with the logistic curve and a striking lowering.
5) The acceleration of growth in Korea indicated a delay of 20-21 years when compared with Japan, and an acceleration rate was 1.3-1.4 times faster than Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Megumi Kono, Yoshihiro Arai, Hideyuki Fukuda, Keiichi Ohmiya, Koji O'h ...1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 666-670
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSusceptibility of 63 clinical isolates of Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae to various metals and antibiotics was determined. Eighteen of them were found to be resistant to both fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA) and HgCl2. It was clear that resistance to FMA of K. pneumoniae JK9 was induced by exposure to subinhibitory concentration of FMA and the antibacterial activity of FMA was lost by incubation with FMA resistant strains. It was also suggested that FMA-inactivating enzyme was inductively produced by preincubation with FMA.
This indicates that a new type of FMA-resistance mechanism in K. pneumoniae clinically isolated was found out.View full abstractDownload PDF (287K) -
(Report 3) Mortality among migrant workers for tunnelling worksHideaki Nakagawa, Yoshiharu Okumura, Kenichiro Tsujikawa, Chieko Kanam ...1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 671-678
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eastern part of Toyama prefecture is well known as being one of the areas where many migrant workers* live who have been exposed to dust and suffer from silicosis.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mortality rates of migrant workers exposed to dust through jobs such as tunnelling.
Questionaires on occupational careers were sent to all male inhabitants aged 30 or over in the selected area between 1977 and 1978. Two thousand and seventy-seven of the respondents were followed-up until the end of 1983. For those who died, the causes and dates of death were confirmed by death certificates. The mean person-years of observation per a person was 5.9. The subjects were divided into three groups. One group included 644 migrant workers who had worked in jobs with exposure to dust, 275 migrant workers whose jobs did not expose them to dust and 1158 persons who were not migrant workers and whose jobs did not also expose them to dust. Mortality rates compared among the three groups.
The mortality rate per 1, 000 person-years of migrant workers who had worked in jobs with exposure to dust was 22.3. The mortality rate was significantly higher than that of migrant workers who had not worked in jobs with exposure to dust (11.4) and those who were not migrant workers (9.1). Especially significant is the excess mortality rates of migrant workers whose jobs exposed them to dust in ages 40 to 69. There was no significant difference in mortalities between non-migrant workers and migrant workers who had not worked in jobs with exposure to dust.
Among migrant workers who had worked in jobs with exposure to dust, the highest mortality rates per 1, 000 person-years were found in malignant neoplasms (4.3) and also in pulmonary tuberculosis (4.3) followed by heart diseases (3.8), pneumonia & bronchitis (3.0), cerebrovascular diseases (2.7) and pneumoconiosis (2.1). The mortality rates for pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia & bronchitis and pneumoconiosis among migrant workers whose jobs exposed them to dust were higher than those among non-migrant workers. There were no significant differences among all cause-specific mortalities between migrant workers who had not worked in jobs with exposure to dust and non-migrant workers.View full abstractDownload PDF (2930K) -
Nobuyuki Hamajima, Ryuichiro Sasaki, Shoichi Mizuno, Kunio Aoki1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 679-684
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for calculating the mean age at death, standardized in terms of age structure of the population, was demonstrated. The epidemiological implication of mean age at death (crude and standardized) was studied, using Vital Statistics between 1955 and 1980 in Japan, in comparison with life expectancy and age-adjusted death rates.
Crude mean age at death of all causes for both sexes has steadily increased during the observed period, while the increasing trend in the standardized mean age at death proved to be milder than that for the crude mean age at death, with a tendency to level off since 1965. Excluding deaths under fifteen years of age, the increase trend in standardized mean age at death was less clearly observed.
When compared by cause of deaths, the standardized mean age at death from pneumonia and bronchitis was the highest, followed by cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, nephritis and nephrosis, tuberculosis, malignant neoplasm, and cirrhosis of the liver for males in 1980. For females in 1980, the above order by cause of deaths was about the same as that for males, although some exceptions were observed.
In both sexes, the standardized mean age at death from cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, malignant neoplasm and tuberculosis were observed to increase during the entire period observed, while that from nephritis and nephrosis showed a temporary decrease around 1970 and a marked increase thereafter. For cirrhosis of the liver, a slightly decreasing trend among males and a steady trend among females were observed. The correlation between the standardized mean age at death and age-adjusted mortality rate was examined for each cause of death.
Standardized mean age at death, which shows the expected mean survival years for the contemporary population, seems to be a useful indicator for epidemiological studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Atsuhiro Nakano1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 685-694
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the maternal-fetal transfer of mercury across the placenta, inorganic and organic mercury were determined in 41 paired samples of maternal blood, placenta, umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord obtained from pregnant women who had no particular exposure to mercury compounds in their history.
Both inorganic and organic mercury were detected in all the samples but the ratio of organic mercury to total mercury concentrations was much higher than that of inorganic mercury to total mercury. The concentrations of inorganic and organic mercury in the umbilical cord blood were significantly higher than those in the maternal blood, strongly indicating the maternal-fetal transfer of mercury via placenta. The ratio between placental concentration and maternal blood concentration of the two mercury forms was significantly higher in the inorganic than in the organic form, indicating that inorganic mercury does preferentially accumulate in the placental tissues. On the other hand, the ratio between umbilical cord blood concentration and placental concentration of the two mercury forms was significantly higher in the organic than in the inorganic forms, indicating that there was a preferential transfer of the organic mercury across the placenta. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the forms of mercury regarding the ratio of umbilical cord blood concentration to maternal blood concentration, suggesting a possibility that both forms of mercury may be transferred to the fetus with similar efficiency. However, the correlations between maternal blood and umbilical cord blood, between maternal blood and placenta and between placenta and umbilical cord blood in terms of the concentrations of the two forms of mercury suggest that the placenta is less permeable to inorganic mercury and that the organic mercury reaching the fetus through the transplacental route may be metabolized into an inorganic form.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
[in Japanese]1985 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 695-732
Published: August 30, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2894K)
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