巻号一覧
40 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
小野 雅司, 斎藤 寛1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 799-811
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーWe have been investigating the health effects of environmental pollution by cadmium from copper smelters in Kosaka, Akita prefecture.
We will first give information on the geographical aspects, historical background, population change and industrial situation of Kosaka.
After obtaining information from death certificates, we analyzed the causes of death to investigate the mortality patterns in environmentally cadmium-polluted areas. The results were as follows.
i. Number of deaths and death rates decreased after 1945-49.
ii. Relative frequency of death by age decreased in 0, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-19 year-olds, but increased in 60-69, 70-79 and 80 year-olds and over. These patterns are similar to those of Akita prefecture and they are not peculiar to Kosaka.
iii. Digestive disease, tuberculosis and respiratory disease decreased, but malignant neoplasma, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease increased in Kosaka. Relative frequency of tuberculosis, respiratory disease and senility are higher and that of cerebrovascular disease and malignant neoplasma are lower in Kosaka than in Akita prefecture. These patterns are peculiar to Kosaka.
iv. In comparison with the mortality patterns of mine workers and those of other occupants, the relative frequency of injury and respiratory disease are highest in mine workers. I think the latter is the result of long-time occupational cadmium exposure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1518K) -
西田 耕之助, 増田 まなみ, 井上 仁, 山川 正信1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 812-821
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーAn accident by inhalation occurred in the storage tank of quenching water for hot ash and five workers were killed in the municipal solid waste incineration plant of H city. It was clarified that a large amount of H2S, accumulated in the sediment, was momentally released into the space of the ash water tank, when the water stirred, as reported before. In this paper, the balance of sulfur in the quenching water treatment system was considered using data from the operation of this system. Also, the change of sulfur compounds in the ash water and the factors of water quality were experimentally investigated. The results obtained are as follows.
1) As the operation of ash water treatment system was not regular when the accident broke out, it seems that the particles of ash in the water were apt to precipitate to the bottom of the storage tank and pipes within a short time.
2) It was confirmed that the values of pH and ORP in the ash water in the storage tank were kept in a condition favorable to anaerobic decomposition of the sludge, so that the conversion from sulfates to H2S in the water and the sludge occurred easily, and the converted H2S was stored in the precipitating sludge.
3) It was estimated that the content of sulfur in the ash water depends on the amount of sulfur compounds in the burned solid waste, oil and aluminium sulfate added to the ash water.
4) It was clarified that the generation of H2S from water in the storage tank decreases temporarily with the addition of aluminum sulfate, which coagulates the suspended particles in the ash water. However, the generation of H2S increased explosively with a lapse of time, because the factors of water quality, such as pH, ORP, etc, transfer gradually to the reduction side.
5) It was confirmed that the amount of H2S, accumulating in the sludge, depends on the length of the stagnant period of ash water in the flowing process.
6) A preventive and control plan to H2S generation in the continuous flowing system of the quenching water in this plant was considered.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1118K) -
高宮 恒治1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 822-834
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー残留性の有機塩素系殺虫剤などによる人体と食品の汚染に関する若干の実態調査より,以下に記述する知見をえたほか,一般住民の汚染予測にあたり,ブリを指標とする方法を考案した。
1) OCIの人体蓄積については,脂肪組織への分布が著明で,その蓄積性については,β-BHCとpp'-DDEが同程度,dieldrinではやや低い傾向がみられた。
2) 産婦の出産時さい帯血のβ-BHCとpp'-DDEの濃度は,いずれも一様に母体血の約30%でいずれの場合も,さい帯血と母体血の濃度間に有意の相関性がみられた。
3) 大型の回遊魚であるブリとマグロ及び近海魚のアジにみられるDDT・dieldrinの残留傾向は同様で,ブリ>アジ>マグロの順に蓄積性が認められ,脂質含量がその主要な因子として挙げられる。
4) ブリの残留性有機塩素化合物は,成長に伴い,脂質含量とほぼ平行して増加すると推察されるほか,DDT・PCBの幼魚と成魚にみられる質的相違から,これらの代謝機能の高まることが示唆された。
5) '81年の長崎で水揚げされた天然ブリの総DDT値が高かったのは,質的にも原体成分の比率が高いほかPCBsガスクロマトグラムパターンから,黒潮のDDT汚染レベルが高かったためと推察された。
6) 生態系の視点からDDT汚染を考えると一般住民と海洋性魚類の間に,食物連鎖による濃縮が,脂質当りでは成立しているものと推察される。
7) ブリに残留するPCBの天然産と養殖産の質的相違については,'80年ではピークパターンに明瞭な差異がみられたものの,その後漸次接近する傾向が観察された。又,量的には同レベルであり,おおむね横這いに推移していた。
8) ブリのDDT残留の推移については,'83年に至って,質的量的に,減少の兆しが認められた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1489K) -
坂本 峰至1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 835-840
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of the present work is to examine the effects of smoking on the amount of ethane expired from the human lungs and on lipid peroxidation in the human body. The amount of ethane in 1000ml of expired air was measured both in smokers and non-smokers. Results are as follows.
1. The amount of expired ethane in smokers (14 subjects) at least 4 hours afther smoking was 74.60±50.43pmol and that in non-smokers (19 subjects) was 24.49±10.24pmol.
2. Decreasing patterns of expired ethane after a single cigarette and those after refraining from smoking could be described by a two-compartment model in the following equation,
C=Ae-at+Be-bt
In this equation C is the amount of expired ethane at time t, A and B are the exponential coefficients and represent the amount of expired ethane in each component at time t=0, a and b are the exponential constants.
3. The amount of expired ethane after a single cigarette was 2438pmol for smokers and 1575pmol for non-smokers. The recovery time to the pre-smoking levels was about 3 hours for smokers and 4 hours for non-smokers.
4. Ethane from cigarette smoke disappeared from the lungs of smokers after refraining from smoking for 24 hours. The amount of expired ethane in smokers was more than that in non-smokers even after 24 hours, suggesting that smoking stimulated lipid peroxidation in the human body. The amount of ethane expired from the lungs of smokers was estimated to decrease to the level of non-smokers after 6 months abstinence.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (683K) -
第2報 学童の場合小川 正行1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 841-848
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー本報は学童肥満のより正確な判定方法究明のため,この研究分野で身体組成の判定指標として,絶対的コンセンサスを得ている人体比重を簡便に測定できる身体諸計測値から,より正確に推定する重回帰式を検討した。検討は,小学生4・5・6年生,男女合わせて367人の,水泳プール利用の水中体重測定法により測定した人体比重と,同時に並行して測定した身長,体重,周囲径,皮厚ならびに年齢を変数として,重回帰分析と因子分析を行った。得られた主なる所見は以下のとおりである。
1.本測定法によって得た対象学童の身長,体重,胸囲は1983年の学校保健統計における同年齢者の成績と同様であり,その人体比重は男児:1.0556±0.0101(X±SD),女児:1.0526±0.0096である。これは,同年齢者を対象とした既報文献成績と比較して,男児は若干低値,女児は若干高値である。しかし,男女間の差はより少ない。
2.年齢,身長,体重,胸囲,腹囲,上腕囲,上腕部皮厚,肩甲骨下部皮厚,側腹部皮厚,人体比重を変数として因子分析すると,男女共固有値1以上は第2因子までであり,そこまでの累積説明率は男児が80.4%,女児が79.1%である。男女共に第1因子は身体の充実・発達に関するもの,第2因子は身体の伸長・成長に関するものと思われる。人体比重は男女共,第1因子にはいる。
3.人体比重を従属変数として重回帰分析すると,男児の第1編入説明変数は腹囲,第2は上腕囲,第3は年齢,以下は上腕部皮厚,側腹部皮厚,胸囲,体重,身長,肩甲骨下部皮厚の順序であり,女児の第1編入説明変数は上腕囲,第2は年齢,第3は肩甲骨下部皮厚,以下は腹囲,身長,体重,側腹部皮厚,上腕部皮厚,胸囲の順序である。男児で第3編入説明変数まで,女児で第2編入説明変数まで皮厚が選択されない。
4.学校現場等での肥満判定スクリーニングのための人体比重予測式としては,重回帰分析より,男児がYc=1.10290-0.00057・X1-0.00177・X2+0.00225・X3(X1:腹囲,X2:上腕囲,X3:年齢)R=0.7098(p<0.001),女児がYc=1.08386-0.00342・X1+0.00407・X2(X1:上腕囲,X2:年齢)R=0.7591(p<0.001)が得られた。なお,この予測式の重相関係数は,既報文献のものと同程度の値である。しかし,身体組成面でlean body massとfat massの2方向から推定するものであること,および,使用する変数が周囲径,年齢という,より簡便なものであることから,利用方法の容易さは旧に倍するものと思われる。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (961K) -
島 正吾, 森田 邦彦, 村井 佳幸, 谷脇 弘茂, 山本 恵申, 井上 茂樹1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 849-854
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe adjuvant activity of beryllium in two immune responses was examined in mice and guinea pigs. The splenic IgM-plaque forming cells in mice intraperitoneally or intravenously injected with beryllium chloride were significantly increased in comparison with that of the control mice. The induction of delayed type hypersensitivity to azobenzene-arsonate-N-acetyl-tyrosine was not increased by the injection of beryllium.
It was concluded that the adjuvant activity of beryllium was recognized on the humoral immune response.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (641K) -
中園 直樹, 新野 峰久, 石井 慶蔵, 細川 敏幸, 斎藤 和雄1985 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 855-861
発行日: 1985/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn Japan rubella occurs mostly in kindergarten and middle school students from 5 to 14 years of age. That is why it is presumed that school teachers of these age groups are at potential risk to be infected by this disease because of their close association with the children.
Comparing prevalence rates of rubella HI antibody in females who were 21 years old or less and those aged 22 to 29 in 1983, about 87% of the first group (who had received the rubella vaccinations when they were 13 to 14 years old) were seropositive while the prevalence rate was low (about 70%) in the second group.
School teachers in Sapporo Municipal schools were studied in October 1983 through questionnaires in order to investigate any special risk of their exposure to rubella. Among a total of 4, 165 school teachers aged under 40 years in 1983 in kindergarten, primary, middle and high schools in Sapporo, replies were obtained from 2, 412 of them (58%). A total of 2, 033 completed replies were analyzed, except those employed in 1983 when the rubella epidemic ceased. Among these 2, 033 school teachers, 932 had a history of rubella before employment, and 126 (6.2%) got rubella after employment. Among these 126 school teachers, 36 answered that they have suffered from rubella during the 1975-77 epidemic and 90 had it during the 1980-82 epidemic. The institute attack rates (%) were as follows: 11.3% (6 cases) in kindergarten, 6.5% (92 cases) in primary school, 5.4% (27 cases) in middle school and 1.5% (1 case) in high school; indicating higher attack rates among school teachers in the institutions for younger children, and a significant difference of the attack rates was obtained between kindergarten and high school. The increasing attack rate among staff in institutes for young school children showed a similar tendency in both epidemics, 1975-77 and 1980-82, compared with the attack rates of school-age children in the 1975-77 epidemic which was 26.4% in primary school, 15.3% in middle school and 2.9% in high shool.
In view of these data, it was suggested that rubella infections of school teachers were associated with infected kindergarten and school children.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (921K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|